Title:
Water-based quenching composition comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone and method of quenching
United States Patent 3902929
Abstract:
A method of quenching metals utilizing a special water base quenching composition which includes a unique quenching additive polymer.
US Patent References:
Process for quench-hardening steel
Corneil - June 1952 - 2600290
Method of quenching metals
Gordon - November 1956 - 2770564
Quenching process
McEwen - December 1965 - 3224910
Stable water-in-oil emulsions
Wiese - August 1966 - 3269946
Water-in-oil emulsion fluids
Berger - April 1968 - 3378494
Process for quench-hardening steel
Corneil - June 1952 - 2600290
Method of quenching metals
Gordon - November 1956 - 2770564
Quenching process
McEwen - December 1965 - 3224910
Stable water-in-oil emulsions
Wiese - August 1966 - 3269946
Water-in-oil emulsion fluids
Berger - April 1968 - 3378494
Application Number:
05/438937
Publication Date:
09/02/1975
Filing Date:
02/01/1974
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Park Chemical Company (Detroit, MI)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
148/29, 252/75, 252/74, 252/77
International Classes:
C21D1/60; C21D1/56; B23K35/24
Field of Search:
148/27,28,29,18,20.6,157,143 260/80.73 252/77,79,74,75
Primary Examiner:
Satterfield, Walter R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Harness, Dickey & Pierce
Claims:
what is claimed is
1. A method of quenching metals or metal like materials, comprising immersing said metals in a
2. The method of claim 1 wherein,
3. The method of claim 1 wherein,
4. The method of claim 1 wherein,
5. The method of claim 4 wherein,
6. The method of claim 1 wherein,
7. The method of claim 1 wherein,
8. The method of claim 7 wherein,
9. A method of quenching metals or metal like materials, comprising immersing said metals in a
10. The method of claim 9 wherein,
11. A water based quenching composition, consisting essentially of
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein,
13. The composition of claim 11 wherein,
1. A method of quenching metals or metal like materials, comprising immersing said metals in a
2. The method of claim 1 wherein,
3. The method of claim 1 wherein,
4. The method of claim 1 wherein,
5. The method of claim 4 wherein,
6. The method of claim 1 wherein,
7. The method of claim 1 wherein,
8. The method of claim 7 wherein,
9. A method of quenching metals or metal like materials, comprising immersing said metals in a
10. The method of claim 9 wherein,
11. A water based quenching composition, consisting essentially of
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein,
13. The composition of claim 11 wherein,
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention broadly relates to a new method of quenching metals or metal like materials.
The state of the art is indicated by Chase et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,022,205; Blackwood et al, U.S. Pat No. 3,220,893; Lewis et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,232; Corneil, U.S. Pat. No. 2,600,290; and, Gordon, U.S. Pat. No. 2,770,564. The disclosures of each of said patents is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The object of this invention is to provide a new method of quenching metals utilizing special water base quenching composition.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new method of quenching metals wherein a special water soluble quenching additive is utilized.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new water base quenching medium which will stay in the form of a liquid yet will not form more than a very thin solid film on the parts being quenched after the water has evaporated.
Also another object of the invention is to provide a method of quenching wherein smooth cooling curves (time versus temperature) are obtained at the various levels of quenchant concentration, whereas this has not been possible with prior polyvinyl alcohol quenching mediums.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new quenching method wherein highly satisfactory quenching characteristics such as hardening, low drag out, and the avoidance of undersirable film formation are provided.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated the present invention concerns a method of quenching metals or metal like materials wherein the metal is immersed in a water base quenching composition comprising in weight percent, (a) about 1 percent to about 13 percent of the polymer ##SPC1##
Wherein said polymer has an average molecular weight between about 5,000 and about 400,000, (b) zero to about 5 percent of rust inhibitor material for preventing rust on said metals, (c) zero to about 3 percent of bacteriocidal material for preventing bacteria development in the composition, (d) and the balance water.
