EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE PARTITION STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF
United States Patent 3837560
A partition structure for shipping or storage containers having a plurality of interfitting partition strips with interlocking slots and with the partition strips being formed of expanded polystyrene. In one form thereof, the planar faces of a partition strip have a relatively low density because of said surfaces being formed by saw cut from a block of expanded polystyrene, while the entire peripheral edge of the partition strip, including the interlocking slots, are formed by hot wire cutting to have a higher density on the surface thereof to provide greater physical strength for the partition strip.
US Patent References:
Method of producing carton liners and partitions
Santelli - June 1965 - 3190943
Welded containers
Lux et al. - September 1967 - 3342365
Unitary collapsible partition
Brinkama et al. - May 1968 - 3383027
Corner cushions
Carmody - October 1968 - 3404827
FOAMED POLYVINYLAROMATIC RESIN PRODUCTS HAVING ELONGATED CELLS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO A SURFACE SKIN AND THEIR MANUFACTURE
Gilbert - March 1969 - 3431164
Method of producing carton liners and partitions
Santelli - June 1965 - 3190943
Welded containers
Lux et al. - September 1967 - 3342365
Unitary collapsible partition
Brinkama et al. - May 1968 - 3383027
Corner cushions
Carmody - October 1968 - 3404827
FOAMED POLYVINYLAROMATIC RESIN PRODUCTS HAVING ELONGATED CELLS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO A SURFACE SKIN AND THEIR MANUFACTURE
Gilbert - March 1969 - 3431164
Inventors:
Kuchuris, Louis G. (Chicago, IL)
Gembicki, Stanley (Des Plaines, IL)
Gembicki, Stanley (Des Plaines, IL)
Application Number:
05/254749
Publication Date:
09/24/1974
Filing Date:
05/18/1972
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Cutting Equipment Leasing, Inc. (Chicago, IL)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
217/34, 220/510, 220/552, 217/31, 428/116
International Classes:
B26D1/00; B65D5/49; B65D5/48; B65D5/48
Field of Search:
229/15,146 217/31,34,35 206/46F,46C 220/DIG.14,9F,22
US Patent References:
Primary Examiner:
Dixson Jr., William T.
Assistant Examiner:
Marcus, Stephen
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Hofgren, Wegner, Allen, Stellman & McCord
Claims:
We claim
1. A partition strip for interlocking relation with other such strips to form a partition structure usable in a shipping or storage container comprising a generally planar integral body of expanded polystyrene material with a series of slots extending for part of the height thereof for interlock with other partition strips, the generally planar faces of said body having a relative low density for cushioning contact with a product and the edges of said strip including the surfaces of said slots being partially melted in shaping thereof to have a substantially uniform higher density and being in tension for adding structural strength to the strip.
1. A partition strip for interlocking relation with other such strips to form a partition structure usable in a shipping or storage container comprising a generally planar integral body of expanded polystyrene material with a series of slots extending for part of the height thereof for interlock with other partition strips, the generally planar faces of said body having a relative low density for cushioning contact with a product and the edges of said strip including the surfaces of said slots being partially melted in shaping thereof to have a substantially uniform higher density and being in tension for adding structural strength to the strip.
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention pertains to partition structure and, more particularly, to partition strips formed of expanded polystyrene.
Partition structures for shipping and storage containers, as generally known prior to this invention, are formed from corrugated paper material. Such structures are relatively expensive considering the cost of raw materials and labor in manufacture. Apart from the cost thereof, a less than satisfactory partition structure results because the paper material has many properties which are undesirable in the shipping and storing of material. The paper is subject to mold, staining, combustion, water damage and, once subject to crushing forces, does not have any memory to return to its original shape.
SUMMARY
With the partition structure and partition strips disclosed herein and formed of expanded polystyrene, the partition is a relatively inert structure which is not subject to water damage, mold, staining and is practically noncombustible and a vapor barrier. Additionally, the cost of the raw material and labor, in forming the partition strips, is less than that of conventional corrugated paper partition structure, adding to the advantages thereof. The resulting partition structure is relatively lightweight and provides the desired cushioning contact and structural strength for a shipping container without substantial addition to the shipping weight of the container.
In addition to the novelty of the partition strip formed of expanded polystyrene, it is possible to provide a one-piece laminate, in effect, with the planar faces of the partition strip being formed by saw-cutting of the strip from a block of expanded polystyrene to have the faces with the same low density as that of the basic block from which they are formed, while the entire peripheral edge, including the interlocking slots formed in a partition strip, are subject to hot wire formation to provide melting of the surface of the partition strip along the entire edge. This melting provides a relatively high density layer along the surface of the partition strip edge to provide added structural strength and also forms a tension surface to provide a prestressed beam effect for the partition strip. The hot wire forming of the interlocking slots, due to the melting of the surface polystyrene, also provides strength to the interlocking slots.
