NEUTRALLY BUOYANT INSTRUMENT SUSPENSION
United States Patent 3781780
A hydrophone stabilizing device in which the hydrophone is maintained in tral buoyancy and in a stabilized attitude during low speed tow and while tethered is provided. The hydrophone is suspended about the center of buoyancy of a major flotation member and is maintained in a stabilized attitude by the linkage of supporting arms which are selectively pivotable in the plane of the tow line. A smaller float is positioned at the intersection of the immediate vertical supporting arm and an intermediate arm or boom connecting the supporting arm to a vertical strut to assure that the point of intersection of the arms is always above the hydrophone.
US Patent References:
Hydrodynamically balanced towing apparatus for maintaining hydrophones vertically orientated
Stillman, Jr. - March 1962 - 3027539
Method and apparatus for stabilizing submersible vessels
Hayward - July 1959 - 2895300
TUNED MECHANICAL STABILIZER
Holmes - February 1971 - 3563335
Position adjustable hydrophone
Mayes - June 1958 - 2837727
SONAR TRANSDUCER CAGE
Fredenburg - October 1969 - 3471828
Hydrodynamically balanced towing apparatus for maintaining hydrophones vertically orientated
Stillman, Jr. - March 1962 - 3027539
Method and apparatus for stabilizing submersible vessels
Hayward - July 1959 - 2895300
TUNED MECHANICAL STABILIZER
Holmes - February 1971 - 3563335
Position adjustable hydrophone
Mayes - June 1958 - 2837727
SONAR TRANSDUCER CAGE
Fredenburg - October 1969 - 3471828
Application Number:
05/272707
Publication Date:
12/25/1973
Filing Date:
07/17/1972
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC)
Primary Class:
International Classes:
G10K11/00; H04B13/00
Field of Search:
390/8,8S,10,11,12,13 61/46.5
US Patent References:
| 2646950 | Outboard transducer assembly | July 1953 | Nelson et al. |
Primary Examiner:
Borchelt, Benjamin A.
Assistant Examiner:
Tudor H. J.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A hydrophone stabilizing device for supporting a hydrophone in neutral buoyancy while under tow or restrained in a current or stationary comprising:
2. The device as defined in claim 1 wherein said flotation means is connected to said arm assembly adjacent to the point of suspension of said hydrophone.
3. The device as defined in claim 1 wherein said flotation means include a major flotation part and a minor flotation part,
4. An oceanographic instrument suspension system comprising:
5. The system as defined in claim 4 and further including a damper fin disposed astern of said flotation means with respect to flow therepast and connected to said transverse axis to maintain said flotation means substantially horizontal during vertical movement of or during application of vertical forces to said flotation member, when said suspension system is subject to horizontal tow.
6. The system as defined in claim 5 wherein said flotation means includes a positively buoyant major flotation member rotatably mounted on said yoke and a positively buoyant minor flotation member mounted on said jointed arm assembly to maintain said assembly in a positive attitude with respect to said major flotation member.
7. The system as defined in claim 6 wherein said major flotation member is in the form of a cylinder which is elliptical in cross section and said transverse axis extends between the planar ends of the cylinder.
8. The system as defined in claim 7 and further including a vertical strut pivotally connected at one end to the end of said cable; and
9. The system as defined in claim 8 wherein said jointed arm assembly includes resilient means connecting points of said strut above and below the point of connection of said jointed arm assembly and said arm assembly to return said arm assembly to a horizontal position in the absence of vertical oscillations of said strut.
10. The system as defined in claim 9 and further including fairing on said cable in the region of said jointed arm assembly to reduce noise caused by cable strum; and
11. The system as defined in claim 10 and further including a spreader inserted across said bridle to form an opening therein through which said suspending means may rotate without coming into contact with said bridle.
