RESILIENT PLASTIC STAPLE
United States Patent 3757629
A fastener or staple is formed of a resilient plastic material which has an elastic memory. The staple has legs, a crown integrally joining the legs, and retaining means such as barbs on the legs. The staple is formed so that normally the legs of the staple are non-parallel. The staple legs are displaced while being driven into the material to be stapled so that the legs are parallel, and after being driven into the material the legs return or tend to return to their normal non-parallel position due to the elastic memory of the plastic from which the staple is made. Thus the barbs or other retaining means are biased by the legs, which tend to return to their non-parallel position, into engagement with the material being stapled to retain the staple.
US Patent References:
Plastic drive fastener
Rapata - March 1960 - 2927497
Staples with fin-like projections
Bradway - February 1966 - 3236142
Staple and method of stapling
La Place - May 1942 - 2283814
Staple
Drypolcher - September 1944 - 2357637
Staple setting apparatus and method
Goodstein - March 1952 - 2589491
Plastic drive fastener
Rapata - March 1960 - 2927497
Staples with fin-like projections
Bradway - February 1966 - 3236142
Staple and method of stapling
La Place - May 1942 - 2283814
Staple
Drypolcher - September 1944 - 2357637
Staple setting apparatus and method
Goodstein - March 1952 - 2589491
Application Number:
05/141746
Publication Date:
09/11/1973
Filing Date:
05/10/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
411/461, 411/456, 411/920, 227/83
International Classes:
F16B15/00; F16B15/08
Field of Search:
85/49,13,31,23,26
US Patent References:
Primary Examiner:
Parsons Jr., Marion
Claims:
I claim
1. A staple formed from a resilient plastic material having an elastic memory and adapted to be driven by a stapling gun or the like for use in fastening relatively soft work material such as cellular or foam plastic, corrugated cardboard, and the like, said staple comprising:
2. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said crown portion is normally curved or bowed and is adapted to be flexed toward a straight position during driving of the staple, thereby enhancing the resilient force urging said leg portions to their normal non-parallel position.
3. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said barbs lie generally in the plane of the staple formed by said leg portions and said crown portion.
4. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that each of said leg portions has a pair of oppositely projecting barbs lying generally in the plane of the respective leg portion.
5. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said leg portions in their normal non-parallel position are inclined outwardly away from each other.
6. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said leg portions in their normal non-parallel position are inclined inwardly toward each other.
7. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that a plurality of said staples are provided in the form of a strip or stick adapted to be inserted in a staple-driving tool.
8. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that each of said leg portions has at least one additional preformed barb projecting angularly in substantially rigid relation from the leg portion and spaced from the first-mentioned barb, said additional barb also being integrally joined with the leg portion solely at the outermost surface of the leg portion without diminishing the effective cross-sectional area of the leg portion.
1. A staple formed from a resilient plastic material having an elastic memory and adapted to be driven by a stapling gun or the like for use in fastening relatively soft work material such as cellular or foam plastic, corrugated cardboard, and the like, said staple comprising:
2. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said crown portion is normally curved or bowed and is adapted to be flexed toward a straight position during driving of the staple, thereby enhancing the resilient force urging said leg portions to their normal non-parallel position.
3. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said barbs lie generally in the plane of the staple formed by said leg portions and said crown portion.
4. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that each of said leg portions has a pair of oppositely projecting barbs lying generally in the plane of the respective leg portion.
5. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said leg portions in their normal non-parallel position are inclined outwardly away from each other.
6. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that said leg portions in their normal non-parallel position are inclined inwardly toward each other.
7. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that a plurality of said staples are provided in the form of a strip or stick adapted to be inserted in a staple-driving tool.
8. The staple of claim 1 further characterized in that each of said leg portions has at least one additional preformed barb projecting angularly in substantially rigid relation from the leg portion and spaced from the first-mentioned barb, said additional barb also being integrally joined with the leg portion solely at the outermost surface of the leg portion without diminishing the effective cross-sectional area of the leg portion.
Description:
This invention relates to fasteners and more particularly, to plastic staples.