Additionally disclosed herein is a novel method of forming the partition strips wherein a block of expanded polystyrene has its top, bottom and sides and a plurality of interlocking slots shaped by hot wire cutting to form the higher density surface layer followed by saw cuts of successive partition strips along a line transverse to the length of the block to have the exposed planar faces of the partition strip of unmodified low density expanded polystyrene for cushioning contact with a product.
In view of the foregoing, a general object of this invention is to provide a new and improved partition structure wherein interlocking partition strips are formed of expanded polystyrene.
Another object of the invention is to provide a partition strip for interlocking relation with other such strips to form a partition structure usable in shipping or storage containers comprising a generally planar integral body of expanded polystyrene with the planar faces of said body having relatively low density for cushioning contact with the product and the edge of the strip having a higher density for adding structural strength to the strip.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a partition structure for shipping and storage containers having a plurality of interfitting partition strips with interlocking slots wherein the partition strips are formed of a molded plastic material and with the partition strip having generally planar faces with relatively low density for cushioning contact with the product and the peripheral edge of the strip having a higher density for added structural strength.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of forming a partition strip and a partition strip resulting from said method wherein successive partition strips are sawed from a block of expanded polystyrene to have the planar faces thereof of the same density as the basic block of material and with the slots formed in the partition strip and the entire edge of the strip being preformed prior to sawing by hot wire cutting applied to the block with resulting melting of expanded polystyrene at the surfaces contacted by the hot wire to form a higher density surface layer in the partition strip.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool usable in forming the interlocking slots in a block of expanded polystyrene prior to formation of an individual partition strip;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the saw-cutting of a partition strip from a block of expanded polystyrene;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a formed partition strip;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a partition structure showing a plurality of interlocked partition strips; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, enlarged view of a part of a partition strip showing the different density between the major part of the body of the partition strip and the edge thereof, with the latter being formed by hot wire cutting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED METHOD AND EMBODIMENT
In describing the method, reference may be made to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein a block 10 of expanded polystyrene is shown. This block has a length extending from left to right as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2, with a top 11 and a bottom (not shown) and with a front side 12 and rear side (not shown). One end is indicated at 15. This block 10 has a height and width equal to the height and length, respectively, of a partition strip indicated generally at 20 in FIG. 3.
The top 11, bottom and front side 12 and rear side of the block 10 are formed by hot wire cutting prior to the step of the method illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, a tool, which is illustrative only, is provided for hot wire forming of a plurality of slots 21, 22, and 23 in the partition strip 20. A plurality of hot wires 24, 25 and 26 are, as known in the art, electrically heated and suitably mounted in a vertically-movable frame, indicated generally at 30, whereby they may be lowered into the block 10 to a desired depth to form the interlocking slots 21-23 by melting of the expanded polystyrene. Following formation of the interlocking slots along the entire length of the block 10, the block 10 is then moved relative to a saw-cut device, such as a band saw, indicated generally at 40, having a travelling blade 41, to cut successive partition strips 20 of the desired thickness from the block 10. This is accomplished by relative movement between the block and the blade along a line transverse to the length of the block with successive repositioning of the block and blade relative to each other for a succeeding cut. After the step performed as shown in FIG. 2, the partition strip 20 is then complete and is as shown in FIG. 3. A series of partition strips 20a are then positioned in spaced, parallel relation with their interlocking slots faced upwardly and are interfitted with an inverted series of parallel spaced partition strips 20b to form the partition structure illustrated in FIG. 4.
With the method as described herein, the entire peripheral edge of the partition strip 20 including a bottom edge 50, the front and rear edges 51 and 52, respectively, and the top edge 53 including the entire surface of the interlocking slots 21-23 are initially formed by hot wire cutting which results in melting of the expanded polystyrene. This melting results in a relatively high density surface layer, as illustrated at 60 in FIG. 5, while the major part of the partition strip is of a low density and the same as that of the basic block 10 of expanded polystyrene and as indicated at 61 in FIG. 5. This results in the formation of a tension surface for the partition strip about the entire edge thereof having a higher density for structural strength and, in effect, providing a prestressed beam effect for the partition strip, and with resultant strengthening of the bottom of the interlocking slots.
The generally planar partition strip 20 has a pair of opposed planar faces, with one face 70 shown in FIG. 3 and with each of these faces being formed by the saw-cut step of the method illustrated in FIG. 2. The saw cut results in the formation of the partition strip from the block 10 without creating any dust and without any modification of the density of the planar surface whereby the density is the same as that of the basic block and is of a relatively low value. This results in "soft" surfaces for the partition strips which can be in cushioning contact with a product in a shipping or storage container and when the partition strips are assembled into the partition grid structure illustrated in FIG. 4.
