Title:
ASSEMBLY FOR SEPARATING A PART OF A SPACE
United States Patent 3875853
Abstract:
An assembly for separating a part from a space, adapted to keep the air inside this part separated from the air outside that part, which assembly comprises an upper wall which is pervious for air and which is supported on a framework, and further comprises side walls which consist, at least partially, of a transparent plastics foil or plate material, and which extend to the vicinity of the bottom. A raised floor is provided inside the separated space with suction channels in the raised floor communicating with suction openings in the side walls of the floor and with suction units connected or connectable to the suction channels. The suction units are provided with fine dust filters which are adapted to remove disease germs from the air which is exhausted from the separated part of the space.
US Patent References:
/1194527.html
McNamara - August 1916 - 1194527
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL APPARATUS
Truhan - April 1970 - 3505989
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ISOLATING A PATIENT ZONE
Truhan - May 1970 - 3511162
/1194527.html
McNamara - August 1916 - 1194527
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL APPARATUS
Truhan - April 1970 - 3505989
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ISOLATING A PATIENT ZONE
Truhan - May 1970 - 3511162
Application Number:
05/301095
Publication Date:
04/08/1975
Filing Date:
10/26/1972
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Pielkenrood-Vinitex B.V. (Assendelft, NL)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
55/385.200, 600/21, 454/191, 55/DIG.029
International Classes:
A61G10/02; A61G13/00; F24F3/16; A61G10/00; F24F9/00
Field of Search:
98/36,115R
Primary Examiner:
Perlin, Meyer
Assistant Examiner:
Capossela, Ronald C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Smyth, George F.
Claims:
I claim
1. An assembly for providing an enclosed space to be isolated and separated from its surroundings in that direct air flow from said space to said surroundings is impeded, comprising:
2. The assembly of claim 1, characterized in that additional dust filters are included in the top structure and having a sufficient flow resistance for preventing contaminated air from leaking away through the top structure in the case of failure of a suction unit.
3. The assembly of claim 2, characterized by at least one blower as an air supply to the dust filters of the top structure.
4. The assembly of claim 3, characterized by safety means for switching off the at least one supply blower in the case of failure of a suction unit.
5. The assembly of claim 3 characterized by similar filter-blower units for exhausting as well as for supplying air.
6. The assembly of claim 1, characterized by a baffle arranged adjacent to the bottom at the outer side of a side wall and extending above the lower edge of this side wall, and forming an air lock together with this side wall and the raised platform situated inside this wall.
7. The assembly of claim 6, characterized in that the baffle is formed by a plastics foil lying on the bottom and laid over bars extending parallel to the bottom.
8. The assembly of claim 1 provided with a resilient flap arranged at the outer surface of the upper edge of each side wall, characterized by a resilient flap at the inner surface of this side wall, and delimiting an air lock together with this wall and the outer flap.
9. The assembly of claim 8, characterized by suction openings communicating with the space between both flaps and being connected to a suction unit.
10. The assembly of claim 1, provided with a transfer cabinet, the interior of which communicates with the interior of the separated space by means of a transfer opening in a side wall, characterized by a front lid hinged supported at its upper side for closing the opening of the transfer cabinet, and by suction openings provided in the bottom of this cabinet at least in the vicinity of the lower edge of this lid.
11. The assembly of claim 10, provided with a suction unit arranged below the transfer cabinet, characterized in that the outflow end of this unit is connected to the air supply of the upper side of the assembly so as to obtain a substantially closed circuit into which additional filters are included.
12. The assembly of claim 10, characterized in that in at least one side wall of the transfer cabinet an opening closed by a glove is provided.
1. An assembly for providing an enclosed space to be isolated and separated from its surroundings in that direct air flow from said space to said surroundings is impeded, comprising:
2. The assembly of claim 1, characterized in that additional dust filters are included in the top structure and having a sufficient flow resistance for preventing contaminated air from leaking away through the top structure in the case of failure of a suction unit.
3. The assembly of claim 2, characterized by at least one blower as an air supply to the dust filters of the top structure.
4. The assembly of claim 3, characterized by safety means for switching off the at least one supply blower in the case of failure of a suction unit.
