Title:
BURNER
United States Patent 3840183
Abstract:
A burner system includes a plurality of evenly pressurized tanks feeding fuel oils to a radial inlet of a tubular housing which has an axial inlet on one end for pressurized air. An ejecting mouthpiece on the other end of the tubular housing has a truncated cavity for causing a thin film of fuel to flow on the converging surface of the truncated cavity to an outlet where the fuel is atomized by tearing off thin films of fuel.
US Patent References:
Gas burner
Barber - April 1922 - 1412767
Oil burner
Wittbold - November 1926 - 1606983
Oil burner
Smith - May 1930 - 1757023
Oil burner
Phipps - January 1954 - 2667384
Apparatus for treating surfaces
Neilson - July 1960 - 2943797
Gas burner
Barber - April 1922 - 1412767
Oil burner
Wittbold - November 1926 - 1606983
Oil burner
Smith - May 1930 - 1757023
Oil burner
Phipps - January 1954 - 2667384
Apparatus for treating surfaces
Neilson - July 1960 - 2943797
Application Number:
05/332314
Publication Date:
10/08/1974
Filing Date:
02/14/1973
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Kabushiki Kaisha Kay Seven (Tokyo, JA)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
239/318, 239/434
International Classes:
B01F3/04; B01F5/04; B01F5/06; F23D11/10; F23D11/38; F23G7/05; F23K5/04; F23K5/10; F23K5/20; B01F13/10; F23D11/36; F23K5/02; B01F13/00; B05B7/30
Field of Search:
239/434,433,318,346,427,427.3,432,434.5,304,305
US Patent References:
| 3408005 | Snow making nozzle | October 1968 | Struble et al. |
Primary Examiner:
Wood Jr., Henson M.
Assistant Examiner:
Love, John J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
O'brien, Anthony A.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A burner system comprising
2. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including
3. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including
4. A burner nozzle described in claim 1, wherein a venturi tube is provided within said mixing chamber of said tubular housing for enhancing an introduction of said fuel oil into said mixing chamber by action of pressurized air flowing therethrough.
1. A burner system comprising
2. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including
3. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including
4. A burner nozzle described in claim 1, wherein a venturi tube is provided within said mixing chamber of said tubular housing for enhancing an introduction of said fuel oil into said mixing chamber by action of pressurized air flowing therethrough.
Description:
The present invention relates to a burner system and more particularly to a burner system employing a nozzle for ejecting fuel oil in atomized condition.
In prior art fuel atomizing systems, there are various types, such as high pressure injection type and revolving particle type. However, such prior art high pressure or revolving particle systems require complicated and expensive mechanisms. Another prior art atomizing system of an air injection type is relatively simple in construction and operates satisfactorily. However, the air injection type was heretofore intended merely for handling relatively volatile light fuel oils. Heavier fuel oils, which are highly viscous and substantially less volatile, are not easily atomized and tend to result in incomplete combustion, thus producing carbon monoxide and air pollution. Moreover, a great deal of unburned carbon and tar will collect in a flue of a burner system using the heavier fuel oil, thus requiring a considerable amount of time and labor for cleaning the burner system. The present invention is devised for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art burning system.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion system for burning hardly combustible or heavy relatively incombustible oil, such as waste oil or C heavy oil, which system is simple and economical to construct.
According to the present invention, there is provided a burner nozzle comprising a tubular housing including a mixing chamber for receiving pressurized air and fuel, air supply conduit means having one end connected to said tubular housing axially thereof so as to open to said mixing chamber and the other end connected to a pressurized air supply source, fuel supply conduit means having one end connected to said tubular housing in peripheral portion thereof and the other end connected to a pressurized oil supply source, and ejector means mounted within said tubular housing at one end thereof and having a truncated internal cavity for forming a thin film of fuel around said cavity and enabling said pressurized air to be directed axially of said cavity.
