Abstract. Data from floras are critical in establishing
species' ranges. This knowledge is essential to conserving plant
species and monitoring the spread of introduced species. New plant
records in Erath County as well as information on the number of native,
endemic, introduced and rare species are reported for an ongoing flora
of the vascular plants at Tarleton State University's Hunewell
Ranch. Species are compared to those occurring on the state noxious
weeds and threatened or endangered species lists. Plant specimens were
collected over a twelve month period from September 2006 to August 2007.
Ninety-eight taxa were new to Erath County and 35 of these are major
range extensions of plants into the West Cross Timbers. Ninety-one taxa
are native and seven are introduced species. Five of the native species
are endemic to Texas. No plants occurred on the stale noxious weeds
list, are considered rare, nor were any threatened or endangered species
discovered at Hunewell Ranch.
Comprehensive floristic knowledge of species composition and plant
communities is fundamental to the preservation and management of plant
species. The floristic knowledge of Erath County, located in the
southwestern portion of the West Cross Timbers, is both dated and
incomplete. The earliest known checklist of plants in Erath County was
compiled by Lula C. Gough at Tarleton State University (TSU). Gough
collected specimens from Erath County from 1921 to 1923, excluding
Poaceae and Cyperaceae as part of her Master's degree from the
University of Texas at Arlington (Gough 1923). In addition, a relatively
recent atlas of state plants (Turner et al. 2003a; 2003b) has incomplete
data for much of the West Cross Timbers including Erath County. The
flora of Hunewell Ranch is part of a current and ongoing project to
update and extend the floristic knowledge of Erath County.
Hunewell Ranch is currently owned and maintained by TSU in
Stephenville, Texas, which is the Erath County seat. Few historical
records of Hunewell Ranch exist, but it is believed that tanning
operations included a haymaking enterprise, maintenance of cropland
sites, and ranching from 1900 to 1935 (Vickery 1991). After World War
11, a dairy operation was maintained until approximately 1970. Hunewell
Ranch was willed to TSU by Mr. and Mrs. Davis G. Hunewell (Parker 2001).
Portions of the ranch are allocated to natural grasses, hay production,
and the observation of native biota by students studying field ecology
and wildlife sciences at TSU.
Hunewell Ranch is situated in the West Cross Timbers (WCT) region
of Texas (Figure 1), which is a belt of woodland interspersed by prairie
habitat, ranging from northern Oklahoma to north central Texas
(Dyksterhuis 1948; Diggs et al. 1999; Hoagland et al. 1999). Typically
this woodland habitat is not continuous and is occasionally breached by
the Fort Worth Prairie (Diggs et al. 1999). Historically, this area has
not been exploited for its timber, and as a result, many old growth
forests remain (Diggs et al. 1999). Farming, ranching, and the
cultivation of crops occurred on prairies and the fringes of woodlands
(Hoagland et al. 1999). Negligent agricultural practices and fire
suppression exacerbated erosion and the overgrowth of weedy species
resulting in the suppression of native mid-to tall-grasses and the loss
of original climax understory vegetation (Hoagland et al. 1999; Van
Auken 2000). Invasion of native prairies and some woody plant
communities by plants such as juniper and mesquite has occurred over
large areas (Van Auken et al. 1988; Van Auken 2000).
[FIGURE 1 OMITTED]
This investigation is part of an ongoing floristic study of
Hunewell Ranch and Erath County. The purpose of this portion of the
investigation is to document species that are new to Erath County and in
some cases the West Cross Timbers.
STUDY SITE
Hunewell Ranch is located in the east-central part of Erath County
(coordinates at the ranch gate are 32[degrees]12.901 N,
98[degrees]06.147W). Elevation ranges from 376 m to 408 m. The total
area of the ranch is 474.3 ha. Hunewell Ranch is dominated by post
oak-blackjack oak savannah, midgrass prairie, and tall grass bottomland
habitats (Parker 2001). The ranch tends to be highly disturbed as a
result of extensive livestock grazing. The incidence of juniper invasion
is particularly problematic throughout the ranch (Vickery 1991).
