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7459065 |
Hydrogen generator photovoltaic electrolysis reactor system
An apparatus for creating hydrogen from the disassociation of water using sunlight (photoelectrolysis) is provided. The system utilizes an aqueous fluid filled container which functions both to...
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7442287 |
Material surface treatment method using concurrent electrical, vibrational and photonic stimulation
A method of preparing a material surface, such as palladium, to facilitate desirable reactions, especially exothermic reactions in a liquid medium, involves placing the material whose surface is to...
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7318888 |
Method of photoelectrolysis
A method for the photoelectrolysis of a liquid or gaseous species, comprises irradiating an ion exchange membrane of a membrane electrode assembly, wherein the membrane is an optically transparent...
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7279077 |
Method of forming a chemical composition
A method of forming a chemical composition such as a chemical hydride is described and which includes the steps of selecting a composition having chemical bonds and which is capable of forming a...
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7037414 |
Photoelectrolysis of water using proton exchange membranes
A photoelectrochemical cell which includes a light transmissive enclosure, a semiconductor photoanode disposed within the light transmissive enclosure, a semiconductor photocathode disposed within...
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6203985 |
Bio-molecule analyzer with photosensitive material and fabrication
A bio-molecule analyzer includes an array of addressable light sources, a photoconductive layer of material having a layer of electrically conductive material on a surface thereof mounted on the...
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6146518 |
Pressure differential control in an electrolytic cell
An improved process for providing hydrogen from an electrolytic cell having an anolyte solution having an anolyte liquid level; a catholyte solution having a catholyte liquid level; generating...
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5810989 |
Photoelectric synthesis of DNA or protein probe arrays
A method of photoelectro-synthesizing probe arrays including the steps of providing a photoconductive layer of material having a layer of electrically conductive material on a first surface thereof...
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5785768 |
Photo cells, photo cell arrays, and electrolytic devices using these cells and arrays
A photo cell and a photo cell array which have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, little leakage current, long life, and high reliability, as well as a electrolytic device that employs the...
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5723029 |
Photo-electric chemical apparatus using carbon cluster electrode
A photo-electric chemical apparatus comprising an electrolyte, a first electrode having an n-type semiconductor member disposed to be in touch with the electrolyte and a second electrode having a...
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5709791 |
Method for producing oxygen and hydrogen
There are provided a method of producing a hydrogen halide and oxygen by reacting water with a halogen using activated carbon as a catalyst, a method of producing hydrogen by thermal decomposition...
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5695628 |
Method of use of an aluminum foil
The use of an aluminum foil is proposed for the chemical reduction of fluid and/or gas-like components, like CO 2 , and/or as a detector for electromagnetic radiation, e.g., in the ultra-violet...
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5380409 |
Field-assisted combustion synthesis
A method of combustion synthesis is provided wherein a relatively low field or voltage is applied to a precursor material prior to ignition. The field is at a voltage level effective to energize...
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5308454 |
Reactor process using metal oxide ceramic membranes
A reaction vessel for use in photoelectrochemical reactions includes as its reactive surface a metal oxide porous ceramic membrane of a catalytic metal such as titanium. The reaction vessel...
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5219671 |
Hydrogen generation and utility load leveling system and the method therefor
Disclosed are an apparatus and method for the electrolytic, thermal, and photolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen. In the first step of the cycle a concentrated hydrohalic acid solution is...
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5186794 |
Alkali metal hydroxide generation system and the method therefor
Disclosed are both an apparatus and method for the radiation-augmented electrolytic production of alkali metal hydroxide, molecular halogen, and hydrogen. Reduction of electrical energy...
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5022970 |
Photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon oxides
A process for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO 2 and/or CO to gaseous hydrocarbons, predominately methane, in a liquid aqueous containing electrolyte dispersion of semiconductors in the...
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4957610 |
Generation of hydrogen and oxygen
Hydrogen and oxygen are generated by directing the output of a solar-pumped laser through a beam expander and a frequency multiplier to increase the frequency of the laser beam to the ultraviolet...
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4841731 |
Electrical energy production apparatus
A solar-powered system for supplying large quantitites of usable power consists of an array of photo-voltaic cells which drive an electrolysis generator in which water is converted into oxygen and...
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4793910 |
Multielectrode photoelectrochemical cell for unassisted photocatalysis and photosynthesis
A multielectrode photoelectrochemical cell in which at least contains two bipolar electrode panels for photoelectrochemical reactions such as water photolysis to produce H 2 O 2 without external...
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4790916 |
One-unit photo-activated electrolyzer
A photo-activated semiconductor device is adapted to be exposed to light energy. Two physically separated electrocatalysts are placed in electrical contact with the photo-activated semiconductor...
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4656103 |
Liquid junction photoelectrodes using amorphous silicon-based thin film semiconductor
An amorphous silicon semiconductor alloy having multiple layers is used to form a photoelectrode (either a photoanode or a photocathode) for use in a photoelectrochemical cell for the...
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4650554 |
Photoelectrolysis method and means
An integrated photoelectrolytic apparatus for catalyzing the photodecomposition of a liquid electrolyte, such as water, into its gaseous decomposition products includes a photovoltaic section...
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4643817 |
Photocell device for evolving hydrogen and oxygen from water
A photocell device for evolving hydrogen and oxygen from water using solar radiation is formed with a plurality of p-n junctions. A transparent ohmic window is disposed at the p-n junctions to...
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4632736 |
Electrolytic preparation of tin
Electrolytic processes for the growth of single crystal tin or other elemental or compound cystals, with or without the use of a substrate. Cubic forms of alpha-tin and tetragonal forms of beta-tin...