5. The assembly of claim 3 characterized by similar filter-blower units for exhausting as well as for supplying air.
6. The assembly of claim 1, characterized by a baffle arranged adjacent to the bottom at the outer side of a side wall and extending above the lower edge of this side wall, and forming an air lock together with this side wall and the raised platform situated inside this wall.
7. The assembly of claim 6, characterized in that the baffle is formed by a plastics foil lying on the bottom and laid over bars extending parallel to the bottom.
8. The assembly of claim 1 provided with a resilient flap arranged at the outer surface of the upper edge of each side wall, characterized by a resilient flap at the inner surface of this side wall, and delimiting an air lock together with this wall and the outer flap.
9. The assembly of claim 8, characterized by suction openings communicating with the space between both flaps and being connected to a suction unit.
10. The assembly of claim 1, provided with a transfer cabinet, the interior of which communicates with the interior of the separated space by means of a transfer opening in a side wall, characterized by a front lid hinged supported at its upper side for closing the opening of the transfer cabinet, and by suction openings provided in the bottom of this cabinet at least in the vicinity of the lower edge of this lid.
11. The assembly of claim 10, provided with a suction unit arranged below the transfer cabinet, characterized in that the outflow end of this unit is connected to the air supply of the upper side of the assembly so as to obtain a substantially closed circuit into which additional filters are included.
12. The assembly of claim 10, characterized in that in at least one side wall of the transfer cabinet an opening closed by a glove is provided.
Description:
In my copending United States Application Ser. No. 140,549 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,265, filed May 5, 1971, an assembly for separating a dust-free part of a space is described, which is intended for keeping the air inside this part separated from the air outside that part, which assembly comprises an upper wall pervious to air and supported by a frame-work, to which frame-work, moreover said walls are connected consisting, at least partially, of a transparent plastics sheet or plate material, and extending to the vicinity of the floor. This assembly is, furthermore, provided with a filter box above the upper wall which is connected to one or more blowers so as to provide a substantially vertical downwardly directed dust-free air flow inside the separated space, which dust-free air is allowed to escape at the lower side below the side walls. In particular the floor inside this space is raised, and extends to the vicinity of the side walls, so that, there, small exit gaps are provided in which the velocity of the emerging air is sufficiently high for preventing dust from penetrating.
Such an assembly is used for nursing patients which, because of an extremely low resistance against infection or because of a special sensitivity for dust, should be nursed in a dust-free and, therefore, germ-free environment. With such an assembly it is effectively prevented that unfiltered air enters this separated space, and the emerging air can freely flow off into the surroundings. Furthermore, openings with gloves fixed therein and at least one transfer cabinet are provided in the wall, so as to be able to nurse the patient and to provide this patient with food and the like from the outside, without disturbing the dust-free condition within the nursing space.
Patients suffering from very contagious diseases are, in general, nursed in isolation rooms, in which case doctors and nursing and attending personnel must be submitted to cumbersome and time-consuming disinfecting treatments when leaving such a room or hospital department, which is, of course, very objectionable. Moreover visitors cannot be allowed to the isolation rooms, so that they can have only some contact with the patient from the outside through a window, which is disagreeable for both parties.
However, the assembly described in the patent application mentioned above, which is designed for avoiding such objections, is not suitable for nursing such contagious patients, since the air which has contacted the patient can flow off to the environment. The invention provides a special embodiment of such an assembly, so that it becomes suitable for nursing contagious patients.
To that end the assembly according to the invention is characterized by suction channels in the side walls of the raised floor, and by suction units to be connected to these channels and provided with such dust filters that the disease germs are effectively removed from the air exhausted from the separated space.
Furthermore, means are provided for causing inwardly directed leak flows at the upper and lower side of the side walls, the latter, in particular, consisting of pliable transparent plastics curtains, in order to prevent any air from leaking away from the inside of the separated space.
In particular the invention provides a suitable transfer cabinet which is adapted for transferring food and the like towards the inside without contaminated air being able to flow outwards.
