AUTOMATIC WEAPON WITH SELF LOCKING BOLT BREECH BLOCK
United States Patent 3789730
An automatic weapon including a self locking bolt which comprises a weapon casing defining a loading chamber. A breech block moves forwards and back and is adapted to insert a cartridge into the loading chamber during the forward movement of the breech block. At least three laterally pivotable locking bolts are provided symmetrically to the longitudinal central axis of the breech block, for complete locking of the breech block against the weapon casing.
US Patent References:
Slide bolt action for firearms
Hampton - November 1958 - 2861374
Breech mechanism for automatic firearms
Linder - August 1960 - 2948195
Slide bolt action for firearms
Hampton - November 1958 - 2861374
Breech mechanism for automatic firearms
Linder - August 1960 - 2948195
Application Number:
05/174369
Publication Date:
02/05/1974
Filing Date:
08/24/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Rheinmetall GmbH (Dusseldorf, DT)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
89/190, 89/33.040, 42/25
International Classes:
F41A3/40; F41A9/37; F41A3/00; F41A9/00; F41D9/02; F41D3/00
Field of Search:
42/25 89/33SF,176,182,183,190
Primary Examiner:
Bentley, Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Montague, Ernest G.
Claims:
1. An automatic weapon including a self locking bolt comprising
2. An automatic weapon including a self locking bolt comprising
2. An automatic weapon including a self locking bolt comprising
Description:
The present invention relates to an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block.
Breech blocks for automatic weapons, in which the breech block is locked to the breech housing by means of pivotable locking bolts, are generally referred to as self locking bolt breech blocks. In this case the locking bolts are pivotally mounted at both sides in the breech block. After the completed countercoil of the breech block, after it has inserted a cartridge in the loading chamber of the gun barrel, the locking bolts pivot outwardly and engage in appropriate recesses provided in the breech housing, in which case the forces acting on the breech block of the breech at the time of firing are transmitted by the locking bolts to the weapon or breech housing. Thus considerable surface pressure is applied to the support faces at the breech block and the breech housing.
In an effort to increase the efficiency of the guns and the ammunition, and in order to obtain as high as possible rate of fire, a comparatively short recoil path for the breech block and a comparatively small recoil force of the breech block are desired. The breech block should thus, on the one hand, be as short as possible and, on the other hand, should be kept as small as possible in lateral dimension. Further, a short recoil path for the breech block is very desirable, so that despite the desired high rate of fire -- the velocity of the breech block can be kept comparatively low, which, together with a short breech block enable a favorably low recoil force to be obtained. In addition, the recoil path of the breech block is dependent both on the cartridge length and on the distance between the cartridge magazine and loading chamber. Thus, attempts are made to keep this distance as small as possible, in order to facilitate a rapid insertion of the cartridges, into the loading chamber.
It is thus, one object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with a self locking bolt breech block which with the same or smaller dimensions relative to known breech blocks of this type, provides an increase in efficiency of the gun; in particular with comparatively small dimensions and low weight relative to customary locking bolt breech blocks, the breech block should facilitate a greater rate of fire and provide a capacity to withstand greater supporting forces.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein three locking bolts are provided symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the breech block. Firstly, this has the advantage that, with the same or even smaller width relative to the customary arrangement, the breech block can support greater forces and secondly, the centering of the breech block is improved. Therefore, without any danger of tilting, the breech block can be kept shorter, which in addition helps towards the desired reduction of the breech block weight -- despite an increase in efficiency.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein one of the locking bolts is advantageously located in the vertical, longitudinal central plane of the gun, due to which the width of the breech block and the gun can be kept small. In this way, the requirements for a further advantageous embodiment of the invention are simultaneously provided, in that two cartridge magazine devices can be brought close to the gun and to the breech block by which means a rapid change from one type of ammunition to another is possible. For this purpose two apertures for the cartridge magazine are provided in the gun casing which -- seen in cross section -- are located respectively between two adjacent locking bolts.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in order to achieve a good centering of the breech block and for the transmission of the supporting forces to the gun casing, it is also of advantage, if the breech block is guided in the breech housing by means of guide faces located around a closed sector and if these guide faces are located radially relative to the locking bolts.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in a further advantageous embodiment, -- seen in cross section -- the breech block has chord-like truncations between the guide faces. Due to this the magazines for supplying cartridges can be brought still nearer to the loading chamber, which, in accordance with the objects of the present invention, has a favorable effect on the dimensions of the breech block and on the breech block recoil path length.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in addition, a further feature of the present invention contributes to keeping the length of the breech block as short as possible, in that the spring-loading of the ejector claw consists in known manner of a closed spring ring, which is inserted in an annular groove provided in the ejector claw and near the front face of the breech block. Due to this further cross sectional weakenings of the breech block head are avoided, which weakenings are present in many other arrangements extractor claws and their spring-loading arrangements.
