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This invention refers to a schematic series of connected construction bricks, with horizontal and vertical, female and male slots, which create complete building constructions with the addition of glue or other substance for joint connection.
Bricks of similar type with rudimentary female and male slots in their vertical lines are well known. But this bricks do not work as structural breaks, but as rudimentary supplementary breaks or dependant by other materials.
Other known types of bricks are connected with female and male cylindrical slots, with slots suitable for iron bars, concrete etc.
Bricks with horizontal and vertical connection king-slots are fitted completely articulately with one another, but with the floor base and the roof, creating a uniform whole in the sense of a puzzle.
The advantages of this invention are many in comparison to the existing building systems. The use of the bricks system, with horizontal and vertical connective king-slots has many advantages as far as the following:
1.-It offers new building possibilities, for easy and quick construction.
2.-It offers a uniform and absolute construction coherence which makes the building aseismic.
3.-Due to the perfect connection of the bricks with bonding materials, the contractor is saved from plaster and only stucco is needed.
4.-The construction work is more dean.
5.-The time required to complete the work is very little.
6.-It contributes to the economy of the labour and the material and as a result the total cost of the construction is much smaller.
The bricks of the present invention have the following categories:
A.-Bricks for vertical construction, flat and concave.
B.-Roof, window and door bricks and window and door bricks.
C.-Bricks for floor and roof support.
D.-Final roof bricks.
The flat as well as the vertical construction bricks have the following categories:
A1.-Oblong bricks
FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20, 20A, 21, 21A, 21B, 21C, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43 and 44.
The oblong bricks are made of three parallel rectangular parallelepipeds, FIGS. 5 and 6, in their large side and adjacent two by two between them, with the middle one in parallel lifted against the others in a distance equal, smaller or greater than their smaller side thus creating a female king-recess in its lower part and a male king-prominence in its upper part.
The upper middle, parallel lifted parallelepiped with its horizontal position and its length gives the following brick types:
1.-Oblong bricks closed on both ends. FIGS. 32 and 38
2.-Oblong bricks closed on one end and with a male king-prominence on the other end. FIGS. 20 and 20A
3.-Oblong bricks with a female king-recess on one end and with a male king-prominence on the other end. FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4.
4.-Oblong bricks with a female king-recess on both ends. FIGS. 43, 44
5.-Oblong bricks with a male king-prominence on both ends. FIGS. 21 and 21A.
The recesses, prominences and levels on oblong bricks form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the above oblong bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
| Length = a | Height = a | Width = x | ||
| or Length = 2a | Height = a | Width = x | ||
Variables a and x can have an metric value, indicative suggested values could be: a=20 or 10 centimetres x=12 or 10 centimetres.
A2.-Corner bricks.
Corner bricks FIGS. 15, 16, 17 and 18, are made by incorporating in a parallelepiped knot, of length=x, width=x, height=a, with a female recess at the lower level of a right angle type and a male prominence of a right angle type at its lower level, two oblong bricks aligned with the extension of its recesses and prominences.
The recesses, prominences, knots and the levels in the corner bricks form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the corner oblong bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
| A′ side = 2a + x, | B′ side = a + x | ||
| A′ side = a + x, | B′ side = 2a + x | ||
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
A3. T-shaped bricks
T-shaped bricks FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10, are created by incorporating in a knot, equal to the knot of the corner brick, with a T-shaped female recess and male prominence, of three oblong bricks aligned to the extension of its recesses and prominences.
The recesses, prominences, knots and the levels in T-shaped bricks form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned T-shaped bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
| 1. - Total vertical length = 2a + x, | Horizontal side = a + x | |
| 2. - Total vertical length = a + x, | Horizontal side = 4a + x | |
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
A4.-Cross-shaped bricks, FIGS. 11 and 12
Corner bricks FIGS. 11 and 12, are created by inserting in a knot equal to the one of the corner brick, with a female recess and a male prominence of a cross shape, four oblong bricks aligned with the extension of the recesses and prominences.
The recesses, prominences, knots and the levels in T-shaped bricks form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned cross-shaped bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
1.-Total vertical length=4a+x, Total Horizontal width=a+x FIG. 11
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
A5.-Concave bricks, FIGS. 11 and 12
Concave brick FIGS. 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 are similar to the oblong bricks; their difference is regarding their parallelogramic parts, their male prominences and female recesses are made of concave levels.
The concave bricks are distinguished in concave bricks for vertical construction and bricks for arches.
Concave bricks FIGS. 22 and 23, for vertical construction have recesses and prominences similar to the oblong bricks.
In the bricks for arches FIGS. 25 and 26, the recesses and prominences have recesses and prominences in their sections and they are limited within those.
Concave bricks in their concave side are parts of the levels of two concentric circles divided symmetrically by its aces and their dimensions vary.
A6.-Concave surfaces of arches.
The concave surfaces of the arches are quarters of slab formed by the creation of a circle into a square FIG. 28. These are placed above the arches and are tied on the side and top notches of the oblong bricks.
