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7285694 |
Thermobaric molecular fractionation
Systems and methods for converting organic material into commercially viable products, such as burnable low sulfur engine fuels. The system of the present invention includes an anaerobic stripping...
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6936159 |
Process for recovering hydrocarbons from a carbon containing material
A process for recovering hydrocarbons from coal or oil shale is disclosed. The process involves the steps of forming a pulp of finely divided coal or oil shale in a first reaction bed, adding...
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6060631 |
Process for the conversion of plastic to produce a synthetic crude oil
A process for the conversion of plastic to produce a synthetic crude oil by means of separating a liquefied plastic into a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction containing...
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5917102 |
Device for depolymerizing used and waste plastics
The invention relates to a device for depolymerizing used and waste plastics, comprising a closed reactor and a circulation system the mildly heating of the reactor contents connected to the...
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5573556 |
Conversion of solid carbonaceous material using polyoxoanions
A process for the conversion of solid carbonaceous materials, such as coal, to liquid products using one or more polyoxoanions selected from those represented by: [(C n H 2n +1) 4 N] a M b O...
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5364996 |
Partial oxidation of scrap rubber tires and used motor oil
Scrap rubber automobile tires, oil soluble plastics, as well as waste motor oil are disposed of by the process of the subject invention without polluting the nation's environment. Further, useful...
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5338442 |
Process for converting and upgrading organic resource materials in aqueous environments
The invention is a process for the aqueous conversion and upgrading of organic resource materials carried out by contacting organic resource materials selected from the group consisting of coal,...
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5332489 |
Hydroconversion process for a carbonaceous material
This invention relates to a process for converting a carbonaceous material to a liquid product using a hydrogen donor solvent. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for...
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5277796 |
Pretreating oil shale with organic acid to increase retorting yield and process efficiency
A process for pretreating oil shale prior to retorting by contacting with an organic acid, such as formic and acetic acids, at temperatures below about 100° C. for a period of time sufficient to...
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5266189 |
Integrated low severity alcohol-base coal liquefaction process
An improved, low severity coal liquefaction process is disclosed. In accordance with the process, coal is first decarboxylated and demineralized with hot sulfurous acid. The decarboxylated coal is...
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5228982 |
Liquefaction of decarboxylated carbonaceous solids
A composition consisting essentially of a carbonaceous solid containing at least one carboxyl group is heated with subcritical liquid water at decarboxylation conditions including a temperature of...
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5071540 |
Coal hydroconversion process comprising solvent extraction and combined hydroconversion and upgrading
An improved process for the hydroconversion of coal comprising pretreating coal in an aqeuous carbon monoxide-containing environment, followed by extracting a soluble hydrocarbon material from the...
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5026475 |
Coal hydroconversion process comprising solvent extraction (OP-3472)
An improved process for the hydroconversion of coal comprising pretreating coal in an aqueous carbon monoxide-containing environment, followed by extracting a soluble hydrocarbon material from the...
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5015366 |
Process and apparatus for coal hydrogenation
In a coal liquefaction process an aqueous slurry of coal is prepared containing a dissolved liquefaction catalyst. A small quantity of oil is added to the slurry and then coal-oil agglomerates are...
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5013428 |
Recovery of oil from a shale containing the same
Enhanced recovery of oil from an oil-containing particulate shale sludge is achieved by contacting the sludge with a light hydrocarbon solvent fraction, obtained from the processing of oil derived...
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4983278 |
Pyrolysis methods with product oil recycling
A two step retorting process for pyrolyzing a solid feed selected from the group consisting of oil shale, tar sand, waste motor oil, and scrap tires to recover valuable products therefrom...
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4944866 |
Process for the hydrogenation of coal
A process for the hydrogenation of coal which entails slurrying pulverized coal with oil, hydrogenating the mixture at an elevated temperature and pressure and separating the liquid and solid...
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4917791 |
Process and catalysts for hydroconversion of coal or petroleum asphaltene to distillate liquids
A two-stage catalytic hydroconversion process using a large-pore catalyst in the first stage reactor and a small-pore catalyst in the second stage reactor in the two-stage process for...
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4909928 |
Coating of solid carbonaceous material with hydrocarbon liquid in process utilizing water containing system for receiving such carbonaceous material therethrough
A process is provided wherein a carbonaceous material, such as oil shale, is coated with a hydrocarbon liquid, such as shale oil, prior to introduction of the carbonaceous material to a water...
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4879021 |
Hydrogenation of coal and subsequent liquefaction of hydrogenated undissolved coal
A process for the hydrogenation of undissolved coal and subsequent liquefaction of the hydrogenated coal particles to provide useful hydrocarbon liquid products including naphtha, gasoline and...
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4846963 |
Ionic liquefaction process
A coal liquefaction process using ionic liquefaction techniques with polar solvent solubilizing agents and water soluble inorganic compounds, produces a carbonaceous liquefaction product which is...
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4764270 |
Simultaneous upgrading of tar sand bitumen and coal by corefining
An improved tar sands derived bitumen and coal liquification process is disclosed wherein substantial percentages of subdivided coal particles and tar sands derived bitumen liquids are mixed and...
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4740294 |
Method for sequentially co-processing heavy hydrocarbon and carbonaceous materials
A method for sequentially co-processing heavy hydrocarbon materials and carbonaceous materials comprising first subjecting the heavy hydrocarbon material in the presence of a disposable metal...
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4698149 |
Enhanced recovery of hydrocarbonaceous fluids oil shale
The present invention relates to a novel method for improving the recovery of hydrocarbon fluids from oil shale. The method comprises treating a mixture of oil shale and hydrocarbon fluid at a...