Periodic prescribed burning and juniper removal have been used to reduce
brush invasion (Parker 2001). The area surrounding Hunewell ranch
exhibits the gently rolling topographical relief typical of the WCT
region.
Richardson Creek traverses the ranch in an east-west direction.
Sycamore Creek is located in the southern half of the ranch and also
runs in an east-west direction. There arc several stock ponds
distributed across the ranch, ephemeral drainage ditches, and gentle
sloping terrain typified by occasional flooding is prevalent (Parker
2001). Windthorst-Duffau and Maloterre-Purves-Dugout (Wagner et al.
1973) are the two primary soil associations on the ranch. The
Windthorst-Duffau association tends to be moderately deep to deep soil,
and varies from sandy to sandy-loam overlying reddish loamy soils and
clayey soils. This association ranges from gently sloping to sloping.
The Maloterre-Purves-Dugout association consists of shallow stony and
gravelly, clayey soils overlying limestone bedrock (Wagner et al. 1973).
This soil association primarily supports open prairie habitat, which is
occasionally invaded by juniper and mesquite.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field work was conducted at Hunewell Ranch over a twelve-month
period from September 2006 to August 2007. Twelve localities within the
ranch were visited monthly to collect plant specimens: however other
sites were opportunistically sampled. All major plant communities and
habitats occurring at Hunewell Ranch were sampled.
Specimens were processed at TSU Herbarium using standard herbarium
procedures (Diggs et al. 1999). Each specimen from Hunewell Ranch was
identified and classified as native, endemic, or introduced using
Shinners and Mahler's Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas
(Diggs et al. 1999). Plants from Hunewell Ranch were compared to those
that occur on the Texas State-listed Noxious Weeds (USDA 2009), state
threatened and endangered plant species list (TPWD 2009), and rare
plants of Texas (Poole et al. 2007). Distributions of taxa were compared
to those published in the Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas (Turner
et al. 2003 a; 2003b). Taxa new to Erath County but occurring in
bordering counties are listed in Table 1. Distributions new to Erath
County and not reported from bordering counties are discussed as major
range extensions for the WCT.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ninety-one taxa are native and seven are introduced species. Five
of the native species are endemic to Texas. No plants occurred on the
state noxious weeds list, nor were any rare, threatened, or endangered
species discovered at Hunewell Ranch.
Ninety-eight taxa are considered new records for Erath County
(Table 1). Thirty-five of the taxa are major range extensions into the
WCT and are discussed individually by family in the following
paragraphs.
FAMILY ACANTHACEAL
Ruellia humilis Nutt. (Prairie-petunia; TAC 4218) is native herb
found in prairies and open woods in southeastern and east Texas, west to
the Panhandle and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999) but is
considered rare in the western three-fourths of the state (Correll &
Johnston 1970). The closets collection within the WCT is from Parker
County (Turner et al. 2003a). However, more recently it has been found
in Eastland County, which borders Erath County to the northwest (McPhail
& Nelson 2005). The presence of prairie-petunia at Hunewell Ranch
and in Eastland County extends the range of the species into the
southwestern WCT.
FAMILY ALISMATACEAE
Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (Common arrowhead; TAC 370) is a native
aquatic herb that is widespread in Texas occurring in lakes, ponds, or
other wet areas (Diggs et al. 1999). The closest collection within the
WCT is from Parker County (Turner et al. 2003a). Its collection in Erath
County extends the known range southwestward in the WCT.
FAMILY ACANTHACEAE
Amaranthus hybridus L. (Slender pigweed; TAC 4220) is a native
plant of eastern North America, Mexico, and northern South America and
has become a naturalized weed in the Mediterranean region (Diggs et al.
1999). It has been collected from Eastland County in the WCT and its
presence at Hunewell Ranch represents a northeastward range extension
into the WCT.
