Finger operated electro-optical lock and method
United States Patent 3885408
A finger operated electro-optical lock system in which an optical keyboard having at least one zone indicated thereon is illuminated by ambient energy until touched by a finger of the human hand blocking the radiant energy passing through the zone. A counter is thus enabled to cycle a numeric display. When the first digit of the combination appears in the display, the finger is lifted and reapplied until the second digit of the combination is displayed. The process is repeated until each digit of the combination has been displayed.
US Patent References:
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL POWER CIRCUIT
Sharp - June 1973 - 3737685
PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRIC LOCKING SYSTEM
Hanchett - August 1973 - 3751718
CODED RADIATION REFLECTIVE LOCK
Clark - October 1973 - 3769514
ELECTRONIC COMBINATION LOCK INCLUDING SEQUENTIAL SIGNAL GENERATOR AND SIGNAL DISPLAY
Gartner - May 1974 - 3812403
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL POWER CIRCUIT
Sharp - June 1973 - 3737685
PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRIC LOCKING SYSTEM
Hanchett - August 1973 - 3751718
CODED RADIATION REFLECTIVE LOCK
Clark - October 1973 - 3769514
ELECTRONIC COMBINATION LOCK INCLUDING SEQUENTIAL SIGNAL GENERATOR AND SIGNAL DISPLAY
Gartner - May 1974 - 3812403
Application Number:
05/410397
Publication Date:
05/27/1975
Filing Date:
10/29/1973
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
361/176, 250/221, 70/DIG.051, 361/172
International Classes:
E05B49/00; G07C9/00; E05B49/00
Field of Search:
70/278,DIG.51 250/209,221 317/124,134
Primary Examiner:
Craig Jr., Albert G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Burns, Doane, Swecker & Mathis
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A lock system for an enclosure entrance comprising:
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said manually operable switch means includes:
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said circuit means includes means for inhibiting the operation of said lock means in the event that the visual indicia display effected by said pulse means is other than predetermined indicia.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said circuit means includes means for inhibiting the operation of said lock means in the event that the visual indicia display effected by said pulse means is other than predetermined indicia.
5. An electro-optical locking system for an enclosure entrance comprising:
6. A system for operating the lock of an enclosure entrance comprising:
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said switch means is operable from a position external of the enclosure by the positioning of the finger of a human hand in a predetermined position on said sheet of radiation transparent material.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said lock operating means includes:
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said sheet of material is glass having a thickness of at least about one-quarter inch.
10. A method for operating the locking device of the entrance to an enclosure without compromising the integrity of the enclosure comprising the steps of:
1. A lock system for an enclosure entrance comprising:
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said manually operable switch means includes:
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said circuit means includes means for inhibiting the operation of said lock means in the event that the visual indicia display effected by said pulse means is other than predetermined indicia.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said circuit means includes means for inhibiting the operation of said lock means in the event that the visual indicia display effected by said pulse means is other than predetermined indicia.
5. An electro-optical locking system for an enclosure entrance comprising:
6. A system for operating the lock of an enclosure entrance comprising:
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said switch means is operable from a position external of the enclosure by the positioning of the finger of a human hand in a predetermined position on said sheet of radiation transparent material.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said lock operating means includes:
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said sheet of material is glass having a thickness of at least about one-quarter inch.
10. A method for operating the locking device of the entrance to an enclosure without compromising the integrity of the enclosure comprising the steps of:
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical keying system and more particularly to an electro-optical system for operating a locking mechanism from a point externally of a building to which entry is desired.
Electronic combination locking systems in which a series of switches are set in a predetermined combination in order to release a locking mechanism are well known. The combination indicating devices for these sytstems are generally mechanically actuated switches which are subject to mechanical wear. Moreover, many of the electronic locking systems operate on the principle of selecting a predetermined combination by simultaneously positioning switches corresponding to the predetermined combination. These systems have the disadvantage that the requirement of simultaneous actuation or setting of the switches to the predetermined combination may offer an observer a view of the combination before it is possible to move the switches away from their combination indicating positions.