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4689139 |
Process for the hydrogenation of coal
In a process for hydrogenation of coal, comprising a sequence of reaction steps, connected in series, in which finely divided coal is mixed with oil and pumped to pressure, subsequently is heated...
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4675102 |
Process for producing a diesel fuel from medium heavy oil obtained from coal
The invention provides an improvement to a process for producing a diesel fuel from a medium heavy oil obtained from coal. The invention increases the amount of medium oil which can be used to...
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4664788 |
Multi-stage coal liquefaction and fractionation method
A multi-stage coal liquefaction method in which coal is slurried with a primary light solvent, such as toluene, hexane and/or cyclohexane, and a process-derived primary heavy solvent. The...
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4629554 |
Coal liquefaction with coal tar solvent
A method of liquefying coal in which coal is mixed with a process solvent comprising at least partially hydrogenated coal tar material to produce a coal-solvent slurry. This slurry is treated under...
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4627913 |
Catalytic coal liquefaction with treated solvent and SRC recycle
A process for the solvent refining of coal to distillable, pentane soluble products using a dephenolated and denitrogenated recycle solvent and a recycled, pentane-insoluble, solvent-refined coal...
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4617105 |
Coal liquefaction process using pretreatment with a binary solvent mixture
An improved process for thermal solvent refining or hydroliquefaction of non-anthracitic coal at elevated temperatures under hydrogen pressure in a hydrogen donor solvent comprises pretreating the...
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4587005 |
Process for beneficiating Rundle oil-shale
Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from Rundle oil-shale by contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0°...
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4544476 |
Coal liquefaction and hydrogenation
In a two-stage liquefaction, hydrogenated 850° F.+ residuum from the second stage is used in formulating the first stage liquefaction solvent.
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4541913 |
Process for hydrocracking supercritical gas extracts of carbonaceous material
The present invention relates to a process for hydrocracking SGE of carbonaceous material to produce light distillate, including chemical feedstocks and transport fuels. A mixture of crushed coal...
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4539093 |
Extraction process and apparatus for hydrocarbon containing ores
There is provided a hydrocarbon extraction process and apparatus for removing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon containing ore such as a diatomite ore. The ore is preprocessed to the extent required...
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4536278 |
Shale oil stabilization with a hydrogen donor quench
A process is provided to produce and stabilize shale oil. In the process, raw oil shale is retorted with heat carrier material to liberate an effluent product stream comprising hydrocarbons and...
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4533460 |
Oil shale extraction process
Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from oil shale and other solids containing organic matter by passing a liquid organic solvent downwardly through an extraction zone in contact with said solids at...
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4521291 |
Coal extraction
Coal is extracted using a mixed solvent which includes a substantially aromatic component and a substantially naphthenic component, at a temperature of 400° to 500° C. Although neither component...
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4518480 |
Process for the efficient utilization of solvent modified oil shales
A combination process for the treatment of oil shale to recover hydrocarbonaceous material therefrom comprising the steps of solvent treating said oil shale, sequentially solvent extracting said...
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4510038 |
Coal liquefaction using vacuum distillation and an external residuum feed
A process for liquefying coal in which a slurry comprising a petroleum or petroleum-derived solvent and particulate coal is heated in a dissolution zone to substantially dissolve the coal and...
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4495057 |
Combination thermal and solvent extraction oil recovery process and apparatus
A combination process disclosed utilizes a thermal (pyrolysis) operation (12) and solvent extraction operation (11) that operate simultaneously on an infeed of crushed tar sand (13). In a heat...
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4490213 |
Coal conversion processes
Coal is processed sequentially over a range of temperatures up to a maximum of 750° F. and preferably considerably less to obtain a clean burning coke, refinable petroleum and bitumen products,...
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4475924 |
Coal derived fuel composition and method of manufacture
Coal char produced by the pyrolytic destructive thermal distillation of coal in the absence of oxygen is beneficiated, ground and sized and then is admixed in suitable portions with a liquid...
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4470900 |
Solids precipitation and polymerization of asphaltenes in coal-derived liquids
The precipitation and removal of particulate solids from coal-derived liquids by adding a process-derived anti-solvent liquid fraction and continuing the precipitation process at a temperature...
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4460452 |
Process for separating crude oil from mixtures comprising finely divided inorganic solids, crude oil, and water
A process for separating crude oil from a mixture comprising crude oil, finely divided organic solids and water by contacting the mixture with a solvent and a solvent vapor stream in a first...
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4455215 |
Process for the geoconversion of coal into oil
A process for the geoconversion of coal into oil comprising the steps of forming a coal slurry, injecting the coal slurry into a preselected oil well to provide an environment for the coal slurry...
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4455217 |
Retorting process
Fines in the overhead vapors from an oil shale retort process in which fresh shale together with hot recycle combusted shale from a combustor are fed to a retort and at least partly fluidized by a...
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4451351 |
Method of liquefaction of carbonaceous materials
Hydrocarbon liquids are obtained from carbonaceous materials, such as coal, by contacting the carbonaceous materials with a metal carbonyl or a low valent complex of the transition metals and water...
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4448669 |
Hydrocarbon recovery from diatomite
Supercritical extraction of diatomaceous earth results in a much more significant improvement in hydrocarbon recovery over Fischer retorting than achievable with tar sands. Process and apparatus...
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4448667 |
Process for solvent extraction of bitumen from oil sand
A continuous process for extraction of bitumen from oil sand by a hydrocarbon solvent wherein the sand is classified so as to produce a major coarse fraction and a minor fines fraction, with both...
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4447310 |
Production of distillates by the integration of supercritical extraction and gasification through methanol to gasoline
A process for producing a wide slate of fuel products from coal is provided by integrating a methanol-to-gasoline conversion process with coal liquefaction and coal gasification. The coal...
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