FAMILY ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias viridis Walter (Green milkweed; TAC 4230 ) is a native
forb that occurs in east and southeast Texas as well as west in the West
Cross Timbers and Edwards Plateau where it occurs on disturbed ground,
prairies, ditch banks, and pastures and can become abundant in
overgrazed areas (Diggs et al. 1999). Based on Turner et al. (2003a),
this specimen represents a range extension for this species into the
southwestern WCT.
FAMILY ASTERACEAE
Bidens frondosa L. (Beggar-ticks; TAC 4234) is a native forb that
occurs in moist areas in east Texas west to the Rolling Plains and
Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999). The nearest locality reported from
the WCT is Parker County (Turner et al. 2003a) and its presence at
Hunewell Ranch extends the range of this species southwest into the WCT.
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Pieplant; TAC 4239) is a native forb
that occurs along ditches, shorelines, and stream banks throughout Texas
(Diggs et al. 1999). The nearest locality reported from the West Cross
Timbers is Parker County (Turner et al. 2003a) and its presence at
Hunewell Ranch extends the range of this species southwest into the WCT.
Erigeron modestus A. Gray (Plains fleabane; TAC 4241) is a common
native plant that often inhabits gravelly or rocky limestone and occurs
mostly south and west of the WCT into extreme west Texas (Diggs et al.
1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this species at Hunewell
Ranch extends the range of this plant into the southern portion of the
WCT.
Gaillardia aestivalis (Walter) H. Rock var. aestivalis (Prairie
gaillardia; TAG 4244) is a native forb that occurs in sandy open woods,
prairies, and disturbed areas in East Texas, the WCT, and the Edwards
Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999). The nearest locality reported from the West
Cross Timbers is Parker County (Turner et al. 2003) and its presence at
Hunewell Ranch extends the range of this species southwest into the WCT.
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hill. & Burtt. (Fragrant
cupweed; TAC 4259) is a native forb that occurs in southeast and east
Texas extending into the Edwards Plateau in wooded areas and roadsides
with sandy soils (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The specimen
collected from Hunewell Ranch would represent a range extension into the
southwestern WCT.
FAMILY BORAGINACEAE
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst. (TAC 674), an introduced
species originating in Europe, is often found in southeast and east
Texas, the WCT, and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et
al. 2003a). It often occurs on ditch banks, roadsides, and other
disturbed areas (Diggs et al. 1999). Its closest locality to Erath
County is a relatively recent report from Eastland County (McPhail &
Nelson 2005). The presence of this species in Erath County extends its
range northeastward from Eastland County in the WCT.
FAMILY BRASSICACEAE
Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. (TAG 4275) is a native of the
Mediterranean region of Europe. It is a recent introduction to the
United States and has apparently been increasing in abundance (Diggs et
al 1999). It typically ranges across the Blackland Prairie, southeast
and east Texas, and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et
al. 2003). The collection at Hunewell Ranch represents a major range
extension north and west into the southwestern WCT. It is often in great
abundance along the roadsides and disturbed fields in Erath County.
Thalspi arvense L. (Field pennycress; TAC 4278) is a native of
Europe and occurs in the Edwards Plateau and the northeastern portion of
the WCT, often inhabiting various types of soils in disturbed areas
(Diggs et at. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this species
at Hunewell Ranch expands its range into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY CACTACEAE
Mammillaria heyderi Muehlenpf. (Flattened mammillaria; TAC 4279)
typically inhabits limestone soils in prairie habitat and its range
extends across southwest Texas into the Trans Pecos region and from
south Texas, north into the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner
et al. 2003a). The collection of this native cactus at Hunewell Ranch
extends its range into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle; TAC 4281), a native
of Asia, is frequently cultivated and escapes becoming established in
disturbed areas and woodland habitat across southeast and east Texas
into the Rolling Plains and Edwards Plateau regions of Texas (Diggs ct
al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this species at Hunewell
Ranch extends its range into the southwestern WCT. This species could be
problematic as it may become invasive in some ecosystems (Diggs et al.
1999).