Now, one preferred embodiment of the burner nozzle according to the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example with reference to accompanying drawings, in which,
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view showing the burner nozzle according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view showing a variation of the burner nozzle in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a combustion system incorporating the burner nozzle in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a burner nozzle according to the present invention comprising a tubular housing 1 forming a mixing chamber 1M with a pressurized air supply tube 8 connected axially to the mixing chamber, at one end of the tubular housing 1 and with an oil supply tube 9 connected to the mixing chamber in the peripheral portion of the tubular housing 1, together with an ejecting mouthpiece 2 mounted on the other end of the tubular housing. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 is provided at its right end as shown in FIG. 1 with an ejecting opening 4 of dish shape, and internally with a truncated cavity 3. The cavity 3 conveys from a portion adjacent to the mixing chamber 1M toward the ejecting opening 4. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 is encased within a sleeve 5, which is connected to the tubular housing 1 at the right end of the housing 1 by means of a thimble nut 7 threaded over the sleeve 5. The left hand end of the thimble nut 7 is engaged with an annular flange 1F provided on the tubular housing at the right end of the housing 1. Oil injected radially into the mixing chamber 1M out of the oil supply tube 9 is mixed up with air discharged axially of the tubular housing 1, conveyed rightwardly and will be collected in a thin film 3F on the surface of the truncated cavity 3 which is formed internally in the ejecting mouthpiece 2. The thin film 3F of oil is constantly moved rightwardly toward the ejecting opening 4, torn off into small particles by action of high speed air flow ejected out of the opening 4 and thereafter will float in the flowing air.
FIG. 2 shows a modification of the nozzle in FIG. 1, wherein a venturi tube 11 is mounted concentrically within the mixing chamber 1M. The venturi tube 11 has tapered passages 12 and 13 with a constricted throat portion 14 located intermediate both and is provided externally with a reduced portion 16, thereby forming a concentric cavity 16 between the tubular housing 1 and the venturi tube 11. The concentric cavity 16 communicates with the oil supply tube 9, and is connected to the constricted throat portion 14 of the venturi tube 11 by means of a radial passage 15. Therefore, the oil injected into the tubular housing 1 from the supply tube 9 will be directed to the constricted throat portion of the venturi tube 11 via the concentric cavity 16 and the radial passage 15. The venturi tube 11 will facilitate the supply of fuel oil and enhance the mixing of oil and air.
FIG. 3 shows an overall schematic view showing a whole combustion system incorporating the burner nozzle 10 as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. The burner nozzle 10 is mounted on a furnace 17. The air supply tube 8 connected at one end to the burner nozzle 10 axially thereof is connected at the other end to a pressurized air tank 18, which is in turn connected to a compressor 19. The oil supply tube 9 communicating to the burner nozzle 10 in the peripheral portion therof is connected respectively to a hardly combustible oil tank 21, light oil tank 22 and additive or catalyst tank 23, all of which tanks are connected by branch pipes 24, 25 and 26 respectively to the pipe 9. All three tanks 21, 22 and 23 are located substantially at the same elevation and provided respectively with a feed pump 28, 29 and 30, which will feed respectively hardly combustible oil, light oil and catalyst into the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 respectively from a hardly combustible oil reservoir 31, light oil reservoir 32 and catalyst reservoir 33. Control switches 37, 38 and 39 are mounted respectively on the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23, and will control the operation of the feed pump 28, 29 and 30 respectively in response to liquid level within the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 sensed through communication pipes 37A, 38A and 39A respectively. Wires 40, 41 and 42 connect respectively the switches 37, 38 and 39 to the feed pumps 28, 29 and 30. The feed pumps 28, 29 and 30 are connected respectively to the pressurized tanks 21, 22 and 23 by means of supply pipes 34, 35 and 36 respectively.
The hardly combustible oil tank 21, the light oil tank 22 and the catalyst tank 23 are connected to a pressurized air supply pipe 27, which is communicated with a pressurized air supply source 18, through control valves 27A, 27B and 27C respectively. Therefore, a pressure is applied on liquid surface in each tank when the respective valve 27A, 27B, and 27C on each tank is opened, and the liquid in each tank will be forced into the burner nozzle 10 via the supply pipe 24, 25 and 26. By 46 is denoted a heating element located within each pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23. A blower 20 for supplying secondary air into the combustion chamber 50 is mounted on the furnace 17.
Control valves 43, 44 and 45 are inserted respectively into the hardly combustible oil supply pipe 24, the light oil supply pipe 25 and the catalyst supply pipe 26 so as to regulate a ratio of the light oil and the catalyst to the hardly combustible oil, all of which are mixed together within the burner nozzle 10.
In operation, the hardly combustible oil in the pressurized tank 21 is heated beforehand by using the heating element 46 so as to enhance fluidity of the oil. A valve 47 on the pressurized air line 8 is opened for ventilating the combustion chamber 50. Then, the combustion is started by feeding the light oil into the nozzle 10 by opening the valve 44 on the light oil supply line 25 after having ignition means (not shown) turned on. After the combustion chamber has been heated at a predetermined temperature, the control valve 43 and 45 on the hardly combustible oil supply line 24 the catalyst supply line 26 will be opened so as to feed the hardly combustible oil and catalyst to the burner nozzle 10, simultaneously closing the control valve 44 on the light oil supply line 25. The hardly combustible oil which is heated beforehand will be atomized when ejected out of the mouthpiece 2 and then burned.