The partition strips of expanded polystyrene are capable of meeting many different packaging requirements. The basic block 10 can be selected to have a density in the range of 1 pound per cubic foot, or less, up to a density of 4 to 5 pounds per cubic foot. This results in planar faces for the partition strip which are relatively soft but which still have a memory to return to the initial shape after compression. The surface layer density along the peripheral edge of the partition strip and in the slots 21-23 of the strip can then be controlled by the hot wire cutting process, with density variation being controlled by the temperature of the wire, the diameter of the wire, and the speed of travel of the wire relative to the block 10 in the formation of the slots as well as the initial shaping of the block 10. Additionally, the size of the slots 21-23 of the partition strip 20 can also be varied by control of the temperature, diameter, and speed of travel of the wires 24-26, shown in FIG. 1.
With the structure and process disclosed herein, it will be seen that partition strips are provided of relatively low-cost basic material and minimal production cost wherein the partition strip, in effect, is an integral laminate with a high density peripheral edge surface to provide for handling strength and resistance to crushing of the partition strip, while the planar faces thereof are of low density to provide maximum cushioning effect in contact with products.
Examination of a partition strip made by the process disclosed herein shows that the planar faces thereof have a relatively smooth, soft surface, while the peripheral edge around the entire partition strip, including the interlocking slots, has a rougher and harder surface.
As an example, partition strips of expanded polystyrene have been found to perform satisfactorily wherein the density of the basic block 10 is approximately 1/2 pound per cubic foot and with the peripheral edge of the strip being formed by hot wire cutting to have a surface layer with a density of approximately 40 pounds per cubic foot. These values are not limiting, but are only given as an example of one particular strip made by the process disclosed herein.
This invention pertains to partition structure and, more particularly, to partition strips formed of expanded polystyrene.
Partition structures for shipping and storage containers, as generally known prior to this invention, are formed from corrugated paper material. Such structures are relatively expensive considering the cost of raw materials and labor in manufacture. Apart from the cost thereof, a less than satisfactory partition structure results because the paper material has many properties which are undesirable in the shipping and storing of material. The paper is subject to mold, staining, combustion, water damage and, once subject to crushing forces, does not have any memory to return to its original shape.
SUMMARY
With the partition structure and partition strips disclosed herein and formed of expanded polystyrene, the partition is a relatively inert structure which is not subject to water damage, mold, staining and is practically noncombustible and a vapor barrier. Additionally, the cost of the raw material and labor, in forming the partition strips, is less than that of conventional corrugated paper partition structure, adding to the advantages thereof. The resulting partition structure is relatively lightweight and provides the desired cushioning contact and structural strength for a shipping container without substantial addition to the shipping weight of the container.
In addition to the novelty of the partition strip formed of expanded polystyrene, it is possible to provide a one-piece laminate, in effect, with the planar faces of the partition strip being formed by saw-cutting of the strip from a block of expanded polystyrene to have the faces with the same low density as that of the basic block from which they are formed, while the entire peripheral edge, including the interlocking slots formed in a partition strip, are subject to hot wire formation to provide melting of the surface of the partition strip along the entire edge. This melting provides a relatively high density layer along the surface of the partition strip edge to provide added structural strength and also forms a tension surface to provide a prestressed beam effect for the partition strip. The hot wire forming of the interlocking slots, due to the melting of the surface polystyrene, also provides strength to the interlocking slots.
Additionally disclosed herein is a novel method of forming the partition strips wherein a block of expanded polystyrene has its top, bottom and sides and a plurality of interlocking slots shaped by hot wire cutting to form the higher density surface layer followed by saw cuts of successive partition strips along a line transverse to the length of the block to have the exposed planar faces of the partition strip of unmodified low density expanded polystyrene for cushioning contact with a product.
In view of the foregoing, a general object of this invention is to provide a new and improved partition structure wherein interlocking partition strips are formed of expanded polystyrene.
Another object of the invention is to provide a partition strip for interlocking relation with other such strips to form a partition structure usable in shipping or storage containers comprising a generally planar integral body of expanded polystyrene with the planar faces of said body having relatively low density for cushioning contact with the product and the edge of the strip having a higher density for adding structural strength to the strip.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a partition structure for shipping and storage containers having a plurality of interfitting partition strips with interlocking slots wherein the partition strips are formed of a molded plastic material and with the partition strip having generally planar faces with relatively low density for cushioning contact with the product and the peripheral edge of the strip having a higher density for added structural strength.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of forming a partition strip and a partition strip resulting from said method wherein successive partition strips are sawed from a block of expanded polystyrene to have the planar faces thereof of the same density as the basic block of material and with the slots formed in the partition strip and the entire edge of the strip being preformed prior to sawing by hot wire cutting applied to the block with resulting melting of expanded polystyrene at the surfaces contacted by the hot wire to form a higher density surface layer in the partition strip.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool usable in forming the interlocking slots in a block of expanded polystyrene prior to formation of an individual partition strip;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the saw-cutting of a partition strip from a block of expanded polystyrene;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a formed partition strip;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a partition structure showing a plurality of interlocked partition strips; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, enlarged view of a part of a partition strip showing the different density between the major part of the body of the partition strip and the edge thereof, with the latter being formed by hot wire cutting.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED METHOD AND EMBODIMENT
In describing the method, reference may be made to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein a block 10 of expanded polystyrene is shown. This block has a length extending from left to right as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2, with a top 11 and a bottom (not shown) and with a front side 12 and rear side (not shown). One end is indicated at 15. This block 10 has a height and width equal to the height and length, respectively, of a partition strip indicated generally at 20 in FIG. 3.