The invention will be elucidated below by reference to the drawings, showing in:
FIG. 1 a diagrammatic cross-section of an assembly of the invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 partial sections at a larger scale of two embodiments of special auxiliary means at the lower side of a side wall of such an assembly;
FIG. 4 a partial section at a larger scale of the suspension of a side wall of such an assembly; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 a partial section and front view respectively of a transfer cabinet for such an assembly.
In the drawings parts which correspond, in principle, to parts of the copending Patent Application Ser. No. 140,549 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,265 are indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, these parts will be described only in short, as, for a complete description, reference may be made to this copending application.
The assembly according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 - 4 comprises one or more units 1, each consisting of four columns 2 supporting a top structure constituted by a filter box 3, to which air may be supplied by a supply duct 4. Between these columns side walls 5 are suspended, these walls preferably consisting of transparent plastics curtains with pleats 5'. These side walls extend to the vicinity of the floor, where an air gap 6 remains free. Inside each unit a raised floor or platform 8 with straight side walls 9 is arranged, the latter walls being situated near the side walls 5.
At the upper side below the filter box 3 U-bars 11 are mounted in which rails 12 for rollers 13 are fixed, on which rollers the side walls 5 are suspended. At the outer side of these rails a resilient flap 14 is attached, providing a certain sealing of the upper side of the side walls. Furthermore, in one of the side walls a transfer cabinet 15 is arranged, its inner space 16 communicating, by means of an opening 18 in the adjacent side wall 5, with the interior of the unit 1 in question. Below this cabinet a filter-blower cabinet 17 is provided which is adapted to maintain a certain air flow inside this space 16.
Inside the unit 1 a bed 20 is placed, by means of which a disinfectant may be sprayed into the interior space of this unit. Furthermore, a cavity 22 is provided in the raised floor, through which air may be exhausted from the unit 1.
The purpose of the elements described above in the assembly of the copending patent application is to maintain a vertical air flow inside the unit 1, which air flow is supplied at a given positive pressure in respect of the surroundings, and is allowed to leak away through the bottom gaps 6 and along the flaps 14. In this manner dust is kept away from the space inside the side walls 2, so that a patient may be nursed in a dust-free and germ-free environment. The exhaust through the cavity 22 is exclusively intended for removing harmful vapours of the disinfectant sprayed by the ducts 21, so that these vapours cannot emerge through the gaps 6 into the adjacent space.
On the contrary, the assembly of the invention is intended, in the first place, for nursing patients having a contagious disease, so that air having contacted this patient should be prevented from emerging into the adjacent space. According to the invention, therefore, the air is exhausted from the unit 1 by means of a filter-blower unit 40 which is, in the case shown, constructed as a movable unit connected to the cavity 22 of the floor 8 by means of a hose 41, apertures 42 opening in the outer wall 9 of this floor communicating with this cavity. In this manner, the air is exhausted from the inside of the unit 1 along the side walls 5. Moreover, outside air is sucked in through the gaps 6 too, the latter air flow preventing air from leaking away from the inside of the unit. Instead of a movable unit 40 also a stationary unit may be used which may be positioned in a suitable location. In particular the latter unit may be housed in the space 17 below the cabinet 16.
In order to prevent that by movements of the pliable side walls 5 air would escape from the inside, upstanding boards 43 (FIG. 2) are preferably provided around the lower side of these walls. In this manner the passage for the outside air taken in through the gaps 6 is lengthened and narrowed so that this air flow obtains a sufficient velocity for completely preventing air from leaking away outwardly from the interior of the separated space. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which, instead of the boards 43, horizontal bars or tubes 44 are provided around the lower extremities of the walls 5, a plastics foil 45 being laid over these bars or tubes, which foil, furthermore, extends below the floor 8, and prevents soiling of the bottom.
As shown in FIG. 4, a second flap 46 may be fixed at the upper side of the walls 5 in the channel bars 11, which flap is situated at the inner side of the wall 5 in question. At the upper side of the bar 11 suction openings 47 are provided, communicating, for instance, with the cavity 22 in the floor 8 or directly with the unit 40, so that, at the upper side of the wall 5, the same effect is obtained as at the lower side near the floor 8.