A7.-Extensions. FIGS. 21B and 21C
The extensions are small parallelepipeds whose width is equal approximately to one third of x width 2x and of height x which is incorporated to the female king-recesses of the bricks turning them to male.
A8.-Double oblong bricks
Double oblong bricks FIGS. 42 and 42A are made of 2 single oblong bricks in between which inflated polystyrene or any other insulation material is added. These bricks are suitable for heat insulation.
A9.-Double corner bricks
Double corner bricks are made of two single corner bricks in between which inflated polystyrene or any other insulation material is added. These bricks are suitable for heat insulation.
A10.-Bricks for pillars
These bricks are square with cross-shaped recesses at their lower part and prominences at their upper part, placed one top of each other formatting pillars for construction and fencing. On their upper finish a brick with a cross-shaped female prominence in its lower part, is placed and a parallelepiped top on top of it which is the finish or a support of another geometrical solid body. FIG. 84
Bricks A1, A2, A3m A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 and A10, can be made of argil, concrete, wood, glass, as well from material or combination of materials which are known or will be made known in the future. Furthermore, these bricks can be enforced vertically and horizontally with grill of iron bar FIG. 33, for structural stronger constructions.
B.-Roof, window and door bricks and window and door bricks.
B1.-Roof, window and door bricks
Roof and window and door bricks FIGS. 13, 14 and 15, have the same shape as the oblong bricks of single masonry with:
length from 4a up to 15a, height=a and width=x. FIGS. 13 and 14
And double masonry with:
length from 4a up to 15a, height=a and width=2x+the width of the insulating material. FIG. 14A
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks. They are reinforced with iron bars of stainless steel profile pipes in the direction of their width internally.
In a distance equal to a under their length they are connected with the upper left and right finishes of the windows or entrances.
B2.-Door and window bricks. FIGS. 86 and 87.
Door and window bricks are uniform door profiles FIG. 87 and windows FIG. 87 for the creation of doors and windows with arches. On their sides and at their lower part they have king-recesses or prominences for their incorporation in the structural direction of bricks. For this reason, their length as well as their width equals to a number multiple of the enacted factor a.
These forms belong in two categories as far as their width, single and double respective to the width and the construction of the roof and the door and window bricks.
In the direction of their length, width and height, internally, they are reinforced with a grill of iron bars or with stainless steel profile pipes.
Bricks B1 and B2, can be made of argil, concrete, wood, glass, as well from material or combination of materials which are known or will be made known in the future.
C.-Bricks for floor and roof support have the following categories:
C1.-Single internal bricks for straight support.
Single internal bricks for straight support, FIGS. 48, 49, 56 and 57, are made of one oblong brick and by another two of the same length and height parallelepipeds, adjusted longitudinal in its recesses and prominences. All their parts form a uniform solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
Length=a or 2a, Height=a Width=3x where x=width of the base of the oblong brick and the width of the base of each support.
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
C2.-Single internal bricks for corner type support.
Single internal bricks for corner type support, FIGS. 50, 58 and 59, are made of one corner brick and two parallelepipeds adjusted in parallel of the external angle of its recesses and prominences. All of their parts form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
Length=a+2x, Height=a Width=2a+2x where x=width of the base of the oblong brick and the width of the base of each support.
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
C3.-T-shaped type single internal bricks for corners.
T-shaped type single internal bricks for corners, FIGS. 52, 53, 60 and 61, are made of one T-shaped brick and three parallelepipeds, two parallelepipeds adjusted in parallel and below the recesses and prominences of its height, and one in parallel of its horizontal recesses and prominences. All of their parts form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
Length=4a+x, Height=a Width=2a+2x
or Length=2a+x, Height=a Width=3a+2x where x=width of the base of the oblong brick and the width of the base of each support.
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
C4.-Cross-shaped type single internal bricks.
Cross-shaped type single internal bricks, FIGS. 54, 55, 62 and 63, are made of one cross-shaped type brick and of four parallelepipeds, the parallelepipeds complete the four sides of the cross, thus creating a new parallelepiped. All of their parts form a uniform and solid whole.
The dimensions of the prementioned bricks without the addition of any prominences or the extraction of recesses are:
Length=4a+x, Height=a Width=2a+2x where x=width of the base of the oblong brick and the width of the base of each support.
Suggested values a and x correspond to the adopted values of the oblong bricks that form them.
C5.-Double internal bricks for straight support.
Double internal bricks for straight support, FIGS. 66, 67, 68 and 69, are made of one brick of straight support type with an adjusted parallelepiped in parallel with one trunking of its prominence, thus creating a new parallelepiped. All their parts form a uniform solid whole.
C6.-Double internal bricks for corner type support.
Double internal bricks for corner type support, FIGS. 64, 65, 68 and 69, are made of one double angle type brick with an adjusted parallelepiped in the internal part of the angle, thus creating a new parallelepiped. All of their parts form a uniform and solid whole.
