Hammer forging device
United States Patent 3908434
A forging device for forging a variety of cross sectional profiles preferably of rod material so that the material can be deformed between hammers and pressure surfaces. The hammers are inclined at right angles toward each other wherein the axis of the work piece lies in a vertical symmetric plane between the two hammers. The hammers are connected at the ends of a pair of arms having their opposite ends pivoted to the ends of a lever. At the center of the lever is mounted an eccentric drive shaft for moving the arms and the hammers respectively. Each of the arms is further pivoted on an eccentric axis which is adjustable so that the displacement of the hammers can be controlled.
US Patent References:
Speed hammer swaging machine
Brignoli - April 1966 - 3246502
Forging machine
Ribback - August 1968 - 3395563
SWAGING MACHINE FOR A CONTINUOUS SWAGING OF ROD-SHAPED WORKPIECES
Blaimschein - September 1972 - 3690142
Speed hammer swaging machine
Brignoli - April 1966 - 3246502
Forging machine
Ribback - August 1968 - 3395563
SWAGING MACHINE FOR A CONTINUOUS SWAGING OF ROD-SHAPED WORKPIECES
Blaimschein - September 1972 - 3690142
Application Number:
05/454518
Publication Date:
09/30/1975
Filing Date:
03/25/1974
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
72/403, 72/452.500
International Classes:
B21J7/14; B21J7/00; B21J7/20
Field of Search:
72/400,402,403,452,407
Primary Examiner:
Larson, Lowell A.
Assistant Examiner:
Crosby, Gene P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Collard, Allison C.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A forging device for forging a variety of cross sectional profiles preferably from rod material which is deformed between hammer and pressure surfaces comprising two hammers inclined at right angles toward each other, a common drive means for driving the hammers against forging supports, and carrier means for guiding the hammers linearly against the forging supports, linear guides inclined at right angles to each other for guiding said carrier means, rotatable shaft bodies for moving the inclined hammers, and wherein said common drive means comprises arm levers each pivotably mounted on an eccentric pivot shaft, the ends of said levers moving said hammers toward the forging supports.
2. The forging device as recited in claim 1 wherein each of said arm levers includes bearings and adjustment means coupled to said bearings for independently adjusting the eccentricity of said arm levers.
3. The forging device as recited in claim 1 wherein said common drive means comprises eccentrics mounted on a drive shaft operative to said arm levers respectively.
1. A forging device for forging a variety of cross sectional profiles preferably from rod material which is deformed between hammer and pressure surfaces comprising two hammers inclined at right angles toward each other, a common drive means for driving the hammers against forging supports, and carrier means for guiding the hammers linearly against the forging supports, linear guides inclined at right angles to each other for guiding said carrier means, rotatable shaft bodies for moving the inclined hammers, and wherein said common drive means comprises arm levers each pivotably mounted on an eccentric pivot shaft, the ends of said levers moving said hammers toward the forging supports.
2. The forging device as recited in claim 1 wherein each of said arm levers includes bearings and adjustment means coupled to said bearings for independently adjusting the eccentricity of said arm levers.
3. The forging device as recited in claim 1 wherein said common drive means comprises eccentrics mounted on a drive shaft operative to said arm levers respectively.
Description:
The present invention relates to a forging device for forging all types of cross-sectional profiles, preferably in rod material which is formed between feeding and pressing surfaces. The material of the forged portion thus moves in the direction of the lowest flow resistance so that during hammer forging, single lengths of the forged portion will be obtained due to adjacent hammering.
When complicated parts are formed from rod material in mass production, forging rollers are used so that the pair of rollers having a periodic groove move only one revolution. The periodic grooves extend at most, about half way around the roller circumference, and are arranged with respect to a defined shape of a work piece.
When free forms are hammered, the metal is forged with aimed or accurate hammering, and brought into the desired shape without using the actual form for the work piece. Known forging devices operate with four tools so that each tool is driven by its own associated eccentric shaft and articulated type connecting rod. The eccentric shafts are moved synchronously by means of gear drives. In order to adjust the tools into their proper stroke positions, the eccentric shafts are adjusted into position by separate means. These type of machines are expensive, and are subject to a high degree of wear.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a forging device for forging pieces having a variety of cross-sectional profiles with a deep penetrating depth which is simple and inexpensive, in that a considerable saving in space is obtained, and under easier working conditions. In the invention, the work piece axis is cut from a vertical symmetrical plane between two hammers, inclined toward each other at right angles, and driven by a common drive shaft. The hammers are guided linearly by means of carriers against one or a plurality of forging supports for the anvil plate.
Other objects and features will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the appended drawings which disclose several embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood however that the drawings are intended as a means of illustration and are not as a definition of the limits and scope of the invention.
In the drawings, wherein similar references numerals denote similar elements throughout the several views:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a forging device according to the invention, partly in cross section; and
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the carrier hammers of the machine of FIG. 1 in plan view.
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the forging device of the subject type consists essentially of two double arm levers 1 and 2. Double arm levers 1 and 2 are driven back and forth in a pivotable movement around pivot axes 3. Pivot axes 3 for double arm levers 1 and 2 are rotatably mounted on eccentric shafts 7, and are adjustable for the tool position laterally with respect to the work piece axis 9 by means of a worm gear drive 8.
It is important that axis 9 of the work piece be in a vertical symmetric plane A--A between two hammers 10, which are inclined toward each other at right angles. The hammers are driven by a common drive shaft 4, and are guided linearly by means of one or a plurality of carriers 11 against one or a plurality of forging supports 17 for the anvil plate. Carriers 11 of hammers 10 which run in linear guides 14 are provided with rotatable shaft bodies or bushings 13. Ends or trunnions 12, which move hammers 10, extend vertically with respect to their rotating axis, and are pivotably responsive to the common eccentric shaft, which is displaceably coupled to double arm levers 1 and 2. In this way, a balanced movement is created between the circular path of lever ends 12, and linear path 14 of hammer carriers 11.