12. The method of suspending an oceanographic instrument in water comprising:
1. A hydrophone stabilizing device for supporting a hydrophone in neutral buoyancy while under tow or restrained in a current or stationary comprising:
2. The device as defined in claim 1 wherein said flotation means is connected to said arm assembly adjacent to the point of suspension of said hydrophone.
3. The device as defined in claim 1 wherein said flotation means include a major flotation part and a minor flotation part,
4. An oceanographic instrument suspension system comprising:
5. The system as defined in claim 4 and further including a damper fin disposed astern of said flotation means with respect to flow therepast and connected to said transverse axis to maintain said flotation means substantially horizontal during vertical movement of or during application of vertical forces to said flotation member, when said suspension system is subject to horizontal tow.
6. The system as defined in claim 5 wherein said flotation means includes a positively buoyant major flotation member rotatably mounted on said yoke and a positively buoyant minor flotation member mounted on said jointed arm assembly to maintain said assembly in a positive attitude with respect to said major flotation member.
7. The system as defined in claim 6 wherein said major flotation member is in the form of a cylinder which is elliptical in cross section and said transverse axis extends between the planar ends of the cylinder.
8. The system as defined in claim 7 and further including a vertical strut pivotally connected at one end to the end of said cable; and
9. The system as defined in claim 8 wherein said jointed arm assembly includes resilient means connecting points of said strut above and below the point of connection of said jointed arm assembly and said arm assembly to return said arm assembly to a horizontal position in the absence of vertical oscillations of said strut.
10. The system as defined in claim 9 and further including fairing on said cable in the region of said jointed arm assembly to reduce noise caused by cable strum; and
11. The system as defined in claim 10 and further including a spreader inserted across said bridle to form an opening therein through which said suspending means may rotate without coming into contact with said bridle.
12. The method of suspending an oceanographic instrument in water comprising:
Description:
This invention relates to oceanographic instrumentation and, more particularly, to a system for stabilizing a hydrophone in a fluid environment while suspended in a stationary fluid or a current, or under tow at low speed.
In oceanographic operations, much information is obtained through the use of hydrophones which are either deployed statically in the fluid environment or which may be moved through the water at low speed to monitor various signals and echos. When hydrophones are either moved through the water or suspended in a listening mode from a means of support which is in motion such as a rolling or pitching surface vessel, turbulence is encountered which produces noise and thus limits hydrophone sensitivity and also interferes considerably and sometimes completely with the reception of even strong signals.
To decrease the motion of hydrophones and attempt a stabilized hydrophone attitude, compliant suspension systems of many varieties have been devised. Some are effective only in certain sea states or provide isolation only against restricted ranges of amplitudes and periods of motion in the passive mode, but even those which are effective in the passive mode may become ineffective or serve to increase turbulence when they are towed. This device is streamlined not so much to reduce turbulence due to horizontal tow but to make sure that isolation from vertical motion of the suspending cable is still effective when the device is being towed at low speeds. More effective but also more cumbersome and complex systems involving suspension from subsurface floats or spar buoys have been attempted, while in other applications hydrophones have been floated up from heavy, deep moorings or anchors. All of the more effective systems are relatively expensive and, in addition, require heavy handling equipment. The considerable time required to deploy and recover such systems makes it difficult or impossible to retrieve them and move quickly from one area to another to take advantage of changing acoustic or weather conditions. Further, changing the depth at which the hydrophone is deployed is a major operation with the more cumbersome systems.
Although the foregoing discussion has been directed to hydrophones, it is also applicable to certain other oceanographic instruments which likewise must be stabilized in depth or with respect to the water surrounding them so that in general the same problems are encountered as with the hydrophones. The disadvantages of prior systems and methods of deploying hydrophones are avoided by the present invention.
