Title:
ARGON COMPRESSED GAS SUPPLY
United States Patent 3756621
Abstract:
Storage and supply of argon in a reservoir for inflation of air cushion.
US Patent References:
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING VEHICLE GAS BAGS
Stephenson - July 1972 - 3674059
GAS-GENERATING APPARATUS
Leising et al. - March 1972 - 3647393
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING VEHICLE GAS BAGS
Stephenson - July 1972 - 3674059
GAS-GENERATING APPARATUS
Leising et al. - March 1972 - 3647393
Inventors:
Lewis, Donald J. (Troy, MI)
Bishop, Robert J. (Rochester, MI)
Bishop, Robert J. (Rochester, MI)
Application Number:
05/195092
Publication Date:
09/04/1973
Filing Date:
11/03/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Allied Chemical Corporation (New York, NY)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
423/262
International Classes:
B01J7/00; B60R21/26; G06K17/00; B60R21/08
Field of Search:
280/15AB 23/281 423/262
Primary Examiner:
Betts, Kenneth H.
Assistant Examiner:
Silverstrim, John P.
Claims:
We claim
1. Inflatable gas bag system for protection of an occupant of a vehicle comprising inflatable cushion means and a source for providing inflating gas to said means, said source comprising 1. gas generating means from combustible material for supply of generated gas to said cushion means and 2. pressurized stored gas consisting of compressed argon gas, and further including means for at least partially intermixing said generated gas with said compressed argon gas.
1. Inflatable gas bag system for protection of an occupant of a vehicle comprising inflatable cushion means and a source for providing inflating gas to said means, said source comprising 1. gas generating means from combustible material for supply of generated gas to said cushion means and 2. pressurized stored gas consisting of compressed argon gas, and further including means for at least partially intermixing said generated gas with said compressed argon gas.
Description:
This invention relates to the introduction of argon compressed gas into a source reservoir, or chamber, from which said gas is supplied to a cushion for occupant, including but not limited to driver protection in an automobile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As is well known in the art, stored compressed gas found in a chamber or reservoir may be utilized to inflate cushion material for protection of an occupant in a moving vehicle, such as an automobile. Such compressed gas may be the only inflating material for the cushion, or may be used in association with augmenting heat and generated gas. In the prior art, such compressed gas is usually compressed air or compressed nitrogen used alone or in association with a gas generated from a combustible source.
Compressed air and compressed nitrogen have specific problems related to their use. For example, air is not inert and when it is compressed to relatively high pressure becomes a source of significant hazard. Although compressed nitrogen is relatively inert, it contributes to the production of nitrogen oxide contaminates, especially when intermixed with gases generated from combustion. In addition, compressed air and compressed nitrogen are of relatively low molecular weight so they have relatively high thermal conductivity as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, and further do not contribute as well to a relatively high mass of gas in the cushion when inflating said cushion.
It is an object and advantage of this invention to provide a gas which meets the needs of an inflating gas, without the disadvantages discussed above. Other objects and advantages will become more apparent upon review of the disclosure which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Generally, the invention may be described as the storage and introduction of compressed argon gas into a protective cushion from a gas source.
The invention will now be described in association with the accompanying drawing which shows in the single view an illustrative schematic of a gas cushion system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
In the embodiment of the drawing, shown merely for illustrative purposes, a chamber 2 for storing compressed gas is shown in the gas cushion system 1. Said chamber 2 is normally sealed so that the gas may not escape and a plug 3 is located at one end thereof with a detonator 4 lying thereagainst for rupturing the plug 3 to allow the gas to escape from the chamber 2. The chamber 2 preferably includes a gas generation device 5 which includes a combustible material 6 therein to be ignited by a squib 7. Gas generating from the combustible material 6, which in one embodiment is a poly vinyl composite propellant but may be other materials, emits gas through the orifice 8 at an end of the gas generating assembly 5. Firing of the squib 7, and detonator 4 may be controlled by a sensor device 10, well known in the prior art, for example the sensor of U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 117,560, filed Feb. 22/71, which is sensitive to a crash condition of a vehicle in which the gas cushion system is mounted. A timer or timers 11 and 12 may be utilized in one embodiment to delay firing of the gas generating device until after the plug 3 is blown by the detonator 4. Alternately, the sequence of blowing of the plug 3 and the disc 9 may be reversed or otherwise altered, as desired. Further details of one embodiment of gas storage and generating device, as described above, may be found in U.S. Application Ser. No. 81,947, filed Sept. 19/70.