FAMILY CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. ex S. Watson (slim-leaf
goosefoot; TAG 4283) is a native forb that occurs mostly across the
western portion of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The
presence of this species at Hunewell Ranch would represent a major range
extension into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. (Cusp dodder; TAC1406) is a native
parasitic plant that occurs in the Edwards Plateau, East Cross Timbers.
Panhandle, and the Rolling Plains regions of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999;
Turner et al. 2003a). The collection of this species at Hunewell Ranch
extends the range of this species into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE
Chamaesyee prostrata (Aiton) Small (Prostrate euphorbia; TAC 4294)
occurs along stream banks, prairies, and disturbed sites in clay soils
throughout most of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The
collection of this native species at Hunewell Ranch extends its range
into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY FABACEAE
Cercis canadensis L. var. canadensis (Eastern redbud; TAC 2375) is
a native shrub or small tree that occurs on sandy or silty soils
predominantly in northeastern Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al.
2003a). Its collection from Hunewell Ranch serves as a major range
extension into the southwestern WCT.
Lathyrus pusillus Elliott (Low peavine; TAC 4301) is a native
legume that occurs in sandy and silty soils mostly in the southern
one-half of Texas and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et
al. 2003a). The presence of this species at Hunewell Ranch extends the
range of this species into the southwestern WCT.
Mimosa strigillosa Torr. & A. Gray (Powderpuff; TAC 4304) is a
native legume that occurs in southeast and east Texas to the coast,
including the sourthern Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et
al. 2003a). The specimen collected from at Hunewell Ranch extends its
range into the southwestern WCT.
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Coffee senna; TAC 4308), a native
legume, occurs from the Edwards Plateau into southeast and east Texas in
disturbed sites (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). Its collection
at Hunewell Ranch extends its range into the WCT.
Vicia saliva L. (Narrow-leaf vetch; TAC 4310; 4312), introduced
from the Mediterranean region of Europe, occurs in disturbed areas and
its range extends from southeast and east Texas into the Edwards Plateau
(Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this species
at Hunewell Ranch and a relatively recent report from Eastland County
(McPhail & Nelson 2005) extends its range into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Phaceliapatuliflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) A. Gray var.
teucrifolia (I.M. Johnst.) Constance (TAC 4313), a native forb, occurs
in open woodlands of southeast Texas extending west and north into the
Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The collection
of this species from Hunewell Ranch would represent the first incidence
of this variety in the WCT.
FAMILY IRIDACEAE
Sisyrinchium pruinosum E.P. Bicknell (Dotted blue-eyed grass; TAC
4314) is a common native plant occurring in prairies and disturbed areas
across southeast and east Texas, the WCT, and the eastern Edwards
Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003b). The presence of this
species at Hunewell Ranch extends the range of this plant into the
southwestern WCT.
FAMILY JUNCACEAE
Juncus bufonius L. (Toad rush; TAC 4317) is widespread, native rush
found in damp soils throughout much of Texas including the Trans-Pecos,
Edwards Plateau, and eastern Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al.
2003b). The collection of this species from Hunewell Ranch extends the
range of this species in the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY LAMIACEAE
Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners (Ozark savory; TAC 2172)
occurs on calcareous outcrops from east Texas, the Lampasas Cut Plain,
and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). Its
collection at Hunewell Ranch would represent the first incidence of this
native species in the WCT.
Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex Barton (Virginia bugleweed; TAC 4324)
is a native mint that occurs in low, wet, moist areas in the Panhandle,
WCT, Lampasas Cut Plain, and the Edwards Plateau (Diggs ct al. 1999;
Turner et al. 2003a). The nearest locality to Erath County reported from
within the WCT is Parker County and its presence at Hunewell Ranch
extends the range of this species southwest into the WCT.