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4620906 |
Means and method for reducing carbon dioxide to provide formic acid
A process and apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide to formic acid includes two redox couple electrolyte solutions separated by a first membrane having photosensitizers. The carbon dioxide to be...
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4617090 |
Process for producing peracids from aliphatic hydroxy carboxylic acids
A process for producing peracids from lactic acid-containing solutions derived from biomass processing systems comprising: adjusting the pH of the solution to about 8-9 and removing alkaline...
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4609451 |
Means for reducing carbon dioxide to provide a product
A process and apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide to at least one useful product includes two redox couple electrolyte solutions separated by a first membrane having photosensitizers. The carbon...
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4595465 |
Means and method for reducing carbn dioxide to provide an oxalate product
A process and apparatus for converting metallic elements to metallic oxalates in the presence of carbon dioxide includes two redox couple electrolyte solutions separated by a first membrane having...
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4545872 |
Method for reducing carbon dioxide to provide a product
A process and apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide to at least one useful product includes two redox couple electrolyte solutions separated by a first membrane having photosensitizers. The carbon...
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4528252 |
Light energy conversion system
A semiconductor photoelectric conversion structure having a PIN junction is assembled as a unitary structure with a redox chamber, with the P (or N) type semiconductor layer of the former being...
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4522695 |
Vapor phase hydrogen generator
A hydrogen and oxygen generator having photoreceptors supported in a hydrophilic foam. The photoreceptors produce an electric current when exposed to sunlight. Water vapor present inside the...
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4505787 |
Process for production of a carbide by-product with microwave energy and aluminum by electrolysis
Means and method for utilizing radiated electromagnetic energy to elevate at least one of two or more reactants 16 to a temperature at which a chemical reaction will take place so as to provide a...
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4472260 |
Light driven hydrogen oxygen generator
A light driven hydrogen oxygen generator in which a hydrogel coating is polymerized over photoreceptors allowing the electrolyte to reach the surface of the photoreceptor and protect the...
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4466869 |
Photolytic production of hydrogen
Disclosed is a photolytic device comprising a photoelectrode having a plurality of stacked, individual photoelectric or photovoltaic elements between a substrate and an electrode, a...
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4461691 |
Organic conductive films for semiconductor electrodes
According to the present invention, improved electrodes overcoated with conductive polymer films and preselected catalysts are provided. The electrodes typically comprise an inorganic semiconductor...
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4439301 |
Photoelectrochemical cells including chalcogenophosphate photoelectrodes
Photoelectrochemical cells employing chalcogenophosphate (MPX 3 ) photoelectrodes are disclosed, where M is selected from the group of transition metal series of elements beginning with scandium...
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4437954 |
Fuels production by photoelectrolysis of water and photooxidation of soluble biomass materials
A process and apparatus for production of fuels by photoelectrolysis of water and photooxidation of water soluble biomass and a process for preparation of Schottky-type metalized, appropriately...
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4427749 |
Product intended to be used as a photocatalyst, method for the preparation of such product and utilization of such product
The product is in the form of discrete particles or in the form of a layer comprising an electrode. It consists of a semi-conductor material subject to photo-corrosion, for example, cadmium...
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4414080 |
Photoelectrochemical electrodes
The surface (20) of a moderate band gap semiconductor (12) such as p-type molybdenum sulfide is modified to contain an adherent film (24) of charge mediating ionene polymer containing an...
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4401371 |
Hydrogel oxygen generator with improved fluid flow
A contact lens concave-convex in form made of a transparent, optically clear hydrogel polymer containing micro-photoelectrolysis elements to produce hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water...
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4389290 |
Use of electrocatalytic anodes in photolysis
A photolytic system comprised of a darkened halfcell and an illuminated halfcell in which oxidation and reduction reactions are made to occur. These halfcells are joined by an electrically...
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4381978 |
Photoelectrochemical system and a method of using the same
A photoelectrochemical system for conducting endoergic chemical processes driven by light energy. This system consists essentially of an illuminated halfcell and a darkened halfcell joined via...
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4379740 |
Photoassisted generation of hydrogen from water
Hydrogen is generated from water containing acid by passing electric current through it, using as the cathode a semiconductor exposed to light and having a transition metal metallocenophane...
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4371431 |
Photoelectrochemical generation of thallium(III)
Thallium(III) is produced in solution using a photoelectrochemical cell which has an externally electrically interconnected semiconductor photoelectrode and counter electrode. A conductive solution...
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4352722 |
Integrated photovoltaic electrolytic cell
A photovoltaic-electrolytic unit is provided to produce an electric current from solar energy and utilize the current to produce hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The unit floats in an aqueous...
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4345982 |
Process for the production of hydrogen utilizing a photogalvanic effect of a polyacid ion
A process for the production of hydrogen is disclosed. This process utilizes a photogalvanic effect of a polyacid ion and comprises immersing an anode into an aqueous solution of an alkylammonium...
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4324624 |
Method for the activation of a composition for fused bath electrolysis
An electrolyte, containing alkali halide, is physically transformed by means of activation-triggering energy falling within a continuum of parameters defining threshold and maximum limits. The...
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4313425 |
Spectral convertor
A spectral converter which is to be used to produce chemical reactions. Full spectrum solar radiation is received, concentrated and directed into a blackbody collector. The collector converts the...
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4310405 |
Device for the photoelectrochemical generation of hydrogen at p-type semiconductor electrodes
A device having a p-type electrode comprising InP or Si and an electrolyte comprising a redox couple and a hydrogen catalyst evolves hydrogen at the p-type electrode when illuminated.
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