The top 11, bottom and front side 12 and rear side of the block 10 are formed by hot wire cutting prior to the step of the method illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, a tool, which is illustrative only, is provided for hot wire forming of a plurality of slots 21, 22, and 23 in the partition strip 20. A plurality of hot wires 24, 25 and 26 are, as known in the art, electrically heated and suitably mounted in a vertically-movable frame, indicated generally at 30, whereby they may be lowered into the block 10 to a desired depth to form the interlocking slots 21-23 by melting of the expanded polystyrene. Following formation of the interlocking slots along the entire length of the block 10, the block 10 is then moved relative to a saw-cut device, such as a band saw, indicated generally at 40, having a travelling blade 41, to cut successive partition strips 20 of the desired thickness from the block 10. This is accomplished by relative movement between the block and the blade along a line transverse to the length of the block with successive repositioning of the block and blade relative to each other for a succeeding cut. After the step performed as shown in FIG. 2, the partition strip 20 is then complete and is as shown in FIG. 3. A series of partition strips 20a are then positioned in spaced, parallel relation with their interlocking slots faced upwardly and are interfitted with an inverted series of parallel spaced partition strips 20b to form the partition structure illustrated in FIG. 4.
With the method as described herein, the entire peripheral edge of the partition strip 20 including a bottom edge 50, the front and rear edges 51 and 52, respectively, and the top edge 53 including the entire surface of the interlocking slots 21-23 are initially formed by hot wire cutting which results in melting of the expanded polystyrene. This melting results in a relatively high density surface layer, as illustrated at 60 in FIG. 5, while the major part of the partition strip is of a low density and the same as that of the basic block 10 of expanded polystyrene and as indicated at 61 in FIG. 5. This results in the formation of a tension surface for the partition strip about the entire edge thereof having a higher density for structural strength and, in effect, providing a prestressed beam effect for the partition strip, and with resultant strengthening of the bottom of the interlocking slots.
The generally planar partition strip 20 has a pair of opposed planar faces, with one face 70 shown in FIG. 3 and with each of these faces being formed by the saw-cut step of the method illustrated in FIG. 2. The saw cut results in the formation of the partition strip from the block 10 without creating any dust and without any modification of the density of the planar surface whereby the density is the same as that of the basic block and is of a relatively low value. This results in "soft" surfaces for the partition strips which can be in cushioning contact with a product in a shipping or storage container and when the partition strips are assembled into the partition grid structure illustrated in FIG. 4.
The partition strips of expanded polystyrene are capable of meeting many different packaging requirements. The basic block 10 can be selected to have a density in the range of 1 pound per cubic foot, or less, up to a density of 4 to 5 pounds per cubic foot. This results in planar faces for the partition strip which are relatively soft but which still have a memory to return to the initial shape after compression. The surface layer density along the peripheral edge of the partition strip and in the slots 21-23 of the strip can then be controlled by the hot wire cutting process, with density variation being controlled by the temperature of the wire, the diameter of the wire, and the speed of travel of the wire relative to the block 10 in the formation of the slots as well as the initial shaping of the block 10. Additionally, the size of the slots 21-23 of the partition strip 20 can also be varied by control of the temperature, diameter, and speed of travel of the wires 24-26, shown in FIG. 1.
With the structure and process disclosed herein, it will be seen that partition strips are provided of relatively low-cost basic material and minimal production cost wherein the partition strip, in effect, is an integral laminate with a high density peripheral edge surface to provide for handling strength and resistance to crushing of the partition strip, while the planar faces thereof are of low density to provide maximum cushioning effect in contact with products.
Examination of a partition strip made by the process disclosed herein shows that the planar faces thereof have a relatively smooth, soft surface, while the peripheral edge around the entire partition strip, including the interlocking slots, has a rougher and harder surface.
As an example, partition strips of expanded polystyrene have been found to perform satisfactorily wherein the density of the basic block 10 is approximately 1/2 pound per cubic foot and with the peripheral edge of the strip being formed by hot wire cutting to have a surface layer with a density of approximately 40 pounds per cubic foot. These values are not limiting, but are only given as an example of one particular strip made by the process disclosed herein.