The use of electromagnetic and optical scanners to read a card or other "key" inserted into a slot is generally known and may be found, for example, in the operation of parking lot closures. All systems of this type suffer from the disadvantage that the slot into which the key must be placed may be obstructed by leaves, twigs, dirt and the like by children and by vandals. In addition, the "combination" of such systems have not been readily modifiable.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to obtain the deficiency of these known systems and to provide a novel and improved electro-optical locking system and method in which a single optical key is actuated for predetermined periods of time for operating a locking mechanism.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel system and method in which the "combination" of the mechanism may be easily and quickly manually modified.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a novel circuit and method for evaluating a predeterminned sequence of optically controlled time intervals.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a novel system and method for operating a lock in which all of the operable parts thereof are located internally of the structure into which entry is desired.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel optical keyboard actuated by the presence of the human finger at a preselected zone on the board for predetermined time intervals.
These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the claims and from the perusal of the following detailed description in connection with the appended drawings.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view in elevation of the optical keyboard of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section taken through the optical keyboard of FIG. 2; and,
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the logic circuit of FIG. 1.
THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
With reference now to FIG. 1 where the system of the present invention is displayed in block diagram form, a switch 10 is manually operated to enable or to unblock an oscillator 12 which in turn applies pulses to a counter 14. The number of pulses applied to the counter may be decoded in a decoder 16 and displayed in a display 18.
The switch 10 may be of any suitable conventional type but desirably is of the type hereinafter illustrated and described in detail. The oscillator 12 may be of the type illustrated in the circuit of FIG. 4 but may also comprise any suitable conventional pulse generating circuit. It is desirable, but not necessary, that the pulses provided by the oscillator 12 be of a uniform pulse repetition rate. The counter 14 which receives the pulses from the oscillator 12 may be of any suitable conventional type such as a ring counter to continually increment in response to pulse application. Thus, the operation of the switch 10 enables the oscillator 12 to cycle the counter 14 and to increment the digit displayed by the display 18.
The operation of the switch 10 may also enable a timing circuit which resets the counter 14 and enables the driver decoder circuit 16. In this manner, the operation of the switch 10 may effect the initial reset of the counter 14 and enable the driver decoder circuit 16 so that the number of pulses provided by the oscillator 12 subsequent to the operation of the switch 10 will be indicated to the switch operator at the display 18. The display 18 will thus continually cycle until the switch 10 is disabled at which time the oscillator 12 will cease to increment the counter 14 and the last pulse digit indication will remain in the display 18. The timing circuit 26 may be operative after a predetermined time delay such as ten seconds to reset the counter 14 and disable the drive decoder circuit 16 to remove the digit indication from the display 18.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, the driver decoder circuit may provide input signals to a decoder circuit 20. These input signals will, of course, reflect the digit indicated at the display 18. The decoder 20 may be operative to transform the binary coded decimal contents of the counter 14 to decimal form. The disabling of the switch 10 may, through the timing circuit 26, effect the reading of the digit stored within the decoder 20 into a logic circuit 22 for evaluation purposes.
The operation of the logic circuit 22 in response to a selected combination is hereinafter discussed in greater detail in connection with FIG. 4. In the embodiment illustrated, the three digits of the combination are the numerals 1, 7 and 9 and appropriate output terminals from the decoder 20 are connected to the logic circuit 22. The remaining output terminals 0, 2-6 and 8 are desirably connected together and to the logic circuit 22. The logic circuit 22 is thus operative to effect resetting of the circuit upon receipt of a single digit signal not in the predetermined combination. In addition, the logic circuit 22 may be operative to reset the circuit in the event that the digit signals are not received in the appropriate predetermnined sequence. The sequential receipt of the digits 1, 7 and 9 in the desired order by the logic circuit 22 will effect the operation of the lock 24 for a predetermined time interval as determined by the timing circuit 26 earlier described.
The operation of the embodiment illustrated in the figures will now briefly be announced. The individual desiring access to the interior of an enclosure such as an apartment house or the like will approach the locking mechanism from the exterior of the building and operate the switch 10 by placing a finger over an indicated zone in a plate glass window. The placing of the finger over the appropriate zone will reduce the ambient light at that particular zone which will reset the counter 14 through the timing circuit 26 to enable or unblock the oscillator 12 to continually increment the counter 14 until such time as the finger is removed from the switch.