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention, which is shown by example only, will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal section through the casing of an automatic weapon and the breech block;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section along the lines II -- II of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-section along the lines III -- III of FIG. 1.
Referring now to the drawing, the weapon casing 1 is located a multi-part breech block 2, which moves back and forwards, and which for each forward movement inserts a cartridge into a loading chamber 3 of the gun. The breech block is self locking and consists essentially of a breech head 4, a breech block body 5 and support flaps 6 and 6'.
In the breech head there are provided three locking bolts -- symmetrical to the longitudinal central axis of the breech block -- which are mounted to pivot radially in the breech head by means or semi-cylindrical support faces 7. The breech block body 5 is connected to the breech head 4 to slide by the length s. During the forward movement of the breech block the locking breech block body lags behind the breech block head by the length s, the locking bolt 6 being pivoted, as shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 1. After the insertion of a cartridge 8 into the loading chamber and as soon as the breech block head, has reached its forward position, the locking bolts are pressed outwards by means of the inclined faces 9 provided on the following locking breech block body, by which means they enter the recesses 10 provided in the weapon casing and the breech block assumes the locked position according to FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the breech block 2 is guided in the weapon casing by means of guide faces 11 and 11' arranged in a circular arc, these guide faces being located radially to the locking bolts 6 and 6'. Symmetrical to the vertical longitudinal central plane there are provided in the weapon casing -- in the region between two adjacent guide faces -- supply openings 12, 12' cartridges, in which the bodies 13, 13' of cartridge supply magazines engage. In order to be able to supply the cartridges as near as possible to the breech block 2, the latter has chord-like truncations 14, 14' in the peripheral region between the guide haces 11 and 11'. In the plane of the drawing the cartridge supply magazines are pivotally connected to each other by a small amount, so that either a cartridge from the case 13 or the case 13' is gripped at will by the forward face of the counterrecoiling breech block head and is inserted into the loading chamber 3. In the forward face of the breech head 4 an extractor claw 15 is guided to move radially against the force of a spring 16. The spring 16 consists of a closed spring ring (FIG. 2), which is arranged in a groove 16' located near the forward face of the breech head 4.
While I have disclosed one embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood, that this embodiment is given by example only and not in a limiting sense.
Breech blocks for automatic weapons, in which the breech block is locked to the breech housing by means of pivotable locking bolts, are generally referred to as self locking bolt breech blocks. In this case the locking bolts are pivotally mounted at both sides in the breech block. After the completed countercoil of the breech block, after it has inserted a cartridge in the loading chamber of the gun barrel, the locking bolts pivot outwardly and engage in appropriate recesses provided in the breech housing, in which case the forces acting on the breech block of the breech at the time of firing are transmitted by the locking bolts to the weapon or breech housing. Thus considerable surface pressure is applied to the support faces at the breech block and the breech housing.
In an effort to increase the efficiency of the guns and the ammunition, and in order to obtain as high as possible rate of fire, a comparatively short recoil path for the breech block and a comparatively small recoil force of the breech block are desired. The breech block should thus, on the one hand, be as short as possible and, on the other hand, should be kept as small as possible in lateral dimension. Further, a short recoil path for the breech block is very desirable, so that despite the desired high rate of fire -- the velocity of the breech block can be kept comparatively low, which, together with a short breech block enable a favorably low recoil force to be obtained. In addition, the recoil path of the breech block is dependent both on the cartridge length and on the distance between the cartridge magazine and loading chamber. Thus, attempts are made to keep this distance as small as possible, in order to facilitate a rapid insertion of the cartridges, into the loading chamber.