Heretofore, fasteners or staples have been formed from metal wire or strip in the form of a U and are driven into the material to be stapled. The staple is usually clinched or secured in place by driving the ends of the staple against an anvil which forces the ends of the staple either apart or toward each other. In some locations, especially in the packaging industry, it is not always possible to use an anvil to clinch the staple. To meet these needs, metal staples have been suggested which have resilient ends or barbs which will deflect from a normal position while being driven and, after being driven in, will tend to return to their normal position to retain the staple and material together. The holding power provided by such staples is limited because the barbs can be displaced only a limited amount. Also, the barbs remain essentially in the same holes formed in the material when the staple legs are driven into the material. Moreover, for certain applications it would be advantageous to use non-metallic staples, such as staples formed from plastic. Yet, the staples must be secured simply by driving them in from one side without the use of an anvil.
In accordance with the present invention, the staples are formed from a resilient plastic material which tends to return to its normal position after being displaced therefrom and is said to have an "elastic memory." The staple comprises leg portions joined by a crown portion in such manner that the legs in their normal position are non-parallel. The legs have retaining means or barbs. The legs are held parallel during the driving or installation of the staple, but after the staple has been driven in, the legs of the staple tend to return to their normal or non-parallel position so that the barbs dig into the material into which the staple is driven, thus holding the staple in place. Since the entire leg is displaced, instead of just the barb thereof, the holding power of the staple is greatly increased.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved fastener formed of a resilient, plastic material having an "elastic memory."
Another object of the invention is to provide a staple which can be driven into engaged or retained position from one side without the use of an anvil.
Still anther object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive non-metallic fastener with good holding strength.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying figures of the drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a staple gun with which the staples of the present invention may be used;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a row of staples comprising one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the driving of the staple of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the completed installation of the staple of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a staple comprising a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of a staple comprising a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the driving of the staple of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the completed installation of the staple of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a row of staples comprising a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a staple comprising a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of a staple comprising a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a hand fastener or stapling gun 20 with which fasteners or staples of the present invention may be used, it being understood that other types of fastening tools may also be used. The stapling gun 20 has a magazine 22 which may be loaded with fasteners or staples and a driving head 24 which is activated by squeezing a trigger or lever 26 to drive the staple into the material, such as a corrugated cardboard or foam plastic container 28, to be secured or fastened with staples indicated at 30.
As is shown in FIG. 2, one embodiment of the staple 30 comprises a pair of elongated leg portions 32 integrally joined at their ends by a crown portion 34. In this embodiment, the legs 32 angle outwardly so that the legs 32 are divergent or non-parallel when the staple 30 is in its normal position. Each leg 32 has retaining means which in this instance comprises a reversely extending pointed barb 36 defining a sharp point 35 at the free end of the leg 32. Each barb 36 extends outwardly at an angle from its leg 32, and the barbs lie generally in the plane of the staple formed by the legs 32 and the crown 34. While only one portion of the staple, such as the legs or the crown, need be formed of resilient material, preferably the entire staple 30 is formed of a resilient plastic material which has an elastic memory.
A row or stick 38 of staples 30 may be formed by conventional plastic injection molding techniques to the desired length and shape. The row 38 and staples 30 may be made of such synthetic plastic materials as nylon or polypropylene which have an elastic memory. Since the staples 30 are formed by injection molding, there is no need for adhesive to hold the individual staples 30 together. Instead, weakened or thin sections are formed between adjacent staples 30, as at 40 in FIG. 2. The staples 30 then break off one at a time when struck by the driver blade 42 (FIG. 3) of the staple gun 20.
