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7585652 |
Recovery of inorganic salt during processing of lignocellulosic feedstocks
A method for recovering inorganic salt during processing of a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The method comprises pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock by adding an acid to the...
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7514552 |
Cellulose powder
A cellulose powder which has an average degree of polymerization of 150 to 450, an average particle diameter of 30 to 250 μm, an apparent specific volume exceeding 7 cm 3 /g, and a retention of...
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7507391 |
Process and apparatus for the production of sulphur oxides
Sulphur oxides are generated from a liquid stream of hydrogen sulphide by feeding the liquid stream to a vacuum stripper where the stream is contacted with a stripping gas including steam under...
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7503981 |
Removal of minerals from cellulosic biomass
Disclosed is a method for removing minerals from a cellulosic biomass. For example, the biomass may be prewashed with an acid solution and rinsed with water to remove minerals prior to acid...
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7501025 |
Process and apparatus for the conversion of biomass
The invention is directed to a process for the conversion of cellulosic biomass, in particular lignocellulose-containing biomass into fermentable sugars. The invention is further directed to...
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7455997 |
Production of fermentation product
A process of producing fermentation product comprising the steps of, (i) forming an acidified suspension of particulate plant derived material comprising a first polysaccharide which is more...
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7442359 |
Recovery of sulphuric acid
The invention is directed to a process for the recovery of sulphuric acid from a mixture comprising sulphuric acid and hydrocarbons, in particular carbohydrates. In accordance with the present...
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7238242 |
Process for carrying out pre-hydrolysis of a biomass
A process wherein biomass is compacted at 300 kg/m 3 by a helical feeder, degassed, flooded, heated, stirred, and pre-hydrolyzed. The sugar being recovered at a first washing within the reactor...
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6916369 |
Beneficiated water reducing compositions
Exemplary compositions comprise at least one aldopentonic acid, such as xylonic acid; and further comprise a lignin, a lignosulfonic acid or its salt, an additional sugar acid such as a aldohexonic...
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6830613 |
Method of manufacturing a sugar-inorganic hybrid composite
A biodegradable sugar-inorganic hybrid composite comprising a sugar or a sugar derivative uniformly dispersed in a matrix of an inorganic oxide, of which degradation products are suitable for...
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6692578 |
Hydrolysis of biomass material
A method for selective hydrolysis of the hemicellulose component of a biomass material. The selective hydrolysis produces water-soluble small molecules, particularly monosaccharides. One embodiment...
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6660506 |
Ethanol production with dilute acid hydrolysis using partially dried lignocellulosics
A process of converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, comprising hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials by subjecting dried lignocellulosic material in a reactor to a catalyst comprised of a...
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6632286 |
Cross-flow process for the production of decomposable soluble products from a slurry of solids
A process is described for the production of decomposable soluble products from a slurry of solids in which the slurry is convey axially through the reactor and excess liquid is removed radially...
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6620292 |
Cellulose production from lignocellulosic biomass
A multi-function process is described for the separation of cellulose fibers from the other constituents of lignocellulosic biomass such as found in trees, grasses, agricultural waste, and waste...
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6512110 |
Process for the production of xylose from a paper-grade hardwood pulp
The invention relates to a process for the production of xylose from a paper-grade hardwood pulp comprising the steps of extracting xylan contained in said pulp into a liquid phase, subjecting the...
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6423145 |
Dilute acid/metal salt hydrolysis of lignocellulosics
A modified dilute acid method of hydrolyzing the cellulose and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic material under conditions to obtain higher overall fermentable sugar yields than is obtainable using...
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6419828 |
Method for the separation of acid from sugars
A method for separating acid and sugars obtained from liquids resulting from the acid hydrolysis of a material containing at least one of cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed, comprising adding...
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6419788 |
Method of treating lignocellulosic biomass to produce cellulose
A multi-function process is described for the separation of cellulose fibers from the other constituents of lignocellulosic biomass such as found in trees, grasses, agricultural waste, and waste...
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6409841 |
Process for the production of organic products from diverse biomass sources
Disclosed are processes and systems for the production of useful organic product from diverse lignocellulose-containing biomass having increased yield and efficiency over existing processes. In...
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6258175 |
Method to produce fermentable sugars from a lignocellulose material
A method is presented that will produce fermentable sugars from a lignocellulose material employing concentrated sulfuric acid to dissolve cellulose and hemicellulose in a lignocellulose material...
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6228213 |
Production of microcrystalline cellulose by reactive extrusion
This process involves feeding cellulose into an extruder with an acid solution. The extruder is comprised of a screw and a barrel. The screw is rotated so as to pressurize the cellulose, and the...
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6228177 |
Aqueous fractionation of biomass based on novel carbohydrate hydrolysis kinetics
A multi-function process for hydrolysis and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass to separate hemicellulosic sugars from other biomass components comprising extractives and proteins; a portion...
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6110323 |
Methods of refining agricultural residues to absorbent cellulose, xylose, and plant nutrient liquor, and products produced by such methods
A method of creating a number of separate product streams from an agricultural waste material, comprising: providing a starting material consisting of an agricultural waste material; hydrolyzing...