With the finger against the glass, the counter will continuously cycle the numeral indicated on the display 18 from 0 to 9. The display 18 should be located for ready viewing by the operator so that the operator may remove his finger from the glass when the desired digit is displayed, i.e., the first digit of the combination. Removal of the finger to "freeze" the digit indicated on the display 18 will enable the decoder 20 to provide an output signal on one of the 0 to 9 output terminals.
Should the first decoded digit be 0, 2-6 or 8 for the exemplary 1, 7, 9 combination illustrated, the logic circuit 22 will immediately reset. Should the first decoded digit be the digit 7 or 9, the logic circuit 22 will also reset. Should the first decoded digit be the digit 1, i.e., the first digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will internally prepare for receipt of the next digit of the combination, i.e., the digit 7.
If the operator does not again place his finger on the glass to effect operation of the switch 10 within a predetermined time interval, e.g., ten seconds, the timing circuit 26 will reset the logic circuit 22. Should the operator again effect operation of the switch 10, the counter 14 will be reset and again cycle the display 18 until the operator recognizes the second digit of the combination and removes his finger from the glass to "freeze" the display. If the second digit decoded is other than the second digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will reset. If, however, the second decoded digit is the second digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will be internally enabled to receive the third digit of the combination. The subsequent receipt of the third digit will effect operation of the lock 24 for a predetermined time interval sufficient to permit entrance into the enclosure.
The circuit may be provided with feedback from the locking mechanism to disable the display 18 so that the last digit of the combination cannot be observed by an unauthorized person. Also, the display 18 may be desirably shielded to prevent observation of the display during the operation of the mechanism.
The physical relationship of the switch 10 may be as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. With reference now to FIGS. 2 and 3, an opening 28 may be provided from the inside of an external wall and the opening covered by a one-quarter inch thick sheet 30 of plate glass or other radiant energy transparent material having the desired structural characteristics. Any suitable conventional means such as a metallic plate 32 and a plurality of threaded fasteners 34 may be utilized to mount the sheet 30 over the opening 28. Thus, a convenient window is provided against which the finger of the operator's hand may be positioned.
As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, two zones 38 and 40 may be provided in the window by the positioning of detectors 42 and 44. As indicated schematically in FIG. 3, a suitable shield or baffle 46 may be provided to optically isolate the detectors 42 and 44 from radiation passing through all but the particular zone 38 or 40 with which it is associated. Thus, the presence of a finger 36 at one of the zones in the window will optically block the radiant energy normally incident thereon and provide an output signal from the switch as will be subsequently explained in greater detail in connection with the circuit of FIG. 4.
With reference now to FIG. 4, the switch 10 of FIG. 1 may include a PNP transistor Q1 connected between a 5-volt source of positive potential and ground potential by an emitter resistor 50 and a collector resistor 52. The bias for the base electrode for the transistor Q1 may be provided by any suitable conventional radiant energy responsive devices 54 and 56 located respectively in the base-to-emitter and base-to-collector circuits of the transistor Q1. The output signal from the transistor Q1 may be taken from the collector electrode thereof and passed through a resistor 58 and the parallel combination of a resistor 60 with a pair of serially connected converters 62 and 64 as the output signal from the switch 10.
The output signal from the switch 10 may be, as shown in FIG. 1, applied to an oscillator circuit 12, a timing circuit 26 and a logic circuit 22. The oscillator circuit 12 may comprise a diode 66 in series with a parallel circuit in which a capacitor 68 is provided in one branch thereof and in which the other branch thereof includes an inverter 70 in series with the parallel combination of an inverter 72 and a variable resistor 74. The output signal from the oscillator circuit 12 may be passed through a capacitor 76 to the input terminal of a suitable conventional decade counter 14. The decade counter 14 may be provided with parallel output terminals representing the binary digits 1, 2, 4 and 8 and these output terminals may be connected to input terminals of a driver decoder circuit 20 which, when enabled, may apply binary coded signals to a suitable conventional display circuit 18 such as an alphanumeric electronic tube. The output signals from the driver decoder circuit 20 may also be applied to the input terminals of a binary coded decimal to decimal decoder 78 of the logic circuit 22.