As is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, a row 38 of staples 30 is loaded in the magazine 22 having parallel side guide walls 44, the upper portions 46 thereof preferably being tapered outwardly to acommodate the divergent legs 32 of the staples 30. As is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3, the driver blade 42 of the staple gun 20 strikes the end staple 30 of the row 38 moving it through the guide walls 44 to the position shown in the dashed-dot lines, with the legs 32 having been cammed generally parallel to each other by the wall portions 46. The staple 30 then is driven completely through the guide walls 44 into the material to be fastened, such as the cardboard 28 and the underlying plastic foam or cellular material 48. While in the lower portion of the guide walls 44, the staple 30 is in a position with its legs 32 parallel, in this instance vertical, and after being completely driven from the guide walls 44 into the materials 28 and 48, the legs 32 again move outwardly be-cause of the elastic memory of the staple to substantially their normal or non-parallel position. The tendency for the legs 32 to return to their non-parallel position causes the barbs 36 of the legs 32 to firmly grip the material 48, and the barbs are embedded in the material to prevent removal of the staple 30 as in FIG. 4. As the legs 32 penetrate the material 48, the relatively rigid barbs 36 form holes or clearances between the legs 32 and the surrounding material 48, and these clearances facilitate the return of the legs 32 toward their non-parallel position. As will be evident, the staples of the present invention are particularly suited for use on soft materials, such as corrugated cardboard, cellular or foam plastic packaging materials, fibrous or pulp building, insulating and construction materials, and rubber or gum-like materials. In harder materials such as soft wood, the legs 32 of the staple 30 may not fully return to their normal position but will spread sufficiently for the barbs 36 to grip the material and retain the staple.
The angle at which each leg of the staple diverges from a parallel position may vary and depends upon the intended application of the staple. Staples which are driven completely through thin material should have a greater angle of divergence than staples which are embedded in thicker material, such as is shown in FIG. 4. A suitable range for the angle of divergence of the legs from parallel position will vary from as little as about 1° to as much as about 25°, dependent upon the plastic material selected and the length of the legs.
In FIG. 5 a modified fastener or staple 50 is shown comprising a pair of legs 52 and a crown 54 joining the legs. Here the crown 54 is formed with a curve or bow therein so as to cause the legs 52 to angle outwardly into a non-parallel normal position. Each of the legs has a plurality of barbs, in this instance two barbs 56, for increased gripping or holding power. During driving of the staple 50, the curved crown 54 tends to be flexed toward a straight position, thereby enhancing the resilient force tending to spread the legs 52 upon completion of the driving. The use of a plurality of barbs or retaining means on each leg is advantageous in stapling thin materials since, should the staple be driven through, at least some of the barbs will grip the material.
In FIGS. 6-8 another embodiment is illustrated comprising a staple 60 having a pair of legs 62 and a crown 64 joining the legs at their upper ends. In this case the legs 62 are angled inwardly in their normal or non-parallel position and have barbs 66 at their lower or free ends which extend inwardly from the legs. The magazine 70 (FIG. 7) of the gun for the staple 60 has parallel outer guide walls 72 which guide the staple 60. An inner bar guide 74, which is attached to the magazine 70, has outwardly tapered surfaces 76 which cause the barbed ends 66 of the staple 60 to separate or spread apart to a parallel position during installation. Thus, upon being driven into the material (in this instance, two pieces of foam plastic 80 and 82 which are to be joined) the legs 62 and barbs 66 enter generally perpendicular to the surface of the plastic pieces 80 and 82, and the legs 62 are parallel to each other as shown in FIG. 7. After being completely driven in the legs 62 tend to move towards their non-parallel or normal inwardly angled position, thus causing the barbs 66 to tightly engage and hold the pieces 80 and 82 together and preventing removal of the staple 60, as is shown in FIG. 8.
A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9 and comprises a staple 90 having a pair of legs 92 joined by a crown 94. In this instance the legs 92 are again angled outwardly but now have barbs 96 which extend from opposite edges of each leg 92 and lie in the same plane as the leg. To accommodate the opposed arrangement of the barbs 96 on adjacent staples, small integral tab portions 98 join the adjacent crowns 94 in spaced relation to form a row or stick 100. The integral tab portions 98 on adjoining staples 90 will shear apart when the end staple is driven from the magazine of a staple gun.
As is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, retaining means other than barbs may be provided on the staples of the present invention. For example, the legs 104 of the staple may be provided with notches 106 at the various sides thereof as in FIG. 10, or the legs 108 may have a plurality of threads or grooves 110 thereon.