According to the teachings of the present invention, a hydrophone stabilizing system is provided by means of which a hydrophone may be suspended in virtually the same vertical position and attitude under conditions where the ship is rolling and pitching while anchored, drifting, or in motion towing the system. A damping plane is established in which a major flotation member, to which the hydrophone is attached, is maintained in such a manner that it is substantially insensitive to "angle of attack" when the hydrophone is being towed. Stability in the damping plane is achieved by having the major flotation member pivotable about its center of flotation and steadied for towing by a trailing crossbar which is disposed parallel to and a selected distance from the flotation member. The hydrophone is suspended from a vertical arm by a compliant bridle which in turn is suspended from a major flotation member. This flotation member is pivotally suspended at its center of flotation from the end of the vertical arm which arm in turn is connected to the ship's cable by a horizontal boom. A minor flotation member at the juncture of the boom and vertical arm maintains this juncture always above the major flotation member, while at its other end the boom is pivotally mounted on a vertical strut. This strut is maintained substantially vertical by a weight suspended from its lower end. A cable suspending the entire system is covered in the region of the flotation member by a suitable rubber fairing.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system for isolating hydrophones or other instruments from the oscillatory excursions of the cable by which they are lowered into the water.
Another object of the invention is to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system for isolating hydrophones or other instruments which is effective over the full range of periodic motion of the suspending cable notwithstanding the amplitude of cable oscillations.
A further object of this invention is to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system which remains effective when the vessel deploying the hydrophones or other instruments is at anchor, drifting or underway at low speed, or when the system is subject to deep currents which may not affect the surface vessel.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention wil become apparent from the following detailed description thereof when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like parts throughout and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the invention in a position of rest;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the major flotation member and components associated therewith of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing the position of the components of the invention as the supporting cable descends below the position shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration showing the position of the components as the cable ascends above the position shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the juncture of two arms of the device.
Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the invention is presented which includes a towing or suspension cable 11 to which is pivotally secured a vertical strut 12 and a hold-down weight 13. A hydrophone 14 is suspended from strut 12 by a compliant bridle 15 and an assembly of jointed arms 16, the hydrophone being supported in neutral buoyancy by a major flotation member 17 and the arm assembly by a minor flotation means 18. Vertical strut 12 and arm assembly 16 preferably are made of tubular aluminum stock, the arms being filled with syntactic foam or a similar material so as to be uniformly neutrally buoyant, while the flotation means preferably are of syntactic foam which may be cast in molds suitable or any depth to 20,000 ft. The force of buoyancy of flotation member 17 acts through a shaft 20 to which bridle 15 is rotatably connected. Flotation means 18 shown in greater detail in FIG. 5, is positioned so as to maintain the arm assembly in a positive attitude with respect to the hydrophone.
Jointed arms 16 in this embodiment comprise a boom 21 which is pivotable about a pin 22 in a bracket 23 on strut 12 and an extension arm 24 which, although shown in a vertical attitude in FIG. 1, is freely pivotable about a pin 25 so that vertical oscillations of cable 11 may be at least partially absorbed by a scissor-like action of arm 24 and boom 21. A pair of shock cords 28 and 29 extending between a bracket 30 on boom 21 and brackets 31 on strut 12 serve to slowly return the boom to the horizontal or neutral or rest position during quiet periods when there is no vertical motion of the supporting cable.
In FIG. 2, major flotation member 17 and the components associated therewith are shown in greater detail, flotation member 17 preferably being secured between a pair of hydrodynamically contoured plates 35 on shaft 20, and a damper fin 36 is also secured between plates 35 to impede rotary movement of major flotation member 17 about its supporting axis when the device is being towed. Shaft 20 may be pivotally mounted in a u-shaped bracket 40 having a rod 41 secured thereto which is adapted to receive a mating extension of arm 24 and to be secured thereto by bolts 42 or similar conventional means. Bridle 15 includes a pair of compliant members 43, preferably shock cords, which act as shock absorbers and vibration dampers to isolate the hydrophone from the rigid members of the arm assembly. These compliant members are provided with a haired fairing 44 which not only serves to damp out any remaining vibration or strum from support cable 11 that might otherwise be communicated via the rigid arms to the hydrophone but also prevents any strumming of members 43 themselves due to movement of the assembly through the water.