With continued reference to FIG. 4, the output signal from the switch 10 may also be provided to the timing circuit 22 which may include the series connection of a resistor 80, diodes 82 and 84 and a resistor 86 and the series connection of a resistor 88 and a pair of inverters 90 and 92 in parallel therewith. The interconnection of the diodes 82 and 84 may be directly connected to the interconnection of the resistor 88 and the inverter 90 and isolated from ground potential by way of a capacitor 94. The output signal from the inverter 92 may be used as the RESET signal applied to the decade counter 14 and the output signal from the diode 90 may be utilized as the BLANK signal for application to the driver decoder circuit 20 and one input terminal 94 of a NAND gate 96.
The logic circuit 22 of FIG. 4 may include a plurality of NAND gates 98, 100, 102 and 104, each connected to receive on one input terminal thereof the output signal from the switch circuit 10. Each of the NAND gates 100, 102 and 104 receives an input signal from a predetermined one of the decimal output terminals of the binary coded decimal to decimal decoder 78. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the combination is a 3-digit combination with the "1" output terminal of the decoder 78 connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 100, the "7" output terminal connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 102 and with the "9" output terminal connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 104.
Any suitable conventional means may be used to effect the selected connection of NAND gate 100, 102 and 104 to the selected output terminals of the decoder 78 to thereby establish the desired combination. Similarly, the connection of each of the noncombination digit output terminals of the decoder 78 to the NAND gate 98 may be effected by any suitable conventional means.
The output signal from the NAND gate 100 may be applied to a timing circuit 106 to enable a NAND gate 108 for a predetermined time interval. Similarly, the output signal from the NAND gate 102 may be applied to the timing circuit 110 to enable a NAND gate 112 and the output signal from the NAND gate 104 applied through a timing circuit 114 to provide a signal at the other input terminal 116 of the NAND gate 96. The output signal from the NAND gate 96 may be connected to the relay coil 118 of a switch within the lock 24.
In operation, the placing of a finger to block the ambient light to the detector 42 of FIG. 3 may effect the unbalancing of the bias of the transistor Q1 to drive the transistor into cutoff. The output signal from the collector electrode of the transistor Q1 will assume a low signal level and the circuit including the invertors 62 and 64 operate as a Schmitt trigger to remove the normally high signal level signal from the oscillator 12, the timing circuit 26 and the decoder and logic circuit 22.
Removal of the signal from the timing circuit 26 will effect the generation of the RESET signal applied to the decade counter 14 to effect the resetting thereof and will also remove the normally high signal level BLANK signal from the driver decoder 16 so that the decoder 16 will be operative to drive the display 18 to visually indicate the digit in the counter 14. Removal of the BLANK signal will also enable the NAND gate 96 of the decoder and logic circuit 22.
The removal of the input signal from the oscillator 12 will effect the application of periodic pulses to the decade counter 14 through the capacitor 76. The incrementing of the decade counter 14 will provide the signals necessary to operate the display 18 through the driver decoder 16.
When the finger is removed from the position illustrated in FIG. 3, the transistor Q1 again saturates to disable the oscillator 12. Because of the time constants of the resistor 88 and capacitor 94, the resetting and blanking functions do not recur for a predetermined time interval, e.g., 10 seconds. If the switch 10 is again activated within this predetermined time interval, the oscillator 12 again increments the counter 14 to cycle the display 18 until such time as the finger of the operator is again removed to disable the switch 10. This process is repeated until the operator sequentially "freezes" by the removal of his finger at an appropriate time, each digit of the combination on the display 18.
The removal of the finger to "freeze" the digit displayed enables each of the NAND gates 98, 100, 102 and 104 of the decoder and logic circuit 22. Should the decoder 78 provide a low signal level signal on any of the output terminals 0 2-6 or 8, the NAND gate 98 will be disabled to disable the NAND gate 96 and thus the operation of the lock 24. Should the decoder 78 provide the NAND gate 100 with an appropriate low signal level signal during this time, the NAND gate 100 will enable the NAND gate 108 so that the NAND gate 96 will remain in an enabled condition. Should the decoder 78 provide a "7" output signal during this first sampling of the decoder 78, the NAND gate 102 will inhibit the NAND gate 108 and thus the NAND gate 96 and the operation of the lock 24. Similarly, the presence of a "9" output signal from the decoder 78 during this first sampling interval will inhibit the NAND gate 96 through the operation of the NAND gate 104.