As described hereinabove, the oil supplied into the burner nozzle 10 will be collected in a thin film on the inner surface of the tubular housing 1 and the truncated cavity 3 formed in the ejecting mouthpiece 2. And this thin film is torn off into small particles when discharged out of the mouthpiece 2 by action of high speed air flow axially of the nozzle. It is expected that the thin film of the oil will form bubbles containing air therein, similar to soap bubbles, and will be burnt completely with a sufficient supply of oxygen according to the present invention. Since it is not necessary to reduce unduly the size of the ejecting opening 4 of the mouthpiece 2, sludges or foreign matters, if any, present in the hardly combustible oil, such as waste oil, will not clog up the nozzle. No carbon will collect on the nozzle, thus eliminating the necessity of cleaning, since the combustion is carried out completely.
Since constant pressure is applied at all times on the liquid surface within each tank, desired quantities of liquid are automatically supplied to the nozzle in a predetermined ratio dependent upon regulation of control valves on the liquid supply lines. Therefore, the nozzle according to the present invention is suitable for mixing up to two or more different kinds of oil at a predetermined ratio for burning purpose.
In prior art fuel atomizing systems, there are various types, such as high pressure injection type and revolving particle type. However, such prior art high pressure or revolving particle systems require complicated and expensive mechanisms. Another prior art atomizing system of an air injection type is relatively simple in construction and operates satisfactorily. However, the air injection type was heretofore intended merely for handling relatively volatile light fuel oils. Heavier fuel oils, which are highly viscous and substantially less volatile, are not easily atomized and tend to result in incomplete combustion, thus producing carbon monoxide and air pollution. Moreover, a great deal of unburned carbon and tar will collect in a flue of a burner system using the heavier fuel oil, thus requiring a considerable amount of time and labor for cleaning the burner system. The present invention is devised for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art burning system.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion system for burning hardly combustible or heavy relatively incombustible oil, such as waste oil or C heavy oil, which system is simple and economical to construct.
According to the present invention, there is provided a burner nozzle comprising a tubular housing including a mixing chamber for receiving pressurized air and fuel, air supply conduit means having one end connected to said tubular housing axially thereof so as to open to said mixing chamber and the other end connected to a pressurized air supply source, fuel supply conduit means having one end connected to said tubular housing in peripheral portion thereof and the other end connected to a pressurized oil supply source, and ejector means mounted within said tubular housing at one end thereof and having a truncated internal cavity for forming a thin film of fuel around said cavity and enabling said pressurized air to be directed axially of said cavity.
Now, one preferred embodiment of the burner nozzle according to the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example with reference to accompanying drawings, in which,
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view showing the burner nozzle according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view showing a variation of the burner nozzle in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a combustion system incorporating the burner nozzle in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a burner nozzle according to the present invention comprising a tubular housing 1 forming a mixing chamber 1M with a pressurized air supply tube 8 connected axially to the mixing chamber, at one end of the tubular housing 1 and with an oil supply tube 9 connected to the mixing chamber in the peripheral portion of the tubular housing 1, together with an ejecting mouthpiece 2 mounted on the other end of the tubular housing. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 is provided at its right end as shown in FIG. 1 with an ejecting opening 4 of dish shape, and internally with a truncated cavity 3. The cavity 3 conveys from a portion adjacent to the mixing chamber 1M toward the ejecting opening 4. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 is encased within a sleeve 5, which is connected to the tubular housing 1 at the right end of the housing 1 by means of a thimble nut 7 threaded over the sleeve 5. The left hand end of the thimble nut 7 is engaged with an annular flange 1F provided on the tubular housing at the right end of the housing 1. Oil injected radially into the mixing chamber 1M out of the oil supply tube 9 is mixed up with air discharged axially of the tubular housing 1, conveyed rightwardly and will be collected in a thin film 3F on the surface of the truncated cavity 3 which is formed internally in the ejecting mouthpiece 2. The thin film 3F of oil is constantly moved rightwardly toward the ejecting opening 4, torn off into small particles by action of high speed air flow ejected out of the opening 4 and thereafter will float in the flowing air.
FIG. 2 shows a modification of the nozzle in FIG. 1, wherein a venturi tube 11 is mounted concentrically within the mixing chamber 1M. The venturi tube 11 has tapered passages 12 and 13 with a constricted throat portion 14 located intermediate both and is provided externally with a reduced portion 16, thereby forming a concentric cavity 16 between the tubular housing 1 and the venturi tube 11. The concentric cavity 16 communicates with the oil supply tube 9, and is connected to the constricted throat portion 14 of the venturi tube 11 by means of a radial passage 15. Therefore, the oil injected into the tubular housing 1 from the supply tube 9 will be directed to the constricted throat portion of the venturi tube 11 via the concentric cavity 16 and the radial passage 15. The venturi tube 11 will facilitate the supply of fuel oil and enhance the mixing of oil and air.