The filters in the box 3 and a supply blower communicating with the supply duct 4 are, in principle, superfluous when there is no objection against outside air entering the unit 1. However, when the upper wall of the unit 1 is open, there is a risk that air will leak away from this unit upwardly in the case of failure of the suction unit 40. Therefore, it is always preferred to provide filters in the box 3 which may prevent contaminated air from leaking away. When the flow resistance of these filters is high, it may occur that the pressure inside the unit 1 becomes too low, and then the pliable walls 2 will be pressed inwards. It is, then, advisable to include a blower in the supply duct 4, and a similar unit 40 may be used to that end, but it is also possible to connect the outflow side of the unit 40 to the duct 4. An advantage of using filters 3 is that the patient to be nursed is protected against infection from the outside by other disease germs.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a special embodiment of a transfer cabinet 15. This cabinet has preferably transparent walls, for instance of rigid plastics plates, and, at the front side, a hinged lid 47 with holes 48 which are closed by gloves 48' is provided. Also in at least one side wall a similar hole 48 with a glove 48' is provided, thus enabling to take over from within an object which is introduced through the front opening after opening the lid only a little. The rear wall of this cabinet is provided with a rigid clamping rim 49 in which the edges of an opening provided in the adjacent side wall 5 of the unit 1 may be clamped. The inner space 16 of this cabinet is, at the lower side, delimited by a working surface 50, and, if desired, shelves 50' may be provided in a lateral part for storing certain objects.
In the space 17 below the transfer cabinet a blower 51 is arranged, having its intake side connected to a slot 52 in the bottom 50, which slot is situated near the lower edge of the lid 47. In this manner an air flow is maintained originating from the vicinity of the filter box 3 and flowing along the front wall and the lid, and, in particular, also along the gloves 48'. As the lid 47 is opened, also ambient air will be sucked in through the opening, so that possibly contaminated air is prevented from flowing out. As indicated by interrupted lines also additional openings 52' may be provided in other points of the bottom for obtaining an additional air curtain. It is also possible to close the opening 18 with a lid or a flexible flap.
The discharge side of the blower 51 may be provided with a filter 53 for allowing the air taken in to be blown off into the environment. It is, however, advisable to connect the discharge side 54 of this filter to the intake side of the filter box 3, in which case simple filters 53 will be sufficient, and it is also possible to omit these filters completely in that case. As mentioned before, the space 17 may also accommodate the complete filter-blower unit for maintaining the desired air flow in the separated space, in which case a separate blower 51 for cabinet 15 may be superfluous.
The suction unit 40 may be constructed in many different ways, and, in particular, the unit described in my copending patent application Ser. No. 140,549 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,265 may be used, in which not only dust-filters for the normal operation of the assembly may be arranged, but also special absorbing beds for absorbing harmful vapours when the interior space of the assembly is being disinfected. Moreover, it is also possible to use separate suction units 40 for the normal filtering operation and for disinfecting purposes respectively.
Of course provisions should be made to prevent air from flowing outwards from the interior of the unit 1 in the case of failure of a suction unit. When a supply blower is included in the supply duct 4, this blower should, then, be switched off, in order to prevent an undue rise of the pressure inside the unit 1.
Such an assembly is used for nursing patients which, because of an extremely low resistance against infection or because of a special sensitivity for dust, should be nursed in a dust-free and, therefore, germ-free environment. With such an assembly it is effectively prevented that unfiltered air enters this separated space, and the emerging air can freely flow off into the surroundings. Furthermore, openings with gloves fixed therein and at least one transfer cabinet are provided in the wall, so as to be able to nurse the patient and to provide this patient with food and the like from the outside, without disturbing the dust-free condition within the nursing space.
Patients suffering from very contagious diseases are, in general, nursed in isolation rooms, in which case doctors and nursing and attending personnel must be submitted to cumbersome and time-consuming disinfecting treatments when leaving such a room or hospital department, which is, of course, very objectionable. Moreover visitors cannot be allowed to the isolation rooms, so that they can have only some contact with the patient from the outside through a window, which is disagreeable for both parties.