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6090595 |
Pretreatment process for conversion of cellulose to fuel ethanol
An improved pretreatment of cellulosic feedstocks, to enable economical ethanol production by enzyme treatment. The improved pretreatment comprises choosing either a feedstock with a ratio of...
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6086681 |
Method for recovery of xylose from solutions
The invention relates to a method for the recovery of xylose from xylose-containing aqueous solutions containing 30-60% by weight of xylose on dissolved solids, in which method the solution is...
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6022419 |
Hydrolysis and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass
A multi-function process is described for the hydrolysis and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass to separate hemicellulosic sugars from other biomass components such as extractives and...
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6007636 |
Method to recycle an aqueous acidic liquor used for depolymerization of cellulose
A method to recycle aqueous acidic liquor used to form depolymerized cellulose and hemicellulose accompanying cellulose, contained in biomass, by hydrolysis in the aqueous acidic liquor. Cellulose...
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6004616 |
Biodegradable vegetable film
There is disclosed a process for production of water-soluble vegetable fibers in a high yield with minimizing contamination of protein or amino acids resulting from degradation of protein by...
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5888307 |
Method and means for hydrolysis of organic materials
Hydrolyzing organic waste material in a multi-stage reactor comprising a heated first stage, a further heated second stage, a still further heated third stage, and a fourth stage, with a valved...
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5879463 |
Process for rapid acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and hydrolysis reactor
The present invention relates to a continuous process for acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material through which the delignification and saccharification operations are carried out in a single...
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5876505 |
Method of producing glucose from papermaking sludge using concentrated or dilute acid hydrolysis
Glucose is obtained from papermaking sludge by first removing calcium carbonate from the sludge to produce a mixture substantially depleted of calcium and containing cellulose; and then hydrolyzing...
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5865898 |
Methods of biomass pretreatment
The invention is directed to methods for the pretreatment of a lignocellulose-containing biomass. Pretreatment comprises the addition of calcium hydroxide and water to the biomass to form a...
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5846333 |
Method of producing fructose syrup from agave plants
A pulp of milled agave plant heads are liquified during centrifugation and a polyfructose solution is removed and then concentrated to produce a polyfructose concentrate. Small particulates are...
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5820687 |
Method of separating acids and sugars using ion resin separation
A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass...
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5782982 |
Method of removing silica or silicates from solids resulting from the strong acid hydrolysis of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials
A method of removing silica or silicates from solids results from the acid hydrolysis of materials containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The method includes the steps of treating the...
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5739015 |
Biotransformation of chitin to chitosan
An Alcaligenes bacterium has been isolated from municipal sewage that contains a chitin deacetylase that can deacetylate chitin to chitosan.
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5730837 |
Method of separating lignocellulosic material into lignin, cellulose and dissolved sugars
A method for separating lignocellulosic material into (a) lignin, (b) cellulose, and (c) hemicellulose and dissolved sugars. Wood or herbaceous biomass is digested at elevated temperature in a...
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5726046 |
Method of producing sugars using strong acid hydrolysis
A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass...
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5711817 |
Method for the continuous conversion of cellulosic material to sugar
Cellulosic material is converted to ethanol by hydrolyzing the cellulosic material in a gravity pressure vessel (50), and fermenting the product thereof. The gravity pressure vessel (50) employed...
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5705369 |
Prehydrolysis of lignocellulose
The invention relates to the prehydrolysis of lignocellulose by passing an acidic or alkaline solution through solid lignocellulosic particles with removal of soluble components as they are formed....
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5705216 |
Production of hydrophobic fibers
A woody or non-woody biomass is delignified through continuous extrusion technology, utilizing high-pressure steam to break down complex biomass materials. The process is useful to form a...
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5693296 |
Calcium hydroxide pretreatment of biomass
Lignocellulose-containing materials are treated with lime (calcium hydroxide) and water at a relatively high temperature and for a certain period of time under certain conditions. The process...
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5628830 |
Enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass material
A method of producing sugars and converting the sugars to ethanol in which particulate biomass resulting from hydrolysis of the hemicellulosic content of the biomass is subjected to enzymatic...
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5620877 |
Method of fermenting sugars resulting from strong acid hydrolysis
An economically viable method of fermenting a mixture of sugars resulting from the acid hydrolysis of material containing cellulose and hemicellulose allows for the simultaneous fermentation of...
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5597714 |
Strong acid hydrolysis of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials
A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass...
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5580389 |
Method of separating acids and sugars resulting from strong acid hydrolysis
A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass...
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5569483 |
Degraded polysaccharide derivatives
A degradation product of a polysaccharide derivative comprising a mixture of oligomers of the polysaccharide derivative, the majority of said oligomers having a molecular weight such that the...
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5543162 |
Polymeric capsules, method of making the same, and foodstuffs containing the same
An insoluble polymeric capsule comprising at least two polymeric components, wherein one of said components is a hydrophilic colloid, and another of said components comprises a degradation product...
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5536325 |
Method of treating biomass material
Two stage hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, conditions during the first stage being such as to hydrolyze or depolymerize the hemicellulosic component without substantial degradation of...
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5454911 |
Apparatus for hydrolyzing and drying lignocellulosic material
An energy efficient process for hydrolyzing lignocellulosic materials which comprises using a primary system by providing a start-up energy input to operating saturated steam conditions and...
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