VERTICAL MACHINE FOR WORKING METALS BY IMPULSES
United States Patent 3756065
A machine incorporating an upper and a lower ram colliding under the influence of stored energy of an energy carrier, charged into an impulse chamber enclosed in the upper ram. Both rams are interlinked by rods with the lower ram movably mounted on the rods to travel along them. Provided in the machine are the projections ensuring the shock-free stoppage of the rods.
US Patent References:
High-energy impact machine
Ottestad - June 1964 - 3135140
Impact apparatus
Monahan - December 1965 - 3222914
Hydraulic ram assembly for a forging press
Allen - August 1967 - 3333457
High-energy impact machine
Ottestad - June 1964 - 3135140
Impact apparatus
Monahan - December 1965 - 3222914
Hydraulic ram assembly for a forging press
Allen - August 1967 - 3333457
Inventors:
Kononenko, Vadim Grigorievich (Kharkov, SU)
Komnatny, Igor Pavlovich (Kharkov, SU)
Yatsenko, Sergei Vasilievich (Kharkov, SU)
Schekochikhin, Serafim Vasilievich (Kharkov, SU)
Stelmakh, Viktor Alexeevich (Kharkov, SU)
Maznichenko, Stanislav Anisimovich (Kharkov, SU)
Zaitsev Deceased., Kim Ivanovich (LATE OF Kharkov, SU)
, Zatitseva, administrator; by Maiya (Kharkov, SU)
Komnatny, Igor Pavlovich (Kharkov, SU)
Yatsenko, Sergei Vasilievich (Kharkov, SU)
Schekochikhin, Serafim Vasilievich (Kharkov, SU)
Stelmakh, Viktor Alexeevich (Kharkov, SU)
Maznichenko, Stanislav Anisimovich (Kharkov, SU)
Zaitsev Deceased., Kim Ivanovich (LATE OF Kharkov, SU)
, Zatitseva, administrator; by Maiya (Kharkov, SU)
Application Number:
05/157255
Publication Date:
09/04/1973
Filing Date:
06/28/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
72/453.100
International Classes:
B21J7/24; B21J7/34; B23D15/14; B21J7/00; B23D15/00; B21J7/24
Field of Search:
72/453,407 100/269R,264
Primary Examiner:
Lanham, Charles W.
Assistant Examiner:
Crosby, Gene P.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A vertical machine for working metals by sudden impulses, comprising upper and lower rams colliding under the influence of stored energy of an energy carrier charged into an impulse chamber enclosed in the said upper ram; the said upper ram having guide chambers to accommodate movable pistons with their rods on which the lower ram is movably mounted to be free to travel along these rods when they stop; the said guide chambers being in communication at regular intervals with the said impulse chamber by the transfer of the energy carrier from the impulse chamber; the tools being fastened on the lower and upper rams respectively and the means for stopping the said rods without shock; the said means being arranged in spaces above the pistons in the said guide chambers of the said upper ram.
2. A machine of claim 1, in which each means for the shock-free stoppage of the rod is a projection, disposed on the internal surface of the guide chambers in the space above the piston axially to the rod and fitting with a clearance recess provided in the piston, said recess being filled with a viscous fluid throttled through the said clearance.
1. A vertical machine for working metals by sudden impulses, comprising upper and lower rams colliding under the influence of stored energy of an energy carrier charged into an impulse chamber enclosed in the said upper ram; the said upper ram having guide chambers to accommodate movable pistons with their rods on which the lower ram is movably mounted to be free to travel along these rods when they stop; the said guide chambers being in communication at regular intervals with the said impulse chamber by the transfer of the energy carrier from the impulse chamber; the tools being fastened on the lower and upper rams respectively and the means for stopping the said rods without shock; the said means being arranged in spaces above the pistons in the said guide chambers of the said upper ram.
2. A machine of claim 1, in which each means for the shock-free stoppage of the rod is a projection, disposed on the internal surface of the guide chambers in the space above the piston axially to the rod and fitting with a clearance recess provided in the piston, said recess being filled with a viscous fluid throttled through the said clearance.
Description:
The present invention relates to equipment for metal working and more particularly -- to vertical machines for impulse forming of metals.
This invention is best suited for cutting ingots formed on continuous casting plants, for forging and pressing.
Widely known are machines for working metals by impulses, incorporating two tools which advance towards the metal stock to be processed and fastened respectively on upper and lower rams. The upper ram has an impulse chamber primed with an energy carrier, for instance, with a gas, for the accumulation of energy, and guide chambers accommodating movable pistons and rods and communicating with the impulse chamber at regular intervals. Fast on the rods is the lower ram colliding with the upper one when the rods are displaced under the effect of the energy stored.
As the energy generated by the impulse machines depends on the actual piston working stroke, i.e. on the degree of expansion of the energy carrier, in the known machines the effective travel of the tools is equal to the piston working stroke on account of a rigid linkage between the lower ram and the rods. Therefore upon changing the dimensions of the metal being processed or of the height of the tools, such as dies, account must be taken not only for the variation in the effective tool travel but of the actual degree of expansion of the energy carrier, otherwise it may lead to either inadequate usage of the energy stored or injure the tools. In addition, due to the rigid joint between the lower ram and the rods, in case of a concussion, for example, when both halves of the die are pressed together, the rods are under the action of their own inertia, which may amount to comparatively high values.