However, the assembly described in the patent application mentioned above, which is designed for avoiding such objections, is not suitable for nursing such contagious patients, since the air which has contacted the patient can flow off to the environment. The invention provides a special embodiment of such an assembly, so that it becomes suitable for nursing contagious patients.
To that end the assembly according to the invention is characterized by suction channels in the side walls of the raised floor, and by suction units to be connected to these channels and provided with such dust filters that the disease germs are effectively removed from the air exhausted from the separated space.
Furthermore, means are provided for causing inwardly directed leak flows at the upper and lower side of the side walls, the latter, in particular, consisting of pliable transparent plastics curtains, in order to prevent any air from leaking away from the inside of the separated space.
In particular the invention provides a suitable transfer cabinet which is adapted for transferring food and the like towards the inside without contaminated air being able to flow outwards.
The invention will be elucidated below by reference to the drawings, showing in:
FIG. 1 a diagrammatic cross-section of an assembly of the invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 partial sections at a larger scale of two embodiments of special auxiliary means at the lower side of a side wall of such an assembly;
FIG. 4 a partial section at a larger scale of the suspension of a side wall of such an assembly; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 a partial section and front view respectively of a transfer cabinet for such an assembly.
In the drawings parts which correspond, in principle, to parts of the copending Patent Application Ser. No. 140,549 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,265 are indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, these parts will be described only in short, as, for a complete description, reference may be made to this copending application.
The assembly according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 - 4 comprises one or more units 1, each consisting of four columns 2 supporting a top structure constituted by a filter box 3, to which air may be supplied by a supply duct 4. Between these columns side walls 5 are suspended, these walls preferably consisting of transparent plastics curtains with pleats 5'. These side walls extend to the vicinity of the floor, where an air gap 6 remains free. Inside each unit a raised floor or platform 8 with straight side walls 9 is arranged, the latter walls being situated near the side walls 5.
At the upper side below the filter box 3 U-bars 11 are mounted in which rails 12 for rollers 13 are fixed, on which rollers the side walls 5 are suspended. At the outer side of these rails a resilient flap 14 is attached, providing a certain sealing of the upper side of the side walls. Furthermore, in one of the side walls a transfer cabinet 15 is arranged, its inner space 16 communicating, by means of an opening 18 in the adjacent side wall 5, with the interior of the unit 1 in question. Below this cabinet a filter-blower cabinet 17 is provided which is adapted to maintain a certain air flow inside this space 16.
Inside the unit 1 a bed 20 is placed, by means of which a disinfectant may be sprayed into the interior space of this unit. Furthermore, a cavity 22 is provided in the raised floor, through which air may be exhausted from the unit 1.
The purpose of the elements described above in the assembly of the copending patent application is to maintain a vertical air flow inside the unit 1, which air flow is supplied at a given positive pressure in respect of the surroundings, and is allowed to leak away through the bottom gaps 6 and along the flaps 14. In this manner dust is kept away from the space inside the side walls 2, so that a patient may be nursed in a dust-free and germ-free environment. The exhaust through the cavity 22 is exclusively intended for removing harmful vapours of the disinfectant sprayed by the ducts 21, so that these vapours cannot emerge through the gaps 6 into the adjacent space.
On the contrary, the assembly of the invention is intended, in the first place, for nursing patients having a contagious disease, so that air having contacted this patient should be prevented from emerging into the adjacent space. According to the invention, therefore, the air is exhausted from the unit 1 by means of a filter-blower unit 40 which is, in the case shown, constructed as a movable unit connected to the cavity 22 of the floor 8 by means of a hose 41, apertures 42 opening in the outer wall 9 of this floor communicating with this cavity. In this manner, the air is exhausted from the inside of the unit 1 along the side walls 5. Moreover, outside air is sucked in through the gaps 6 too, the latter air flow preventing air from leaking away from the inside of the unit. Instead of a movable unit 40 also a stationary unit may be used which may be positioned in a suitable location. In particular the latter unit may be housed in the space 17 below the cabinet 16.