Although the invention has been described with particular reference to certain specific structural embodiments thereof it should be understood that other modifications and equivalent structures may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Heretofore, fasteners or staples have been formed from metal wire or strip in the form of a U and are driven into the material to be stapled. The staple is usually clinched or secured in place by driving the ends of the staple against an anvil which forces the ends of the staple either apart or toward each other. In some locations, especially in the packaging industry, it is not always possible to use an anvil to clinch the staple. To meet these needs, metal staples have been suggested which have resilient ends or barbs which will deflect from a normal position while being driven and, after being driven in, will tend to return to their normal position to retain the staple and material together. The holding power provided by such staples is limited because the barbs can be displaced only a limited amount. Also, the barbs remain essentially in the same holes formed in the material when the staple legs are driven into the material. Moreover, for certain applications it would be advantageous to use non-metallic staples, such as staples formed from plastic. Yet, the staples must be secured simply by driving them in from one side without the use of an anvil.
In accordance with the present invention, the staples are formed from a resilient plastic material which tends to return to its normal position after being displaced therefrom and is said to have an "elastic memory." The staple comprises leg portions joined by a crown portion in such manner that the legs in their normal position are non-parallel. The legs have retaining means or barbs. The legs are held parallel during the driving or installation of the staple, but after the staple has been driven in, the legs of the staple tend to return to their normal or non-parallel position so that the barbs dig into the material into which the staple is driven, thus holding the staple in place. Since the entire leg is displaced, instead of just the barb thereof, the holding power of the staple is greatly increased.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved fastener formed of a resilient, plastic material having an "elastic memory."
Another object of the invention is to provide a staple which can be driven into engaged or retained position from one side without the use of an anvil.
Still anther object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive non-metallic fastener with good holding strength.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying figures of the drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a staple gun with which the staples of the present invention may be used;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a row of staples comprising one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the driving of the staple of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the completed installation of the staple of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a staple comprising a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of a staple comprising a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the driving of the staple of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the completed installation of the staple of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a row of staples comprising a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a staple comprising a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of a staple comprising a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a hand fastener or stapling gun 20 with which fasteners or staples of the present invention may be used, it being understood that other types of fastening tools may also be used. The stapling gun 20 has a magazine 22 which may be loaded with fasteners or staples and a driving head 24 which is activated by squeezing a trigger or lever 26 to drive the staple into the material, such as a corrugated cardboard or foam plastic container 28, to be secured or fastened with staples indicated at 30.
As is shown in FIG. 2, one embodiment of the staple 30 comprises a pair of elongated leg portions 32 integrally joined at their ends by a crown portion 34. In this embodiment, the legs 32 angle outwardly so that the legs 32 are divergent or non-parallel when the staple 30 is in its normal position. Each leg 32 has retaining means which in this instance comprises a reversely extending pointed barb 36 defining a sharp point 35 at the free end of the leg 32. Each barb 36 extends outwardly at an angle from its leg 32, and the barbs lie generally in the plane of the staple formed by the legs 32 and the crown 34. While only one portion of the staple, such as the legs or the crown, need be formed of resilient material, preferably the entire staple 30 is formed of a resilient plastic material which has an elastic memory.
A row or stick 38 of staples 30 may be formed by conventional plastic injection molding techniques to the desired length and shape. The row 38 and staples 30 may be made of such synthetic plastic materials as nylon or polypropylene which have an elastic memory. Since the staples 30 are formed by injection molding, there is no need for adhesive to hold the individual staples 30 together. Instead, weakened or thin sections are formed between adjacent staples 30, as at 40 in FIG. 2. The staples 30 then break off one at a time when struck by the driver blade 42 (FIG. 3) of the staple gun 20.