At the time of the next sampling interval, e.g., when the finger is again removed to "freeze" the second digit of the combination in the display 18, the NAND gate 102 will operate to enable the NAND gate 112 and maintain the NAND gate 96 in an enabled condition. The subsequent receipt of a "9" signal from the decoder 78 by the NAND gate 104 will effect the operation of the NAND gate 96 to operate the relay 118 associated with the lock 24.
ADVANTAGES AND SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
Many of the advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the foregoing description of a preferred embodiment. For example, the optical keyboard of the present invention utilizes ambient radiation easily blocked by the human finger.
Another of the major advantages of the present system is that observation of theh time intervals in which the finger is placed in proximity to the zone of the keyboard is easily hindered to protect the combination of the lock. Further, the difficulty in measuring time intervals is advantageous. The display of but a single digit at one time and an automatic reset feature precludes any residual indication of the combination as may exist where the combination is set by a plurality of switches or the like.
Because of the resetting of the logic circuit upon the detection of a single out-of-sequence time interval, security is assured. It will be further appreciated that the combination cannot be detected by a sense of feel or mechanical noise since no mechanical combination locking or unlocking apparatus is utilized.
Moreover, the ease with which the combination may be changed facilitates revision of the security measures and thus reduces the likelihood of compromise. Since the device is finger operated, there are no keys to be lost or stolen.
Another of the major advantages of the present invention is the complete lack of moving parts in the operation of the system. The use of plate glass provides the desired structural strength and obviates the necessity for an opening which may be obstructed by children or vandals.
The present invention may thus be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not as restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalancy of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
The present invention relates to an optical keying system and more particularly to an electro-optical system for operating a locking mechanism from a point externally of a building to which entry is desired.
Electronic combination locking systems in which a series of switches are set in a predetermined combination in order to release a locking mechanism are well known. The combination indicating devices for these sytstems are generally mechanically actuated switches which are subject to mechanical wear. Moreover, many of the electronic locking systems operate on the principle of selecting a predetermined combination by simultaneously positioning switches corresponding to the predetermined combination. These systems have the disadvantage that the requirement of simultaneous actuation or setting of the switches to the predetermined combination may offer an observer a view of the combination before it is possible to move the switches away from their combination indicating positions.
The use of electromagnetic and optical scanners to read a card or other "key" inserted into a slot is generally known and may be found, for example, in the operation of parking lot closures. All systems of this type suffer from the disadvantage that the slot into which the key must be placed may be obstructed by leaves, twigs, dirt and the like by children and by vandals. In addition, the "combination" of such systems have not been readily modifiable.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to obtain the deficiency of these known systems and to provide a novel and improved electro-optical locking system and method in which a single optical key is actuated for predetermined periods of time for operating a locking mechanism.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel system and method in which the "combination" of the mechanism may be easily and quickly manually modified.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a novel circuit and method for evaluating a predeterminned sequence of optically controlled time intervals.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a novel system and method for operating a lock in which all of the operable parts thereof are located internally of the structure into which entry is desired.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel optical keyboard actuated by the presence of the human finger at a preselected zone on the board for predetermined time intervals.
These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the claims and from the perusal of the following detailed description in connection with the appended drawings.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view in elevation of the optical keyboard of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section taken through the optical keyboard of FIG. 2; and,
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the logic circuit of FIG. 1.
THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
With reference now to FIG. 1 where the system of the present invention is displayed in block diagram form, a switch 10 is manually operated to enable or to unblock an oscillator 12 which in turn applies pulses to a counter 14. The number of pulses applied to the counter may be decoded in a decoder 16 and displayed in a display 18.
The switch 10 may be of any suitable conventional type but desirably is of the type hereinafter illustrated and described in detail. The oscillator 12 may be of the type illustrated in the circuit of FIG. 4 but may also comprise any suitable conventional pulse generating circuit. It is desirable, but not necessary, that the pulses provided by the oscillator 12 be of a uniform pulse repetition rate. The counter 14 which receives the pulses from the oscillator 12 may be of any suitable conventional type such as a ring counter to continually increment in response to pulse application. Thus, the operation of the switch 10 enables the oscillator 12 to cycle the counter 14 and to increment the digit displayed by the display 18.