A rigid plastic spreader 45 is inserted between compliant members 43 to prevent the members from interfering with the operation of the damping plane assembly, particularly when the bridle swings aft of pivot 20 as when the system is being towed. Spreader 45 also has haired fairing on it to damp its vibrations.
An electrical cable 47 leading to the hydrophone preferably is "married" to bridle 15 in a series of half loops in order that it may not interfere with the stretching action of the compliant members. Cable 11 is preferably covered in the region of the instrument suspension by a rubber fairing 48 to prevent or substantially prevent the generation of acoustic signals by cable strum in this region.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the action of flotation means 18 in maintaining boom 21 and arm 24 in a positive attitude with respect to hydrophone 14 as strut 12 descends or ascends, respectively, in response to movement of cable 11. Flotation means 18 provides positive buoyancy for the end of boom 21 which is remote from strut 12, in particular preventing boom 21 and arm 24 from tending to flex to an opposite angle than that shown in FIG. 4 by providing a positive stop 49 which is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 also illustrates the manner in which boom 21 is cut away as indicated at 50 to permit boom 21 and arm 24 to pivot about pin 25, the use of sail tracks 52 to accommodate electrical cable 47, and the positioning of flotation means 18 in sections of equal buoyancy on either side of boom 21. The sections of flotation means 18 are individually secured to boom 21 by a conventional plastic filler which is indicated at 53. The syntactic foam filler for boom 21 is indicated at 54. The tongue and groove fitting of boom 21 and arm 24 at their juncture permits free movement of arm 24 in an arc of substantially 180° within flotation means 18.
The neutrally buoyant instrumentation described in effect provides a damping plane, which is established by the major flotation member, that is substantially insensitive to angle-of-attack movement particularly when the device is under tow. The plane is positively buoyant under all operating conditions, but is given added stability at high speeds by damper fin 36 which trails the major flotation member. If desired, a small counterweight or transverse keel, not shown, may be embedded in flotation member 17 directly below its pivot axis to increase stability at low towing speeds. The damping plane, being at the point of maximum drag, mass and inertia, is also the waterborne pivot and remains stationary while the independently buoyed boom and arm are completely free to revolve about it. Since hydrophone 14 is also supported from the damping plane's pivot point, it also remains stationary. Flotation means 18 is streamlined into a fin shape to produce a minimum drag and to assure that boom 21 always aligns itself in the direction of current flow here. Only enough flotation is included in flotation means 18 to assure that boom 21 always maintains a position above arm 24.
The invention has proved to be stable at all reasonably slow towing speeds, i.e., speeds on the order of 2 or 3 knots. In the embodiment constructed, foam weighing 40 lbs/cu. ft. was used for a depth submergence to at least 16,000 ft. The boom and arm are made of streamlined aluminum, hollow spar and mast material manufactured for use in small sailboats. Filling this tubing with syntactic foam makes it neutrally buoyant as well as increasing its strength. The sail track in the spars provides a convenient run for the hydrophone electrical cable. A single 30-ft. section of helicopter fairing was found to be exceedingly satisfactory for the fairing applied to cable 11.
The present instrument suspension has performed excellently in all respects when towed behind a ship which rolled and pitched in a long swell having roll amplitudes ranging from ±10° to ±15°. Ship drift before the wind resulted in cable angles averaging from 40° to 45°. Frequent spot checks during periods of maximum roll and pitch indicated that no apparent flow noise resulted from the ship's motion, nor was any cable strum received by the hydrophone. The suspension was operated at depths of approximately 500 and then 2400 meters in obtaining the foregoing results. The suspension was also observed to be operating as intended in a seaway 10 ft. below the surface.
The total load capability of the present embodiment of the invention is approximately 35 lbs, however, this can readily be increased to 50 lbs without changing the damping plane. The addition of foam to appropriate areas is expected to permit the device to support an array of hydrophones rather than the single hydrophone described in this embodiment.