In order to prevent that by movements of the pliable side walls 5 air would escape from the inside, upstanding boards 43 (FIG. 2) are preferably provided around the lower side of these walls. In this manner the passage for the outside air taken in through the gaps 6 is lengthened and narrowed so that this air flow obtains a sufficient velocity for completely preventing air from leaking away outwardly from the interior of the separated space. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which, instead of the boards 43, horizontal bars or tubes 44 are provided around the lower extremities of the walls 5, a plastics foil 45 being laid over these bars or tubes, which foil, furthermore, extends below the floor 8, and prevents soiling of the bottom.
As shown in FIG. 4, a second flap 46 may be fixed at the upper side of the walls 5 in the channel bars 11, which flap is situated at the inner side of the wall 5 in question. At the upper side of the bar 11 suction openings 47 are provided, communicating, for instance, with the cavity 22 in the floor 8 or directly with the unit 40, so that, at the upper side of the wall 5, the same effect is obtained as at the lower side near the floor 8.
The filters in the box 3 and a supply blower communicating with the supply duct 4 are, in principle, superfluous when there is no objection against outside air entering the unit 1. However, when the upper wall of the unit 1 is open, there is a risk that air will leak away from this unit upwardly in the case of failure of the suction unit 40. Therefore, it is always preferred to provide filters in the box 3 which may prevent contaminated air from leaking away. When the flow resistance of these filters is high, it may occur that the pressure inside the unit 1 becomes too low, and then the pliable walls 2 will be pressed inwards. It is, then, advisable to include a blower in the supply duct 4, and a similar unit 40 may be used to that end, but it is also possible to connect the outflow side of the unit 40 to the duct 4. An advantage of using filters 3 is that the patient to be nursed is protected against infection from the outside by other disease germs.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a special embodiment of a transfer cabinet 15. This cabinet has preferably transparent walls, for instance of rigid plastics plates, and, at the front side, a hinged lid 47 with holes 48 which are closed by gloves 48' is provided. Also in at least one side wall a similar hole 48 with a glove 48' is provided, thus enabling to take over from within an object which is introduced through the front opening after opening the lid only a little. The rear wall of this cabinet is provided with a rigid clamping rim 49 in which the edges of an opening provided in the adjacent side wall 5 of the unit 1 may be clamped. The inner space 16 of this cabinet is, at the lower side, delimited by a working surface 50, and, if desired, shelves 50' may be provided in a lateral part for storing certain objects.
In the space 17 below the transfer cabinet a blower 51 is arranged, having its intake side connected to a slot 52 in the bottom 50, which slot is situated near the lower edge of the lid 47. In this manner an air flow is maintained originating from the vicinity of the filter box 3 and flowing along the front wall and the lid, and, in particular, also along the gloves 48'. As the lid 47 is opened, also ambient air will be sucked in through the opening, so that possibly contaminated air is prevented from flowing out. As indicated by interrupted lines also additional openings 52' may be provided in other points of the bottom for obtaining an additional air curtain. It is also possible to close the opening 18 with a lid or a flexible flap.
The discharge side of the blower 51 may be provided with a filter 53 for allowing the air taken in to be blown off into the environment. It is, however, advisable to connect the discharge side 54 of this filter to the intake side of the filter box 3, in which case simple filters 53 will be sufficient, and it is also possible to omit these filters completely in that case. As mentioned before, the space 17 may also accommodate the complete filter-blower unit for maintaining the desired air flow in the separated space, in which case a separate blower 51 for cabinet 15 may be superfluous.
The suction unit 40 may be constructed in many different ways, and, in particular, the unit described in my copending patent application Ser. No. 140,549 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,265 may be used, in which not only dust-filters for the normal operation of the assembly may be arranged, but also special absorbing beds for absorbing harmful vapours when the interior space of the assembly is being disinfected. Moreover, it is also possible to use separate suction units 40 for the normal filtering operation and for disinfecting purposes respectively.
Of course provisions should be made to prevent air from flowing outwards from the interior of the unit 1 in the case of failure of a suction unit. When a supply blower is included in the supply duct 4, this blower should, then, be switched off, in order to prevent an undue rise of the pressure inside the unit 1.