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. var. citriodora (Lemon bee-balm;
TAC 4328) is a native mint that occurs in savannahs, prairies, and
roadsides throughout Texas (Diggs et al. 1999). Turner et al. (2003a)
reports only on a coastal variety, omitting the widespread typical
variety. The specimen collected from Hunewell Ranch confirms the
presence of the typical variety in the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY MALVACEAE
Sida abutifolia Mill. (Spreading sida; TAC 4336) is a widespread
native occurring on rocky prairies, limestone outcrops, and roadsides
across Texas, including the Trans-Pecos, Blackland Prairie, Edwards
Plateau, WCT, and the East Cross Timbers (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et
al. 2003a). Our collection of this species at Hunewell Ranch extends its
range into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY ONAGRACEAE
Gauara longiflora Spach. (Tall guara; TAC 2879), a native forb,
occurs mostly in the eastern one-half of Texas in open, disturbed
habitats (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). Its presence at
Hunewell Ranch would extend its range into the southwestern WCT.
Oenothera triloba W.L. Wagner (Evening-primrose; TAC 4342) is an
endemic preferring open grasslands and disturbed habitat throughout much
of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this
species at Hunewell Ranch expands the range of this species in the
southwestern WCT.
FAMILY RHAMNACEAE
Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch (Supplejack; TAC 4352) inhabits
woodland habitat in the eastern one-half of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999;
Turner et al. 2003a). The presence of this native species at Hunewell
Ranch extends its range into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinus heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britton (Prairie agalinis;
TAC 4357) is a native forb occurring in prairies and open woodlands in
the eastern one-half of Texas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al. 2003a).
The nearest locality to Erath County reported from within the WCT is
Parker County and its presence at Hunewell Ranch extends the range of
this species into the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY TYPHACEAE
Typha latifolia (Cat-tail; TAC 370) ranges across most of Texas,
usually inhabiting low, wet areas (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al.
2003b). Its collection at Hunewell Ranch confirms the presence of this
native species in the southwestern WCT.
FAMILY ULMACEAE
Ulmus americana L. (American elm; TAC 4364) is a native tree that
occurs in stream bottoms across most of Texas with the exclusion of the
southern one-fourth of the state (Diggs et al. 1999; Turner et al.
2003a). The presence of this species in Erath County extends its range
into the southwestern WCT.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Jim Goetze for preparation of the figure and Tarleton
State University Organized Faculty Research and the Department of
Biological Sciences for partial funding of this project. Thanks are
extended to Barney Lipscomb and Bob Lonard for critical reviews that
improved the manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular
plants of Texas. Texas-Research Foundation, Renner, Texas, 1083 pp.
Diggs, G. M., B. L. Lipscomb & R. J. O'Kennon. 1999.
Shinners & Mahler's illustrated flora of North Central Texas.
Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Fort Worth, Texas, 1626 pp.
Dyksterhuis, E. J. 1948. The vegetation of the western cross
timbers. Ecological Monographs, 18:325-376.
Gough, L. C. 1923. The vascular plants of Erath County, not
including Poales. Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Texas,
Arlington, 24 pp.
Hoagland. B. W., I. H. Butler, F. L. Johnson & S. Glenn. 1999.
The Cross Timbers. Pp 231-245, in Savannahs, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop
Plant Communities of North America. (R.C. Anderson, J.S. Fralish and
J.M. Baskin eds.) Cambridge University Press, U.K.. 473 pp.
McPhail, S. & A. D. Nelson. 2005. Range extensions and county
records for angiosperms from the southwestern Cross Timbers in Eastland
County. Texas. Texas J. Sci.. 57(3):211-222.
Parker, J. 2001. Baseline inventory and key to the trees, shrubs,
and woody vines on Tarleton State University's Hunewell Ranch,
Erath County, Texas. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Tarleton State University.
Stephenville, 144 pp.
Poole, J. M, W. R. Carr. D. M, Price & J. R. Singhurst. 2007.
Rare plants of Texas. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University
Press, 640 pp.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2009. Endangered and
threatened plants in Texas and the United States. Austin. Texas.
Available http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/endang
plants/index.phtml. (Accessed: October 7, 2009).