The invention isolates hydrophones or other instruments from oscillatory excursions of the cable used to lower them into the water, whether such cable motion is the result of the rolling and pitching motion of a surface vessel, a buoy, or any other means of cable support which is in periodic or aperiodic motion as a result of wave action, swell or other cause. By appropriate choice of the lengths of the horizontal boom and the vertical arm, the system will operate effectively regardless of the amplitude of the oscillatory excursions of the suspending cable. The suspension system also maintains its effectiveness whether the deploying vessel is at anchor, drifting, underway at low speed, or when the system is subject to deep currents which may not affect the surface vessel. The system automatically deploys itself at any depth when the cable is stopped.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. For example, damping fin 36 may be altered somewhat in contour and in its point of attachment between plates 35 to correct for larger ship rolls, and the fin may be made adjustable for either high speed towing or, alternatively, operation in a stationary position in a current.
In oceanographic operations, much information is obtained through the use of hydrophones which are either deployed statically in the fluid environment or which may be moved through the water at low speed to monitor various signals and echos. When hydrophones are either moved through the water or suspended in a listening mode from a means of support which is in motion such as a rolling or pitching surface vessel, turbulence is encountered which produces noise and thus limits hydrophone sensitivity and also interferes considerably and sometimes completely with the reception of even strong signals.
To decrease the motion of hydrophones and attempt a stabilized hydrophone attitude, compliant suspension systems of many varieties have been devised. Some are effective only in certain sea states or provide isolation only against restricted ranges of amplitudes and periods of motion in the passive mode, but even those which are effective in the passive mode may become ineffective or serve to increase turbulence when they are towed. This device is streamlined not so much to reduce turbulence due to horizontal tow but to make sure that isolation from vertical motion of the suspending cable is still effective when the device is being towed at low speeds. More effective but also more cumbersome and complex systems involving suspension from subsurface floats or spar buoys have been attempted, while in other applications hydrophones have been floated up from heavy, deep moorings or anchors. All of the more effective systems are relatively expensive and, in addition, require heavy handling equipment. The considerable time required to deploy and recover such systems makes it difficult or impossible to retrieve them and move quickly from one area to another to take advantage of changing acoustic or weather conditions. Further, changing the depth at which the hydrophone is deployed is a major operation with the more cumbersome systems.
Although the foregoing discussion has been directed to hydrophones, it is also applicable to certain other oceanographic instruments which likewise must be stabilized in depth or with respect to the water surrounding them so that in general the same problems are encountered as with the hydrophones. The disadvantages of prior systems and methods of deploying hydrophones are avoided by the present invention.
According to the teachings of the present invention, a hydrophone stabilizing system is provided by means of which a hydrophone may be suspended in virtually the same vertical position and attitude under conditions where the ship is rolling and pitching while anchored, drifting, or in motion towing the system. A damping plane is established in which a major flotation member, to which the hydrophone is attached, is maintained in such a manner that it is substantially insensitive to "angle of attack" when the hydrophone is being towed. Stability in the damping plane is achieved by having the major flotation member pivotable about its center of flotation and steadied for towing by a trailing crossbar which is disposed parallel to and a selected distance from the flotation member. The hydrophone is suspended from a vertical arm by a compliant bridle which in turn is suspended from a major flotation member. This flotation member is pivotally suspended at its center of flotation from the end of the vertical arm which arm in turn is connected to the ship's cable by a horizontal boom. A minor flotation member at the juncture of the boom and vertical arm maintains this juncture always above the major flotation member, while at its other end the boom is pivotally mounted on a vertical strut. This strut is maintained substantially vertical by a weight suspended from its lower end. A cable suspending the entire system is covered in the region of the flotation member by a suitable rubber fairing.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system for isolating hydrophones or other instruments from the oscillatory excursions of the cable by which they are lowered into the water.