The operation of the switch 10 may also enable a timing circuit which resets the counter 14 and enables the driver decoder circuit 16. In this manner, the operation of the switch 10 may effect the initial reset of the counter 14 and enable the driver decoder circuit 16 so that the number of pulses provided by the oscillator 12 subsequent to the operation of the switch 10 will be indicated to the switch operator at the display 18. The display 18 will thus continually cycle until the switch 10 is disabled at which time the oscillator 12 will cease to increment the counter 14 and the last pulse digit indication will remain in the display 18. The timing circuit 26 may be operative after a predetermined time delay such as ten seconds to reset the counter 14 and disable the drive decoder circuit 16 to remove the digit indication from the display 18.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, the driver decoder circuit may provide input signals to a decoder circuit 20. These input signals will, of course, reflect the digit indicated at the display 18. The decoder 20 may be operative to transform the binary coded decimal contents of the counter 14 to decimal form. The disabling of the switch 10 may, through the timing circuit 26, effect the reading of the digit stored within the decoder 20 into a logic circuit 22 for evaluation purposes.
The operation of the logic circuit 22 in response to a selected combination is hereinafter discussed in greater detail in connection with FIG. 4. In the embodiment illustrated, the three digits of the combination are the numerals 1, 7 and 9 and appropriate output terminals from the decoder 20 are connected to the logic circuit 22. The remaining output terminals 0, 2-6 and 8 are desirably connected together and to the logic circuit 22. The logic circuit 22 is thus operative to effect resetting of the circuit upon receipt of a single digit signal not in the predetermined combination. In addition, the logic circuit 22 may be operative to reset the circuit in the event that the digit signals are not received in the appropriate predetermnined sequence. The sequential receipt of the digits 1, 7 and 9 in the desired order by the logic circuit 22 will effect the operation of the lock 24 for a predetermined time interval as determined by the timing circuit 26 earlier described.
The operation of the embodiment illustrated in the figures will now briefly be announced. The individual desiring access to the interior of an enclosure such as an apartment house or the like will approach the locking mechanism from the exterior of the building and operate the switch 10 by placing a finger over an indicated zone in a plate glass window. The placing of the finger over the appropriate zone will reduce the ambient light at that particular zone which will reset the counter 14 through the timing circuit 26 to enable or unblock the oscillator 12 to continually increment the counter 14 until such time as the finger is removed from the switch.
With the finger against the glass, the counter will continuously cycle the numeral indicated on the display 18 from 0 to 9. The display 18 should be located for ready viewing by the operator so that the operator may remove his finger from the glass when the desired digit is displayed, i.e., the first digit of the combination. Removal of the finger to "freeze" the digit indicated on the display 18 will enable the decoder 20 to provide an output signal on one of the 0 to 9 output terminals.
Should the first decoded digit be 0, 2-6 or 8 for the exemplary 1, 7, 9 combination illustrated, the logic circuit 22 will immediately reset. Should the first decoded digit be the digit 7 or 9, the logic circuit 22 will also reset. Should the first decoded digit be the digit 1, i.e., the first digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will internally prepare for receipt of the next digit of the combination, i.e., the digit 7.
If the operator does not again place his finger on the glass to effect operation of the switch 10 within a predetermined time interval, e.g., ten seconds, the timing circuit 26 will reset the logic circuit 22. Should the operator again effect operation of the switch 10, the counter 14 will be reset and again cycle the display 18 until the operator recognizes the second digit of the combination and removes his finger from the glass to "freeze" the display. If the second digit decoded is other than the second digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will reset. If, however, the second decoded digit is the second digit of the combination, the logic circuit 22 will be internally enabled to receive the third digit of the combination. The subsequent receipt of the third digit will effect operation of the lock 24 for a predetermined time interval sufficient to permit entrance into the enclosure.
The circuit may be provided with feedback from the locking mechanism to disable the display 18 so that the last digit of the combination cannot be observed by an unauthorized person. Also, the display 18 may be desirably shielded to prevent observation of the display during the operation of the mechanism.