Turner, B. L. H. Nichols, G. Denny & O. Doron. 2003a. Atlas of
the vascular plants of Texas, Volume I. Fort Worth, Texas: Botanical
Research Institute of Texas, 648 pp.
Turner, B. L., H, Nichols, G. Denny & O. Doron. 2003b. Atlas of
the vascular plants of Texas, Volume II. Fort Worth, Texas: Botanical
Research Institute of Texas, 240 pp.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource
Conservation Service. 2009. Texas State-listed Noxious Weeds. The PLANTS
Database, National Plant Data Center. Baton Rouge, LA . Available
http://plants.usda.gov (Accessed October 7, 2009).
Van Auken, O. W. & .J. K. Bush. 1988, Competition between
Schizachyrium scoparhim and Prosopis glandulosa. Amer. J. Bot.. 75
(6):782-789.
Van Auken, O. W. 2000. Shrub invasions of North American scmiarid
grasslands. Ann, Rev. Ecol. Syst., 31:197-215.
Vickery, .J. N. 1991. Juniper invasion of riparian habitats in the
cross timbers of Texas, Unpublished M.S. thesis. Tarleton State
University, Stephenville, TX, 34 pp.
Wagner, B. J., J. R. Thomas, E. R. Harris. E. Deleon, C. G. Ford
& J. D. Kelley. 1973. Soil Survey of Erath County, Texas. USPA, Soil
Conservation Service, 82 pp.
ADN at: nelson@.tarleton.edu
S. Harsley and A. D. Nelson
Department of Biological Sciences, Box T-0100
Tarleton State University
Stephenville, Texas 76402
Table 1. Floral records for Erath County that have also been reported
from bordering counties (Turner et al. 2003a; 2003b) including Bosque
(B), Comanche (C), Eastland (E), Hamilton (Ha), Hood (Ho), Palo Pinto
(P), and Somervell (S). For species that have common names, they are
included in brackets. Plants that are native (N) to Texas, endemic to
Texas (E), and introduced (I) are indicated. Tarleton State University
herbarium (TAC) accession numbers are included.
Family/Species/Common name Bordering Counties N/E/I TAC
Apiaceae
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. C, E, Ha N 4222
[Chervil]
Cymopterus macrorhizus Buckley E, Ha N 3137
[Big-root wavewing]
Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. B, C, E, Ha, P N 4224
Gray [Leavenworth's eryngo]
Sanicula canadensis L. [Canada P N 4225
saniclc]
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link P I 3755
[Hedge-parsley]
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex decidua Walter [Deciduous C, S N 4228
holly]
Asteraceae
Ambrosia psiloslachya DC. [Western B, C, E, Ha, P N 4231
ragweed]
Baccharis texana (Torr. & A. Gray) P N 4233
A. Gray [Prairie baccharis]
Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. C, E, Ha, Ho, P N 4235
[Common least daisy]
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist C, Ho, B N 4237
var. glabrata (A. Gray) Cronquist
[Horseweed]
Grindelia nuda A.W. Wood [Rayless B, C, P N 4245
gumweed]
Helenium elegans D.C. [Sneezeweed] P N 4247
Helianthus annuus L. [Common E, Ha N 4248
sunflower]
Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Her. var. C, E, Ha, P N 4252
corymbosus Torr. & A. Gray) Turner
[Old-plainsman]
Packera tampicana (DC.) C. Jeffrey C, E N 4253
[Yellowtop]
Parthenium hysterophorus L. [ False B, Ha N 4254
ragweed]
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. [Canela] C N 4257
Pyrrhopappus grandiflonts (Nutt.) C, E N 4261
Nutt. [Tuber false dandelion]
Senecio ampullaceus Hook. [Texas C E 4262
groundsel]
Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) P N 4266
Greene
Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. c N 4267
& Hook. ex A. Gray [Cowpen daisy]
Xanthium strumarium L. var. E, P, S N 4268
canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray
[Cocklebur]
Brassicaceae
Lesquerella densiflora (A. Gray) S. B, C, E, Ho, P, S E 1374
Watson [Dense-flower bladderpod]
L. recurvata (Engelm. ex A. Gray) S. B, Ha, Ho, S E 4273
Watson [Slender bladderpod]
Campanulaceae
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. E,Ha N 4280
var. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) T.R.