It is thus, one object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with a self locking bolt breech block which with the same or smaller dimensions relative to known breech blocks of this type, provides an increase in efficiency of the gun; in particular with comparatively small dimensions and low weight relative to customary locking bolt breech blocks, the breech block should facilitate a greater rate of fire and provide a capacity to withstand greater supporting forces.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein three locking bolts are provided symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the breech block. Firstly, this has the advantage that, with the same or even smaller width relative to the customary arrangement, the breech block can support greater forces and secondly, the centering of the breech block is improved. Therefore, without any danger of tilting, the breech block can be kept shorter, which in addition helps towards the desired reduction of the breech block weight -- despite an increase in efficiency.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein one of the locking bolts is advantageously located in the vertical, longitudinal central plane of the gun, due to which the width of the breech block and the gun can be kept small. In this way, the requirements for a further advantageous embodiment of the invention are simultaneously provided, in that two cartridge magazine devices can be brought close to the gun and to the breech block by which means a rapid change from one type of ammunition to another is possible. For this purpose two apertures for the cartridge magazine are provided in the gun casing which -- seen in cross section -- are located respectively between two adjacent locking bolts.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in order to achieve a good centering of the breech block and for the transmission of the supporting forces to the gun casing, it is also of advantage, if the breech block is guided in the breech housing by means of guide faces located around a closed sector and if these guide faces are located radially relative to the locking bolts.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in a further advantageous embodiment, -- seen in cross section -- the breech block has chord-like truncations between the guide faces. Due to this the magazines for supplying cartridges can be brought still nearer to the loading chamber, which, in accordance with the objects of the present invention, has a favorable effect on the dimensions of the breech block and on the breech block recoil path length.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an automatic weapon with self locking bolt breech block, wherein in addition, a further feature of the present invention contributes to keeping the length of the breech block as short as possible, in that the spring-loading of the ejector claw consists in known manner of a closed spring ring, which is inserted in an annular groove provided in the ejector claw and near the front face of the breech block. Due to this further cross sectional weakenings of the breech block head are avoided, which weakenings are present in many other arrangements extractor claws and their spring-loading arrangements.
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention, which is shown by example only, will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal section through the casing of an automatic weapon and the breech block;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section along the lines II -- II of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-section along the lines III -- III of FIG. 1.
Referring now to the drawing, the weapon casing 1 is located a multi-part breech block 2, which moves back and forwards, and which for each forward movement inserts a cartridge into a loading chamber 3 of the gun. The breech block is self locking and consists essentially of a breech head 4, a breech block body 5 and support flaps 6 and 6'.
In the breech head there are provided three locking bolts -- symmetrical to the longitudinal central axis of the breech block -- which are mounted to pivot radially in the breech head by means or semi-cylindrical support faces 7. The breech block body 5 is connected to the breech head 4 to slide by the length s. During the forward movement of the breech block the locking breech block body lags behind the breech block head by the length s, the locking bolt 6 being pivoted, as shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 1. After the insertion of a cartridge 8 into the loading chamber and as soon as the breech block head, has reached its forward position, the locking bolts are pressed outwards by means of the inclined faces 9 provided on the following locking breech block body, by which means they enter the recesses 10 provided in the weapon casing and the breech block assumes the locked position according to FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the breech block 2 is guided in the weapon casing by means of guide faces 11 and 11' arranged in a circular arc, these guide faces being located radially to the locking bolts 6 and 6'. Symmetrical to the vertical longitudinal central plane there are provided in the weapon casing -- in the region between two adjacent guide faces -- supply openings 12, 12' cartridges, in which the bodies 13, 13' of cartridge supply magazines engage. In order to be able to supply the cartridges as near as possible to the breech block 2, the latter has chord-like truncations 14, 14' in the peripheral region between the guide haces 11 and 11'. In the plane of the drawing the cartridge supply magazines are pivotally connected to each other by a small amount, so that either a cartridge from the case 13 or the case 13' is gripped at will by the forward face of the counterrecoiling breech block head and is inserted into the loading chamber 3. In the forward face of the breech head 4 an extractor claw 15 is guided to move radially against the force of a spring 16. The spring 16 consists of a closed spring ring (FIG. 2), which is arranged in a groove 16' located near the forward face of the breech head 4.
While I have disclosed one embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood, that this embodiment is given by example only and not in a limiting sense.