The physical relationship of the switch 10 may be as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. With reference now to FIGS. 2 and 3, an opening 28 may be provided from the inside of an external wall and the opening covered by a one-quarter inch thick sheet 30 of plate glass or other radiant energy transparent material having the desired structural characteristics. Any suitable conventional means such as a metallic plate 32 and a plurality of threaded fasteners 34 may be utilized to mount the sheet 30 over the opening 28. Thus, a convenient window is provided against which the finger of the operator's hand may be positioned.
As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, two zones 38 and 40 may be provided in the window by the positioning of detectors 42 and 44. As indicated schematically in FIG. 3, a suitable shield or baffle 46 may be provided to optically isolate the detectors 42 and 44 from radiation passing through all but the particular zone 38 or 40 with which it is associated. Thus, the presence of a finger 36 at one of the zones in the window will optically block the radiant energy normally incident thereon and provide an output signal from the switch as will be subsequently explained in greater detail in connection with the circuit of FIG. 4.
With reference now to FIG. 4, the switch 10 of FIG. 1 may include a PNP transistor Q1 connected between a 5-volt source of positive potential and ground potential by an emitter resistor 50 and a collector resistor 52. The bias for the base electrode for the transistor Q1 may be provided by any suitable conventional radiant energy responsive devices 54 and 56 located respectively in the base-to-emitter and base-to-collector circuits of the transistor Q1. The output signal from the transistor Q1 may be taken from the collector electrode thereof and passed through a resistor 58 and the parallel combination of a resistor 60 with a pair of serially connected converters 62 and 64 as the output signal from the switch 10.
The output signal from the switch 10 may be, as shown in FIG. 1, applied to an oscillator circuit 12, a timing circuit 26 and a logic circuit 22. The oscillator circuit 12 may comprise a diode 66 in series with a parallel circuit in which a capacitor 68 is provided in one branch thereof and in which the other branch thereof includes an inverter 70 in series with the parallel combination of an inverter 72 and a variable resistor 74. The output signal from the oscillator circuit 12 may be passed through a capacitor 76 to the input terminal of a suitable conventional decade counter 14. The decade counter 14 may be provided with parallel output terminals representing the binary digits 1, 2, 4 and 8 and these output terminals may be connected to input terminals of a driver decoder circuit 20 which, when enabled, may apply binary coded signals to a suitable conventional display circuit 18 such as an alphanumeric electronic tube. The output signals from the driver decoder circuit 20 may also be applied to the input terminals of a binary coded decimal to decimal decoder 78 of the logic circuit 22.
With continued reference to FIG. 4, the output signal from the switch 10 may also be provided to the timing circuit 22 which may include the series connection of a resistor 80, diodes 82 and 84 and a resistor 86 and the series connection of a resistor 88 and a pair of inverters 90 and 92 in parallel therewith. The interconnection of the diodes 82 and 84 may be directly connected to the interconnection of the resistor 88 and the inverter 90 and isolated from ground potential by way of a capacitor 94. The output signal from the inverter 92 may be used as the RESET signal applied to the decade counter 14 and the output signal from the diode 90 may be utilized as the BLANK signal for application to the driver decoder circuit 20 and one input terminal 94 of a NAND gate 96.
The logic circuit 22 of FIG. 4 may include a plurality of NAND gates 98, 100, 102 and 104, each connected to receive on one input terminal thereof the output signal from the switch circuit 10. Each of the NAND gates 100, 102 and 104 receives an input signal from a predetermined one of the decimal output terminals of the binary coded decimal to decimal decoder 78. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the combination is a 3-digit combination with the "1" output terminal of the decoder 78 connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 100, the "7" output terminal connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 102 and with the "9" output terminal connected to the other input terminal of the NAND gate 104.
Any suitable conventional means may be used to effect the selected connection of NAND gate 100, 102 and 104 to the selected output terminals of the decoder 78 to thereby establish the desired combination. Similarly, the connection of each of the noncombination digit output terminals of the decoder 78 to the NAND gate 98 may be effected by any suitable conventional means.
The output signal from the NAND gate 100 may be applied to a timing circuit 106 to enable a NAND gate 108 for a predetermined time interval. Similarly, the output signal from the NAND gate 102 may be applied to the timing circuit 110 to enable a NAND gate 112 and the output signal from the NAND gate 104 applied through a timing circuit 114 to provide a signal at the other input terminal 116 of the NAND gate 96. The output signal from the NAND gate 96 may be connected to the relay coil 118 of a switch within the lock 24.