Bricks C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6, can be made of argil, concrete, wood, glass, as well from material or combination of materials which are known or will be made known in the future.
D.-Final roof bricks have the following categories:
D1.-Straight roof brick.
Straight roof bricks FIGS. 70 and 71, have a ramp shape with a lateral external blade and with two female recesses vertical to its lower part, a closed one in its small side width and an open expanded one in its big side width. With these slots it is connected with the double oblong bricks. The roof surface is placed vertically in the internal part of the expanded recess.
The surface of the inclined roof is placed in the inclined slot of the ramp.
The vertical parts of the brick may be connected with a female or male slot respectively.
D2.-Corner roof brick.
Corner roof bricks FIGS. 74 and 75, have a ramp shape with a lateral external blade and with two female recesses vertical to its upper part, a closed one internally and an open expanded one externally. With these slots it is connected with the double corner bricks, while the roof surface is placed vertically in the internal part of the expanded recess.
The surface of the inclined roof is placed in the internal upper part of the inclined slot of the ramp.
The vertical parts of the brick may be connected with a female or male slot respectively.
There are two types for these bricks, left-sided and right-sided.
D3.-Scalariformed roof brick.
Scalariformed roof bricks FIGS. 76 and 77, have a ramp shape with a lateral external blade and with two female recesses vertical to its upper part, a closed one internally and an open expanded one externally. With these slots it is connected with the double oblong bricks. The roof surface is placed vertically in the internal part of the expanded recess.
The surface of the inclined roof is placed in the internal part of the inclined slot of the ramp.
The vertical parts of the brick may be connected with a female or male slot respectively.
There are two types for these bricks, left-sided and right-sided.
D4.-Rafter support brick
Rafter support bricks FIG. 85 are oblong bricks of type shape 3, with a slot in the middle of its length for the insertion of wooden or other support rafters.
D5.-Vertical structure finish.
Vertical structure finishes FIGS. 29, 30 and 31, in the event there is a pre-assembled roof, is made of two articulate T-shaped type pieces connected in the upper finish. When these are glued with one another they form the finish of the connection with the roof.
The upper part of these pieces is cut according to the height of each level.
Bricks D1, D2, D3, D43 and D5, can be made of argil, concrete, wood, glass, as well from material or combination of materials which are known or will be made known in the future.
A.-Construction only with bricks
After the construction of the uniform base where the building will be supported, wooden, metal or concrete king-piles are placed on this, according to the architectural plan of the building, on top of which the bricks will be glued with strong glue on their lower feminine side.
The king-piles will be placed double in the event of double masonry.
The bricks must be placed in their first row, according to their shape, the straight ones for the current metres, the angles on the corners etc.
From the second row onwards the bricks must be placed in such a way in order to be crossed between them. This process will continue until the height of the base of the first floor minus one row of bricks. In the next row the bricks for the floor support will be placed. Then, the building is completed until the height of the roof.
The placement of the roof is made with roof bricks; the wood for the attic is placed on top or that of the upper ceiling and the wooden roof slab, slab or any other material. FIGS. 72, 73, 78, 79 and 80. The base and the height of the corner and scalariformed roof bricks can set the inclination of the roof angle.
Therefore, according to the length 3a a top angle of 143 and 8′ degrees if formed. According to length 2a a top angle of 126 and 52′ degrees is formed and even 90 degrees.
In the first and second case the height is equal to a+x.
In the third case of the 90 degrees the height is equal to 2a+x.
Based on these three cases the inclination of the straight roof bricks is set respectively as follows:
and 45 degrees and 0′, FIGS. 78, 79 and 80.
For the creation of windows we place the roof bricks for doors and windows and we continue they assembly onwards.
In a similar manner to the above we place the cylindrical walls as well as the arches.
B.-Construction on a concrete frame.
The construction requires besides the lower king-pile, also vertical ones on the sides of the pillars as well as on the roof FIG. 45. These king-piles must be evened and co-planar. The building method is the same. The only difference may be in the case where the opening between the pillars or the walls does not have the same distance according to the sum of the length of the bricks. In this case, simple oblong pieces of supplements of different sizes can be used. In the finish of the roof the segmented brick can be used, which can be adjusted in the dimensions of the height of the construction with the method of cutting tiles.
Decorative Bricks
In the event the bricks' external surface are embossed FIG. 41, they can give the impression of a stone masonry or other decoration.
Bricks with horizontal and vertical connective king-slots can be solid or have in their parallelepipeds, holes in different shapes with a section of known geometrical shapes; for example, circle, square, parallelepiped, rhomb, polygon etc. FIGS. 81, 82 and 83.
Combined bricks with horizontal and vertical king-slots can be used:
1.-As a complete set of construction materials for buildings, offices, factories, gardens and fencing etc.
2.-As a material of internal and external masonry.
3.-As a material for decorative works.
4.-As a material for constructions of any nature.