It has been found to be advantageous to mount the adjusting means 3 and 8 independently from each other on the stationary bearings of double arm levers 1 and 2. Therefore, an adjustment shaft 20 is provided for each adjustment means 3 and 8 which independent from the other shaft 20. With this arrangement, irregular penetration depths formed on the work pieces by hammer carriers 11 against the anvil plates 17 can be adjusted.
It is also important in the invention that the eccentric drive 21 which is mounted on the drive shaft for double arm levers 1 and 2, are adjustably mounted, and fixed against each other in the rotatable direction. For this purpose, driving eccentric shaft 4 may be formed in two portions, receiving at each portion an eccentric 21 onto which one of the double arm lever 1 or 2, respectively, is mounted. With this arrangement, and with the position of the eccentric drives 21 against each other, carrier hammers 11 strike anvil plates 17 either simultaneously or in series, which attributes to the different forming of the work pieces.
It is also important as in FIGS. 2 and 3, that the forging portion of the forging device consists of two or a plurality of striking surfaces 19 or 19a, respectively, at hammers 10, and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a, respectively, on anvil plates 17, arranged in series in the direction of forging axis 9. The striking surfaces 19 and 19a on hammers 10 and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a, respectively, on anvil plates 17, are spaced apart from each other, depending on the cross section of the part to be forged in direction of forging axis 9. It is also possible to set off the various surfaces 19 and 19a on hammers 10, and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a on anvil plates 17 in a rotatable direction with respect to forging axis 9.
While only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those persons skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made thereunto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
When complicated parts are formed from rod material in mass production, forging rollers are used so that the pair of rollers having a periodic groove move only one revolution. The periodic grooves extend at most, about half way around the roller circumference, and are arranged with respect to a defined shape of a work piece.
When free forms are hammered, the metal is forged with aimed or accurate hammering, and brought into the desired shape without using the actual form for the work piece. Known forging devices operate with four tools so that each tool is driven by its own associated eccentric shaft and articulated type connecting rod. The eccentric shafts are moved synchronously by means of gear drives. In order to adjust the tools into their proper stroke positions, the eccentric shafts are adjusted into position by separate means. These type of machines are expensive, and are subject to a high degree of wear.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a forging device for forging pieces having a variety of cross-sectional profiles with a deep penetrating depth which is simple and inexpensive, in that a considerable saving in space is obtained, and under easier working conditions. In the invention, the work piece axis is cut from a vertical symmetrical plane between two hammers, inclined toward each other at right angles, and driven by a common drive shaft. The hammers are guided linearly by means of carriers against one or a plurality of forging supports for the anvil plate.
Other objects and features will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the appended drawings which disclose several embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood however that the drawings are intended as a means of illustration and are not as a definition of the limits and scope of the invention.
In the drawings, wherein similar references numerals denote similar elements throughout the several views:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a forging device according to the invention, partly in cross section; and
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the carrier hammers of the machine of FIG. 1 in plan view.
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the forging device of the subject type consists essentially of two double arm levers 1 and 2. Double arm levers 1 and 2 are driven back and forth in a pivotable movement around pivot axes 3. Pivot axes 3 for double arm levers 1 and 2 are rotatably mounted on eccentric shafts 7, and are adjustable for the tool position laterally with respect to the work piece axis 9 by means of a worm gear drive 8.
It is important that axis 9 of the work piece be in a vertical symmetric plane A--A between two hammers 10, which are inclined toward each other at right angles. The hammers are driven by a common drive shaft 4, and are guided linearly by means of one or a plurality of carriers 11 against one or a plurality of forging supports 17 for the anvil plate. Carriers 11 of hammers 10 which run in linear guides 14 are provided with rotatable shaft bodies or bushings 13. Ends or trunnions 12, which move hammers 10, extend vertically with respect to their rotating axis, and are pivotably responsive to the common eccentric shaft, which is displaceably coupled to double arm levers 1 and 2. In this way, a balanced movement is created between the circular path of lever ends 12, and linear path 14 of hammer carriers 11.
It has been found to be advantageous to mount the adjusting means 3 and 8 independently from each other on the stationary bearings of double arm levers 1 and 2. Therefore, an adjustment shaft 20 is provided for each adjustment means 3 and 8 which independent from the other shaft 20. With this arrangement, irregular penetration depths formed on the work pieces by hammer carriers 11 against the anvil plates 17 can be adjusted.
It is also important in the invention that the eccentric drive 21 which is mounted on the drive shaft for double arm levers 1 and 2, are adjustably mounted, and fixed against each other in the rotatable direction. For this purpose, driving eccentric shaft 4 may be formed in two portions, receiving at each portion an eccentric 21 onto which one of the double arm lever 1 or 2, respectively, is mounted. With this arrangement, and with the position of the eccentric drives 21 against each other, carrier hammers 11 strike anvil plates 17 either simultaneously or in series, which attributes to the different forming of the work pieces.
It is also important as in FIGS. 2 and 3, that the forging portion of the forging device consists of two or a plurality of striking surfaces 19 or 19a, respectively, at hammers 10, and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a, respectively, on anvil plates 17, arranged in series in the direction of forging axis 9. The striking surfaces 19 and 19a on hammers 10 and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a, respectively, on anvil plates 17, are spaced apart from each other, depending on the cross section of the part to be forged in direction of forging axis 9. It is also possible to set off the various surfaces 19 and 19a on hammers 10, and pressure surfaces 22 and 22a on anvil plates 17 in a rotatable direction with respect to forging axis 9.
While only a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those persons skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made thereunto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.