In operation, the placing of a finger to block the ambient light to the detector 42 of FIG. 3 may effect the unbalancing of the bias of the transistor Q1 to drive the transistor into cutoff. The output signal from the collector electrode of the transistor Q1 will assume a low signal level and the circuit including the invertors 62 and 64 operate as a Schmitt trigger to remove the normally high signal level signal from the oscillator 12, the timing circuit 26 and the decoder and logic circuit 22.
Removal of the signal from the timing circuit 26 will effect the generation of the RESET signal applied to the decade counter 14 to effect the resetting thereof and will also remove the normally high signal level BLANK signal from the driver decoder 16 so that the decoder 16 will be operative to drive the display 18 to visually indicate the digit in the counter 14. Removal of the BLANK signal will also enable the NAND gate 96 of the decoder and logic circuit 22.
The removal of the input signal from the oscillator 12 will effect the application of periodic pulses to the decade counter 14 through the capacitor 76. The incrementing of the decade counter 14 will provide the signals necessary to operate the display 18 through the driver decoder 16.
When the finger is removed from the position illustrated in FIG. 3, the transistor Q1 again saturates to disable the oscillator 12. Because of the time constants of the resistor 88 and capacitor 94, the resetting and blanking functions do not recur for a predetermined time interval, e.g., 10 seconds. If the switch 10 is again activated within this predetermined time interval, the oscillator 12 again increments the counter 14 to cycle the display 18 until such time as the finger of the operator is again removed to disable the switch 10. This process is repeated until the operator sequentially "freezes" by the removal of his finger at an appropriate time, each digit of the combination on the display 18.
The removal of the finger to "freeze" the digit displayed enables each of the NAND gates 98, 100, 102 and 104 of the decoder and logic circuit 22. Should the decoder 78 provide a low signal level signal on any of the output terminals 0 2-6 or 8, the NAND gate 98 will be disabled to disable the NAND gate 96 and thus the operation of the lock 24. Should the decoder 78 provide the NAND gate 100 with an appropriate low signal level signal during this time, the NAND gate 100 will enable the NAND gate 108 so that the NAND gate 96 will remain in an enabled condition. Should the decoder 78 provide a "7" output signal during this first sampling of the decoder 78, the NAND gate 102 will inhibit the NAND gate 108 and thus the NAND gate 96 and the operation of the lock 24. Similarly, the presence of a "9" output signal from the decoder 78 during this first sampling interval will inhibit the NAND gate 96 through the operation of the NAND gate 104.
At the time of the next sampling interval, e.g., when the finger is again removed to "freeze" the second digit of the combination in the display 18, the NAND gate 102 will operate to enable the NAND gate 112 and maintain the NAND gate 96 in an enabled condition. The subsequent receipt of a "9" signal from the decoder 78 by the NAND gate 104 will effect the operation of the NAND gate 96 to operate the relay 118 associated with the lock 24.
ADVANTAGES AND SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
Many of the advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the foregoing description of a preferred embodiment. For example, the optical keyboard of the present invention utilizes ambient radiation easily blocked by the human finger.
Another of the major advantages of the present system is that observation of theh time intervals in which the finger is placed in proximity to the zone of the keyboard is easily hindered to protect the combination of the lock. Further, the difficulty in measuring time intervals is advantageous. The display of but a single digit at one time and an automatic reset feature precludes any residual indication of the combination as may exist where the combination is set by a plurality of switches or the like.
Because of the resetting of the logic circuit upon the detection of a single out-of-sequence time interval, security is assured. It will be further appreciated that the combination cannot be detected by a sense of feel or mechanical noise since no mechanical combination locking or unlocking apparatus is utilized.
Moreover, the ease with which the combination may be changed facilitates revision of the security measures and thus reduces the likelihood of compromise. Since the device is finger operated, there are no keys to be lost or stolen.
Another of the major advantages of the present invention is the complete lack of moving parts in the operation of the system. The use of plate glass provides the desired structural strength and obviates the necessity for an opening which may be obstructed by children or vandals.
The present invention may thus be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not as restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalancy of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.