Of unique importance in the above quenching medium is the special additive polymer referred to as component (a) above. The quenching mechanism in accordance with the invention discovered and disclosed herein appears to offer unique advantages over other prior water base quenching techniques. In accordance with the invention herein there is a significant advantage of maximizing quenching rates in the upper (vapor) stage in various quenchings while achieving a slower quenching rate in the lower stage.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A preferred formulation for use as the quenching composition herein is as follows:
% by weight (1) water 83.95 (2) paraformaldehyde (bacteriocidal agent and preservative) 0.05 (3) Borax (rust inhibiting agent) 0.80 (4) sodium nitrite (rust inhibiting agent) 0.20 (5) polymer having an average molecular weight 160,000 at 45% solution in water, GAF Corp. product K-60 15
In order to prepare the quenching bath, approximately a 1/3 quantity of item (1) above is transferred into an oil heated mixer apparatus and the temperature is then brought to about 190°F. Items, (2), (3), and (4) are then added and mixed until all the solids are dissolved and a clear solution is obtained and then heating is discontinued. Then the remainder of item (1) is added and then item (5) is added and mixed until the makeup is clear and uniform in solution. This product is then placed in a rust proof container by drawing it through a 40 mesh screen.
The polymer used herein as referred to in sub paragraph (a) above should be a water soluble polymer of a C 2 -C 4 olefin with an unsaturated cyclic carbon, nitrogen and oxygen containing side group. The polymer should have a molecular weight within the range of about 5,000 to about 400,000. Preferably this average molecular weight should be within the range of about 50,000 to about 360,000 and best results are obtained with an average molecular weight between about 100,000 and 200,000. Particularly suitable results are obtained in accordance with the invention using a polymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The polymer should be present in an amount from about 1 to about 13 percent by weight of the quenching composition. Preferably this polymer should be present from about 2 to about 8 percent by weight of the composition.
The rust inhibiting agent used herein may be selected from a number of rust inhibiting materials such as Borax or sodium nitrite. Other rust inhibiting agents may be used. The rust inhibiting agent should be present in the compostion up to a level of about 5 percent by weight thereof. Preferably it should be present within the range of about 0.005 up to about 5 percent.
The bacteriocidal agent used in the invention should be present in an amount up to about 3 percent by weight of the composition. Preferably this bacteriocidal material should be present within the range of about 0.001 up to about 3 percent. The preferred bacteriocidal material used herein is paraformaldehyde. Other bacteriocidal materials may also be used.
The quenching medium herein may also optionally include a minor amount of at least one water soluble material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, a polyoxyalkylene polymer, or a cellulosic polymer. Generally this minor amount should be less than 5 percent by weight of the composition.
In order to further illustrate the invention the following examples are provided. It is to be understood, however, that the examples are included for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention as set forth in the subjoined claims.
______________________________________ % by weight ______________________________________ Ex. paraform- sodium No. Water aldehyde Borax nitrile polymer* ______________________________________ 1 balance GAF K-30 to 100% 0.1% -- 2.0% 2% 2 " -- 1.2% 0.1% GAF K-15 4% 3 " 1.5% 0.009% 0.006% GAF K-60 8% 4 " -- -- -- GAF K-90 10% ______________________________________ *stated as % of polymer solids
While it will be apparent that the preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed are well calculated to fulfill the objects above stated, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper scope or fair meaning of the subjoined claims.
This invention broadly relates to a new method of quenching metals or metal like materials.
The state of the art is indicated by Chase et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,022,205; Blackwood et al, U.S. Pat No. 3,220,893; Lewis et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,232; Corneil, U.S. Pat. No. 2,600,290; and, Gordon, U.S. Pat. No. 2,770,564. The disclosures of each of said patents is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The object of this invention is to provide a new method of quenching metals utilizing special water base quenching composition.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new method of quenching metals wherein a special water soluble quenching additive is utilized.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new water base quenching medium which will stay in the form of a liquid yet will not form more than a very thin solid film on the parts being quenched after the water has evaporated.