Another object of the invention is to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system for isolating hydrophones or other instruments which is effective over the full range of periodic motion of the suspending cable notwithstanding the amplitude of cable oscillations.
A further object of this invention is to provide a neutrally buoyant suspension system which remains effective when the vessel deploying the hydrophones or other instruments is at anchor, drifting or underway at low speed, or when the system is subject to deep currents which may not affect the surface vessel.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention wil become apparent from the following detailed description thereof when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like parts throughout and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the invention in a position of rest;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the major flotation member and components associated therewith of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing the position of the components of the invention as the supporting cable descends below the position shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration showing the position of the components as the cable ascends above the position shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the juncture of two arms of the device.
Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the invention is presented which includes a towing or suspension cable 11 to which is pivotally secured a vertical strut 12 and a hold-down weight 13. A hydrophone 14 is suspended from strut 12 by a compliant bridle 15 and an assembly of jointed arms 16, the hydrophone being supported in neutral buoyancy by a major flotation member 17 and the arm assembly by a minor flotation means 18. Vertical strut 12 and arm assembly 16 preferably are made of tubular aluminum stock, the arms being filled with syntactic foam or a similar material so as to be uniformly neutrally buoyant, while the flotation means preferably are of syntactic foam which may be cast in molds suitable or any depth to 20,000 ft. The force of buoyancy of flotation member 17 acts through a shaft 20 to which bridle 15 is rotatably connected. Flotation means 18 shown in greater detail in FIG. 5, is positioned so as to maintain the arm assembly in a positive attitude with respect to the hydrophone.
Jointed arms 16 in this embodiment comprise a boom 21 which is pivotable about a pin 22 in a bracket 23 on strut 12 and an extension arm 24 which, although shown in a vertical attitude in FIG. 1, is freely pivotable about a pin 25 so that vertical oscillations of cable 11 may be at least partially absorbed by a scissor-like action of arm 24 and boom 21. A pair of shock cords 28 and 29 extending between a bracket 30 on boom 21 and brackets 31 on strut 12 serve to slowly return the boom to the horizontal or neutral or rest position during quiet periods when there is no vertical motion of the supporting cable.
In FIG. 2, major flotation member 17 and the components associated therewith are shown in greater detail, flotation member 17 preferably being secured between a pair of hydrodynamically contoured plates 35 on shaft 20, and a damper fin 36 is also secured between plates 35 to impede rotary movement of major flotation member 17 about its supporting axis when the device is being towed. Shaft 20 may be pivotally mounted in a u-shaped bracket 40 having a rod 41 secured thereto which is adapted to receive a mating extension of arm 24 and to be secured thereto by bolts 42 or similar conventional means. Bridle 15 includes a pair of compliant members 43, preferably shock cords, which act as shock absorbers and vibration dampers to isolate the hydrophone from the rigid members of the arm assembly. These compliant members are provided with a haired fairing 44 which not only serves to damp out any remaining vibration or strum from support cable 11 that might otherwise be communicated via the rigid arms to the hydrophone but also prevents any strumming of members 43 themselves due to movement of the assembly through the water.
A rigid plastic spreader 45 is inserted between compliant members 43 to prevent the members from interfering with the operation of the damping plane assembly, particularly when the bridle swings aft of pivot 20 as when the system is being towed. Spreader 45 also has haired fairing on it to damp its vibrations.