As is best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, a row 38 of staples 30 is loaded in the magazine 22 having parallel side guide walls 44, the upper portions 46 thereof preferably being tapered outwardly to acommodate the divergent legs 32 of the staples 30. As is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3, the driver blade 42 of the staple gun 20 strikes the end staple 30 of the row 38 moving it through the guide walls 44 to the position shown in the dashed-dot lines, with the legs 32 having been cammed generally parallel to each other by the wall portions 46. The staple 30 then is driven completely through the guide walls 44 into the material to be fastened, such as the cardboard 28 and the underlying plastic foam or cellular material 48. While in the lower portion of the guide walls 44, the staple 30 is in a position with its legs 32 parallel, in this instance vertical, and after being completely driven from the guide walls 44 into the materials 28 and 48, the legs 32 again move outwardly be-cause of the elastic memory of the staple to substantially their normal or non-parallel position. The tendency for the legs 32 to return to their non-parallel position causes the barbs 36 of the legs 32 to firmly grip the material 48, and the barbs are embedded in the material to prevent removal of the staple 30 as in FIG. 4. As the legs 32 penetrate the material 48, the relatively rigid barbs 36 form holes or clearances between the legs 32 and the surrounding material 48, and these clearances facilitate the return of the legs 32 toward their non-parallel position. As will be evident, the staples of the present invention are particularly suited for use on soft materials, such as corrugated cardboard, cellular or foam plastic packaging materials, fibrous or pulp building, insulating and construction materials, and rubber or gum-like materials. In harder materials such as soft wood, the legs 32 of the staple 30 may not fully return to their normal position but will spread sufficiently for the barbs 36 to grip the material and retain the staple.
The angle at which each leg of the staple diverges from a parallel position may vary and depends upon the intended application of the staple. Staples which are driven completely through thin material should have a greater angle of divergence than staples which are embedded in thicker material, such as is shown in FIG. 4. A suitable range for the angle of divergence of the legs from parallel position will vary from as little as about 1° to as much as about 25°, dependent upon the plastic material selected and the length of the legs.
In FIG. 5 a modified fastener or staple 50 is shown comprising a pair of legs 52 and a crown 54 joining the legs. Here the crown 54 is formed with a curve or bow therein so as to cause the legs 52 to angle outwardly into a non-parallel normal position. Each of the legs has a plurality of barbs, in this instance two barbs 56, for increased gripping or holding power. During driving of the staple 50, the curved crown 54 tends to be flexed toward a straight position, thereby enhancing the resilient force tending to spread the legs 52 upon completion of the driving. The use of a plurality of barbs or retaining means on each leg is advantageous in stapling thin materials since, should the staple be driven through, at least some of the barbs will grip the material.
In FIGS. 6-8 another embodiment is illustrated comprising a staple 60 having a pair of legs 62 and a crown 64 joining the legs at their upper ends. In this case the legs 62 are angled inwardly in their normal or non-parallel position and have barbs 66 at their lower or free ends which extend inwardly from the legs. The magazine 70 (FIG. 7) of the gun for the staple 60 has parallel outer guide walls 72 which guide the staple 60. An inner bar guide 74, which is attached to the magazine 70, has outwardly tapered surfaces 76 which cause the barbed ends 66 of the staple 60 to separate or spread apart to a parallel position during installation. Thus, upon being driven into the material (in this instance, two pieces of foam plastic 80 and 82 which are to be joined) the legs 62 and barbs 66 enter generally perpendicular to the surface of the plastic pieces 80 and 82, and the legs 62 are parallel to each other as shown in FIG. 7. After being completely driven in the legs 62 tend to move towards their non-parallel or normal inwardly angled position, thus causing the barbs 66 to tightly engage and hold the pieces 80 and 82 together and preventing removal of the staple 60, as is shown in FIG. 8.
A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 9 and comprises a staple 90 having a pair of legs 92 joined by a crown 94. In this instance the legs 92 are again angled outwardly but now have barbs 96 which extend from opposite edges of each leg 92 and lie in the same plane as the leg. To accommodate the opposed arrangement of the barbs 96 on adjacent staples, small integral tab portions 98 join the adjacent crowns 94 in spaced relation to form a row or stick 100. The integral tab portions 98 on adjoining staples 90 will shear apart when the end staple is driven from the magazine of a staple gun.
As is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, retaining means other than barbs may be provided on the staples of the present invention. For example, the legs 104 of the staple may be provided with notches 106 at the various sides thereof as in FIG. 10, or the legs 108 may have a plurality of threads or grooves 110 thereon.
Although the invention has been described with particular reference to certain specific structural embodiments thereof it should be understood that other modifications and equivalent structures may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.