Also another object of the invention is to provide a method of quenching wherein smooth cooling curves (time versus temperature) are obtained at the various levels of quenchant concentration, whereas this has not been possible with prior polyvinyl alcohol quenching mediums.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new quenching method wherein highly satisfactory quenching characteristics such as hardening, low drag out, and the avoidance of undersirable film formation are provided.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated the present invention concerns a method of quenching metals or metal like materials wherein the metal is immersed in a water base quenching composition comprising in weight percent, (a) about 1 percent to about 13 percent of the polymer ##SPC1##
Wherein said polymer has an average molecular weight between about 5,000 and about 400,000, (b) zero to about 5 percent of rust inhibitor material for preventing rust on said metals, (c) zero to about 3 percent of bacteriocidal material for preventing bacteria development in the composition, (d) and the balance water.
Of unique importance in the above quenching medium is the special additive polymer referred to as component (a) above. The quenching mechanism in accordance with the invention discovered and disclosed herein appears to offer unique advantages over other prior water base quenching techniques. In accordance with the invention herein there is a significant advantage of maximizing quenching rates in the upper (vapor) stage in various quenchings while achieving a slower quenching rate in the lower stage.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A preferred formulation for use as the quenching composition herein is as follows:
% by weight (1) water 83.95 (2) paraformaldehyde (bacteriocidal agent and preservative) 0.05 (3) Borax (rust inhibiting agent) 0.80 (4) sodium nitrite (rust inhibiting agent) 0.20 (5) polymer having an average molecular weight 160,000 at 45% solution in water, GAF Corp. product K-60 15
In order to prepare the quenching bath, approximately a 1/3 quantity of item (1) above is transferred into an oil heated mixer apparatus and the temperature is then brought to about 190°F. Items, (2), (3), and (4) are then added and mixed until all the solids are dissolved and a clear solution is obtained and then heating is discontinued. Then the remainder of item (1) is added and then item (5) is added and mixed until the makeup is clear and uniform in solution. This product is then placed in a rust proof container by drawing it through a 40 mesh screen.
The polymer used herein as referred to in sub paragraph (a) above should be a water soluble polymer of a C 2 -C 4 olefin with an unsaturated cyclic carbon, nitrogen and oxygen containing side group. The polymer should have a molecular weight within the range of about 5,000 to about 400,000. Preferably this average molecular weight should be within the range of about 50,000 to about 360,000 and best results are obtained with an average molecular weight between about 100,000 and 200,000. Particularly suitable results are obtained in accordance with the invention using a polymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The polymer should be present in an amount from about 1 to about 13 percent by weight of the quenching composition. Preferably this polymer should be present from about 2 to about 8 percent by weight of the composition.
The rust inhibiting agent used herein may be selected from a number of rust inhibiting materials such as Borax or sodium nitrite. Other rust inhibiting agents may be used. The rust inhibiting agent should be present in the compostion up to a level of about 5 percent by weight thereof. Preferably it should be present within the range of about 0.005 up to about 5 percent.
The bacteriocidal agent used in the invention should be present in an amount up to about 3 percent by weight of the composition. Preferably this bacteriocidal material should be present within the range of about 0.001 up to about 3 percent. The preferred bacteriocidal material used herein is paraformaldehyde. Other bacteriocidal materials may also be used.
The quenching medium herein may also optionally include a minor amount of at least one water soluble material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, a polyoxyalkylene polymer, or a cellulosic polymer. Generally this minor amount should be less than 5 percent by weight of the composition.
In order to further illustrate the invention the following examples are provided. It is to be understood, however, that the examples are included for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention as set forth in the subjoined claims.
______________________________________ % by weight ______________________________________ Ex. paraform- sodium No. Water aldehyde Borax nitrile polymer* ______________________________________ 1 balance GAF K-30 to 100% 0.1% -- 2.0% 2% 2 " -- 1.2% 0.1% GAF K-15 4% 3 " 1.5% 0.009% 0.006% GAF K-60 8% 4 " -- -- -- GAF K-90 10% ______________________________________ *stated as % of polymer solids
While it will be apparent that the preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed are well calculated to fulfill the objects above stated, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper scope or fair meaning of the subjoined claims.