It is emphasized that the chamber 2 may contain no gas generating device, but merely be a storage cylinder in one embodiment of the invention, but specific advantages accrue from the invention where an augmented gas supply system, i.e., a stored compressed gas augmented by a generated gas, is utilized.
The stored gas in chamber 2 and the generated gas, if it is present, is supplied through the elbow device 13 in one embodiment, to the manifold 14 for distribution into cushion 15 joined to said manifold. The use of elbow structure 13 or the particular manifold structure and the specific cushion device employed (including a single or multiple cushion) is a matter of choice not relevent to the invention. What is shown in the drawing and described above is shown merely for illustrative purposes.
The gas contained in the chamber 2 is compressed argon, preferably in the range of 1,000 to 3,000 psi and in one embodiment 2,350 psi. Argon is inert. Unlike nitrogen or compressed air, argon will not contribute to the production of nitrous oxide toxic contaminates in the gas, which is especially beneficial where generated gas from combustion materials augments the stored gas. Because of its low thermal conductivity and high molecular weight, the compressed argon stored in the chamber 2 serves to more efficiently cool said generated gas, without producing said contaminates. Furthermore, since argon has a relatively low thermal conductivity (42.37 CDL/(sec)(cm 2 )(°C/cm)×10 -6 ) as compared to nitrogen (62.40) or compressed air (62.20), heat added to the argon as a result of combination with generated gas is more concentrated in the argon and transmitted less to the air cushion which it inflates. Furthermore, since argon is relatively heavy per mol of inflating material (39.948) as compared to nitrogen (14) or air (14.5), the compressed argon in the cushion contributes to a plumper air cushion of greater mass, thus affording greater occupant protection.
Furthermore, argon has distinctive advantages over the other gas medias, such as air and nitrogen, in that because of its higher thermal capacity, the final temperature produced in the crash cushion is dramatically reduced when utilizing argon as a filling media. Argon also has an advantage in that its viscosity is higher than nitrogen or air, thereby causing the function of the dynamic air cushion to be of a relatively non-linear nature in that the restraining loads placed on the occupants are not as directly proportional to penetration depth into the bag as with nitrogen.
The net advantages of these and the other aforementioned advantages of argon are that the utilization of argon allows the production of an air bag system which utilizes a decreased amount of propellant thereby rendering the bag cooler, less smokey, quieter, non-toxic, relatively non-linear dynamic response, and one that provides more uniform characteristics over the appropriate operational temperature range.
If desired, it is within the scope of this invention to include within the vessel 2 a mixture of compressed helium and compressed argon within the ratio of 90 percent Ar to 90 percent He in order to obtain the advantages of argon set forth above with the relative ease of leak checking.
Furthermore, the lower thermal conductivity of argon materially increases the very localized temperature of the mixing zone where the generated gases meet the stored gases in order to allow the combustion process of the generated gases to go to a more complete state of reaction, thereby materially reducing the concentration of carbonmonoxide produced by the inflation system and thereby allowing the chemistry of the propellant to be placed at a more stoichiometric balance, which materially increases the reduction of other possible contaminates by the interaction of excessive oxidives which were heretofore necessary in order to reduce the CO (carbonmonoxide) level to acceptable values.
Having described the invention with relation to a specific embodiment shown in the drawing for purposes of illustration,
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As is well known in the art, stored compressed gas found in a chamber or reservoir may be utilized to inflate cushion material for protection of an occupant in a moving vehicle, such as an automobile. Such compressed gas may be the only inflating material for the cushion, or may be used in association with augmenting heat and generated gas. In the prior art, such compressed gas is usually compressed air or compressed nitrogen used alone or in association with a gas generated from a combustible source.
Compressed air and compressed nitrogen have specific problems related to their use. For example, air is not inert and when it is compressed to relatively high pressure becomes a source of significant hazard. Although compressed nitrogen is relatively inert, it contributes to the production of nitrogen oxide contaminates, especially when intermixed with gases generated from combustion. In addition, compressed air and compressed nitrogen are of relatively low molecular weight so they have relatively high thermal conductivity as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, and further do not contribute as well to a relatively high mass of gas in the cushion when inflating said cushion.
It is an object and advantage of this invention to provide a gas which meets the needs of an inflating gas, without the disadvantages discussed above. Other objects and advantages will become more apparent upon review of the disclosure which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Generally, the invention may be described as the storage and introduction of compressed argon gas into a protective cushion from a gas source.