An electrical cable 47 leading to the hydrophone preferably is "married" to bridle 15 in a series of half loops in order that it may not interfere with the stretching action of the compliant members. Cable 11 is preferably covered in the region of the instrument suspension by a rubber fairing 48 to prevent or substantially prevent the generation of acoustic signals by cable strum in this region.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the action of flotation means 18 in maintaining boom 21 and arm 24 in a positive attitude with respect to hydrophone 14 as strut 12 descends or ascends, respectively, in response to movement of cable 11. Flotation means 18 provides positive buoyancy for the end of boom 21 which is remote from strut 12, in particular preventing boom 21 and arm 24 from tending to flex to an opposite angle than that shown in FIG. 4 by providing a positive stop 49 which is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 also illustrates the manner in which boom 21 is cut away as indicated at 50 to permit boom 21 and arm 24 to pivot about pin 25, the use of sail tracks 52 to accommodate electrical cable 47, and the positioning of flotation means 18 in sections of equal buoyancy on either side of boom 21. The sections of flotation means 18 are individually secured to boom 21 by a conventional plastic filler which is indicated at 53. The syntactic foam filler for boom 21 is indicated at 54. The tongue and groove fitting of boom 21 and arm 24 at their juncture permits free movement of arm 24 in an arc of substantially 180° within flotation means 18.
The neutrally buoyant instrumentation described in effect provides a damping plane, which is established by the major flotation member, that is substantially insensitive to angle-of-attack movement particularly when the device is under tow. The plane is positively buoyant under all operating conditions, but is given added stability at high speeds by damper fin 36 which trails the major flotation member. If desired, a small counterweight or transverse keel, not shown, may be embedded in flotation member 17 directly below its pivot axis to increase stability at low towing speeds. The damping plane, being at the point of maximum drag, mass and inertia, is also the waterborne pivot and remains stationary while the independently buoyed boom and arm are completely free to revolve about it. Since hydrophone 14 is also supported from the damping plane's pivot point, it also remains stationary. Flotation means 18 is streamlined into a fin shape to produce a minimum drag and to assure that boom 21 always aligns itself in the direction of current flow here. Only enough flotation is included in flotation means 18 to assure that boom 21 always maintains a position above arm 24.
The invention has proved to be stable at all reasonably slow towing speeds, i.e., speeds on the order of 2 or 3 knots. In the embodiment constructed, foam weighing 40 lbs/cu. ft. was used for a depth submergence to at least 16,000 ft. The boom and arm are made of streamlined aluminum, hollow spar and mast material manufactured for use in small sailboats. Filling this tubing with syntactic foam makes it neutrally buoyant as well as increasing its strength. The sail track in the spars provides a convenient run for the hydrophone electrical cable. A single 30-ft. section of helicopter fairing was found to be exceedingly satisfactory for the fairing applied to cable 11.
The present instrument suspension has performed excellently in all respects when towed behind a ship which rolled and pitched in a long swell having roll amplitudes ranging from ±10° to ±15°. Ship drift before the wind resulted in cable angles averaging from 40° to 45°. Frequent spot checks during periods of maximum roll and pitch indicated that no apparent flow noise resulted from the ship's motion, nor was any cable strum received by the hydrophone. The suspension was operated at depths of approximately 500 and then 2400 meters in obtaining the foregoing results. The suspension was also observed to be operating as intended in a seaway 10 ft. below the surface.
The total load capability of the present embodiment of the invention is approximately 35 lbs, however, this can readily be increased to 50 lbs without changing the damping plane. The addition of foam to appropriate areas is expected to permit the device to support an array of hydrophones rather than the single hydrophone described in this embodiment.
The invention isolates hydrophones or other instruments from oscillatory excursions of the cable used to lower them into the water, whether such cable motion is the result of the rolling and pitching motion of a surface vessel, a buoy, or any other means of cable support which is in periodic or aperiodic motion as a result of wave action, swell or other cause. By appropriate choice of the lengths of the horizontal boom and the vertical arm, the system will operate effectively regardless of the amplitude of the oscillatory excursions of the suspending cable. The suspension system also maintains its effectiveness whether the deploying vessel is at anchor, drifting, underway at low speed, or when the system is subject to deep currents which may not affect the surface vessel. The system automatically deploys itself at any depth when the cable is stopped.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. For example, damping fin 36 may be altered somewhat in contour and in its point of attachment between plates 35 to correct for larger ship rolls, and the fin may be made adjustable for either high speed towing or, alternatively, operation in a stationary position in a current.