FIG. 3 shows an overall schematic view showing a whole combustion system incorporating the burner nozzle 10 as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. The burner nozzle 10 is mounted on a furnace 17. The air supply tube 8 connected at one end to the burner nozzle 10 axially thereof is connected at the other end to a pressurized air tank 18, which is in turn connected to a compressor 19. The oil supply tube 9 communicating to the burner nozzle 10 in the peripheral portion therof is connected respectively to a hardly combustible oil tank 21, light oil tank 22 and additive or catalyst tank 23, all of which tanks are connected by branch pipes 24, 25 and 26 respectively to the pipe 9. All three tanks 21, 22 and 23 are located substantially at the same elevation and provided respectively with a feed pump 28, 29 and 30, which will feed respectively hardly combustible oil, light oil and catalyst into the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 respectively from a hardly combustible oil reservoir 31, light oil reservoir 32 and catalyst reservoir 33. Control switches 37, 38 and 39 are mounted respectively on the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23, and will control the operation of the feed pump 28, 29 and 30 respectively in response to liquid level within the pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 sensed through communication pipes 37A, 38A and 39A respectively. Wires 40, 41 and 42 connect respectively the switches 37, 38 and 39 to the feed pumps 28, 29 and 30. The feed pumps 28, 29 and 30 are connected respectively to the pressurized tanks 21, 22 and 23 by means of supply pipes 34, 35 and 36 respectively.
The hardly combustible oil tank 21, the light oil tank 22 and the catalyst tank 23 are connected to a pressurized air supply pipe 27, which is communicated with a pressurized air supply source 18, through control valves 27A, 27B and 27C respectively. Therefore, a pressure is applied on liquid surface in each tank when the respective valve 27A, 27B, and 27C on each tank is opened, and the liquid in each tank will be forced into the burner nozzle 10 via the supply pipe 24, 25 and 26. By 46 is denoted a heating element located within each pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23. A blower 20 for supplying secondary air into the combustion chamber 50 is mounted on the furnace 17.
Control valves 43, 44 and 45 are inserted respectively into the hardly combustible oil supply pipe 24, the light oil supply pipe 25 and the catalyst supply pipe 26 so as to regulate a ratio of the light oil and the catalyst to the hardly combustible oil, all of which are mixed together within the burner nozzle 10.
In operation, the hardly combustible oil in the pressurized tank 21 is heated beforehand by using the heating element 46 so as to enhance fluidity of the oil. A valve 47 on the pressurized air line 8 is opened for ventilating the combustion chamber 50. Then, the combustion is started by feeding the light oil into the nozzle 10 by opening the valve 44 on the light oil supply line 25 after having ignition means (not shown) turned on. After the combustion chamber has been heated at a predetermined temperature, the control valve 43 and 45 on the hardly combustible oil supply line 24 the catalyst supply line 26 will be opened so as to feed the hardly combustible oil and catalyst to the burner nozzle 10, simultaneously closing the control valve 44 on the light oil supply line 25. The hardly combustible oil which is heated beforehand will be atomized when ejected out of the mouthpiece 2 and then burned.
As described hereinabove, the oil supplied into the burner nozzle 10 will be collected in a thin film on the inner surface of the tubular housing 1 and the truncated cavity 3 formed in the ejecting mouthpiece 2. And this thin film is torn off into small particles when discharged out of the mouthpiece 2 by action of high speed air flow axially of the nozzle. It is expected that the thin film of the oil will form bubbles containing air therein, similar to soap bubbles, and will be burnt completely with a sufficient supply of oxygen according to the present invention. Since it is not necessary to reduce unduly the size of the ejecting opening 4 of the mouthpiece 2, sludges or foreign matters, if any, present in the hardly combustible oil, such as waste oil, will not clog up the nozzle. No carbon will collect on the nozzle, thus eliminating the necessity of cleaning, since the combustion is carried out completely.
Since constant pressure is applied at all times on the liquid surface within each tank, desired quantities of liquid are automatically supplied to the nozzle in a predetermined ratio dependent upon regulation of control valves on the liquid supply lines. Therefore, the nozzle according to the present invention is suitable for mixing up to two or more different kinds of oil at a predetermined ratio for burning purpose.