Bradley [Clasping
venus-looking-glass]
Commelinaceae
Tradescantia occidental is (Britton) C, E, Ha, P N 4284
Smyth [Prairie Spiderwort]
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus equitans Benth. [Gray C, E, Ha, P 1 4288
bindvvced]
Cupressaceae
Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. [Red-berry B,S N 4290
juniper]
Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. C N 4292
indecora [Showy dodder]
Euphorbiaceae
Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelm.) Small Ho N 4293
[Geyer's euphorbia]
Fabaceae
Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Pursh [Golden C, E, Ha, P N 4295
dalea]
D. compacta Spreng. var.pubescens C, E N 2395
(A. Gray) Barneby [Showy
prairie-clover]
D. multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners B, C, E, Ha, Ho N 2408
[Round-head dalea]
D. tenuis (J.M. Coult.) Shinners B, C, Ha, Ho, P E 4297
[Prairie-clover]
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) P N 4299
D.C.
[Panicled tick-clover]
Lespedeza texana Britton [Texas Ho, S N 2449
bush-clover]
Prosopis glandulosa Torr. [Honey C N 4305
mesquite]
Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia strictiflora (Engelm. & A. C, E, Ho, S N 2080
Gray) A. Gray var. lundelliana
Constance
Iridaceae
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Ha N 2094
[Bermuda blue-eyed-grass]
Juglandaceae
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. B N 4316
Koch [Pecan]
Juncaceae
Juncus torreyi Coville [Torrey's C N 4319
rush]
Krameriaceae
Krameria lanceolata Torr. [Trailing B, E, Ha, P N 4322
ratany]
Lamiaceae
Monarda fistulosa L. var. mollis P N 4331
(L.) Benth. [Wild bergamot]
Lentibulariaceae
Urticularia gibba L. [Cone-spur P N 4332
bladderwort]
Liliaceae
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton C, E, Ha, S N 4333
[Crow-poison]
Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl E N 4337
[Linear-leaf four-o-clock]
Oleaceae
Forestiera pubescens Nutt. var. B, Ho, P N 4338
pubescens [Spring-herald]
Onagraceae
Gauara brachycarpa Small [Plains Ho N 4340
gauara]
Papaveraceae
Argemone albiflora Hornem. subsp. s N 4343
texana G.B. Ownbey [White
prickly-poppy]
Polygonaceac
Eriogonum annuum Nutt. [Annual wild C, E, P N 4347
buckwheat]
Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum C N 4346
Michx. [Water smartweed]
Ranunculaceae
Anemone berlandieri PritZ. B, E. Ha, S N 4350
[Ten-petal anemone]
Ranunculus sceleratus L. [Blister Ha N 4351
buttercup]
Rosaceae
Rubus oklahomus L.H. Bailey P N 4355
[Dewberry]
Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon lanugisonum Michx. B,C N 4356
subsp. oblongifolium (Nutt.) T.D,
Perm. [Chittamwood]
Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja indivisa Engelm. [Texas Ha N 4359
paintbrush]
Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. P, S N 4360
[Narrow-leaf conobea]
Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. B, C, P, S N 4358
Sutton [Texas toad-flax]
Solanaceae
Datura wrightii Regel [Sacred Ha, Ho N 4362
datura]
Urticaceae
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex S N 4366
Willd. var. pensylvanica
[Pennsylvania pellitory]
Verbenaceae
Verbena canescens Kunth [Gray C, Ha, S N 4367
vervain]
Viscaceae
Phorodendron tomentosum (DC.) C N 4370
Engelm. ex A. Gray [Mistletoe]
Vitaceae
Cissus incisa Des Moul. [Cowitch] Ho, S N 4372