The invention will now be described in association with the accompanying drawing which shows in the single view an illustrative schematic of a gas cushion system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
In the embodiment of the drawing, shown merely for illustrative purposes, a chamber 2 for storing compressed gas is shown in the gas cushion system 1. Said chamber 2 is normally sealed so that the gas may not escape and a plug 3 is located at one end thereof with a detonator 4 lying thereagainst for rupturing the plug 3 to allow the gas to escape from the chamber 2. The chamber 2 preferably includes a gas generation device 5 which includes a combustible material 6 therein to be ignited by a squib 7. Gas generating from the combustible material 6, which in one embodiment is a poly vinyl composite propellant but may be other materials, emits gas through the orifice 8 at an end of the gas generating assembly 5. Firing of the squib 7, and detonator 4 may be controlled by a sensor device 10, well known in the prior art, for example the sensor of U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 117,560, filed Feb. 22/71, which is sensitive to a crash condition of a vehicle in which the gas cushion system is mounted. A timer or timers 11 and 12 may be utilized in one embodiment to delay firing of the gas generating device until after the plug 3 is blown by the detonator 4. Alternately, the sequence of blowing of the plug 3 and the disc 9 may be reversed or otherwise altered, as desired. Further details of one embodiment of gas storage and generating device, as described above, may be found in U.S. Application Ser. No. 81,947, filed Sept. 19/70.
It is emphasized that the chamber 2 may contain no gas generating device, but merely be a storage cylinder in one embodiment of the invention, but specific advantages accrue from the invention where an augmented gas supply system, i.e., a stored compressed gas augmented by a generated gas, is utilized.
The stored gas in chamber 2 and the generated gas, if it is present, is supplied through the elbow device 13 in one embodiment, to the manifold 14 for distribution into cushion 15 joined to said manifold. The use of elbow structure 13 or the particular manifold structure and the specific cushion device employed (including a single or multiple cushion) is a matter of choice not relevent to the invention. What is shown in the drawing and described above is shown merely for illustrative purposes.
The gas contained in the chamber 2 is compressed argon, preferably in the range of 1,000 to 3,000 psi and in one embodiment 2,350 psi. Argon is inert. Unlike nitrogen or compressed air, argon will not contribute to the production of nitrous oxide toxic contaminates in the gas, which is especially beneficial where generated gas from combustion materials augments the stored gas. Because of its low thermal conductivity and high molecular weight, the compressed argon stored in the chamber 2 serves to more efficiently cool said generated gas, without producing said contaminates. Furthermore, since argon has a relatively low thermal conductivity (42.37 CDL/(sec)(cm 2 )(°C/cm)×10 -6 ) as compared to nitrogen (62.40) or compressed air (62.20), heat added to the argon as a result of combination with generated gas is more concentrated in the argon and transmitted less to the air cushion which it inflates. Furthermore, since argon is relatively heavy per mol of inflating material (39.948) as compared to nitrogen (14) or air (14.5), the compressed argon in the cushion contributes to a plumper air cushion of greater mass, thus affording greater occupant protection.
Furthermore, argon has distinctive advantages over the other gas medias, such as air and nitrogen, in that because of its higher thermal capacity, the final temperature produced in the crash cushion is dramatically reduced when utilizing argon as a filling media. Argon also has an advantage in that its viscosity is higher than nitrogen or air, thereby causing the function of the dynamic air cushion to be of a relatively non-linear nature in that the restraining loads placed on the occupants are not as directly proportional to penetration depth into the bag as with nitrogen.
The net advantages of these and the other aforementioned advantages of argon are that the utilization of argon allows the production of an air bag system which utilizes a decreased amount of propellant thereby rendering the bag cooler, less smokey, quieter, non-toxic, relatively non-linear dynamic response, and one that provides more uniform characteristics over the appropriate operational temperature range.
If desired, it is within the scope of this invention to include within the vessel 2 a mixture of compressed helium and compressed argon within the ratio of 90 percent Ar to 90 percent He in order to obtain the advantages of argon set forth above with the relative ease of leak checking.
Furthermore, the lower thermal conductivity of argon materially increases the very localized temperature of the mixing zone where the generated gases meet the stored gases in order to allow the combustion process of the generated gases to go to a more complete state of reaction, thereby materially reducing the concentration of carbonmonoxide produced by the inflation system and thereby allowing the chemistry of the propellant to be placed at a more stoichiometric balance, which materially increases the reduction of other possible contaminates by the interaction of excessive oxidives which were heretofore necessary in order to reduce the CO (carbonmonoxide) level to acceptable values.
Having described the invention with relation to a specific embodiment shown in the drawing for purposes of illustration,