The object of the present invention is to develop a machine for working metals by sudden impulses which would provide a constant working stroke of the rods, i.e. a constant degree of expansion of the energy carrier when the effective tool travel is altered.
Still another object of this invention is the development of a machine which would enable a reduction in the loads acting on the rods as the metal being processed is subjected to a plastic flow.
These as well as other objects are achieved by the fact, that in the machine comprising two tools which advance towards a metal stock being processed, with one of the tools being fastened on the upper ram, having an impulse chamber filled with an energy carrier to store the energy and the guide chambers communicating with the impulse chamber at regular intervals and accommodating the travelling pistons with the rods coupled to the lower ram carrying the second tool and capable of colliding with the upper ram when the rods are displaced under the action of the energy stored, the spaces above the pistons in the guide chambers of the upper ram accommodate, conforming to the invention, the means for stopping the rods without shock, with the above rods carrying the movably mounted lower ram which is free to travel along these rods, when they stop moving.
The above construction principle enables a reduction in the loads existing on the rods at the moment the metal being worked is deformed, a constant working stroke of the rods, a decrease in the size of the upper ram, insuring the possibility of changing the effective tool travel over a wide range thus eliminating the need for taking into account the alterations in the rod working stroke when calculating the energy generated.
It would be expedient to make each means for shock-free stoppage of the rod in the form of a projection disposed coaxially with the rod on the internal surface of the space above the piston within the guide chamber of the upper ram and fitted with a clearance recess in the piston filled with a viscous fluid which may be throttled through the said clearance.
To make the present invention more clear considered below is an exemplary embodiment to be taken with due reference to the accompanying drawing which is a fragmentary cut-away view of the vertical machine, conforming to the invention.
The machine for working metals by impulses comprises upper ram I and lower ram 2 carrying tools 3 and 4, respectively, and colliding under the effect of the energy released by an energy carrier accumulated in impulse chamber 5. As for the energy carrier use may be made of a combustible mixture of gaseous or liquid fuel and an oxidizer or of a compressed gas.
Upper ram I has guide chambers 6 which encloses traveling pistons 7 with rods 8 connected thereto, and with space "A" extending beneath the piston communicating at regular intervals with impulse chamber 5 via hole 9. The hole is closed by means of the valve-type locking appliance IO. To keep the energy carrier from leaking from space "A" beneath the piston into space "B" above the piston within guide chambers 6 pistons 7 are fitted with packing means II.
Lower ram 2 is movably mounted on rods 8 to travel along them. In order to make fast ram 2 in its lower position, the ends of rods 8 have limit stops I2. To improve the sliding conditions for ram 2 travelling along rod 8, mounted in its openings I3 are blocks I4 made from antifriction material.
To ensure the shock-free stoppage of rods 8 guide chambers 6 are equipped with special means which represent projections I5 located on the internal surface of space "B" above the piston within the guide chamber 6 coaxially with rods 8. The projections fit with a clearance recesses I6 provided in pistons 7 said recesses being and filled with the viscous fluid which may be throttled through the said clearance. To erect the machine and to assure the working stroke of rod 7 there are pneumatic shock absorbers I7 fast on the machine foundation.
The effective travel of tools 3 and 4 and the working stroke of rods 8 are indicated in the drawing by arrows C and D respectively.
The machine functions as follows.
In the initial position the metal stock to be processed is placed between tools 3 and 4. Impulse chamber 5 is primed with the energy carrier, for example, with a combustible mixture, which upon burning causes locking appliance IO to open. As a result high-pressure gases are allowed to flow via hole 9 into space A beneath the pistons in guide chambers 6, exerting a pressure on pistons 7. The latter are raised with a high speed and impart the motion via rods 8 and limit stops I2 to lower ram 2 with tool 4. Meanwhile upper ram 1 with tool 3 under the influence of rebound is forced down toward the lower ram. As the working stroke of rods 8 is being completed, rams I and 2 accumulate an adequate kinetic energy to form the metal to be processed. In addition, when the working stroke of rods 8 is at the point of completion, hydrodynamic braking is initiated, brought about by the forces, originating when the braking fluid is forced out from recesses I6 by projections I5 and throttled. After the hydrodynamic braking has been started, lower ram 2 continues its lift with an acquired speed which is ensured by its articulation with rods 8.
The metal to be processed is formed by a synchronous blow of the rams moving towards each other. Forming completed, ram 2 moves down of its own weight until it rests against limit stops I2, while ram I is returned into its original position by pneumatic shock absorbers I7.
Following that the cycle is repeated.
This invention is best suited for cutting ingots formed on continuous casting plants, for forging and pressing.
Widely known are machines for working metals by impulses, incorporating two tools which advance towards the metal stock to be processed and fastened respectively on upper and lower rams. The upper ram has an impulse chamber primed with an energy carrier, for instance, with a gas, for the accumulation of energy, and guide chambers accommodating movable pistons and rods and communicating with the impulse chamber at regular intervals. Fast on the rods is the lower ram colliding with the upper one when the rods are displaced under the effect of the energy stored.
As the energy generated by the impulse machines depends on the actual piston working stroke, i.e. on the degree of expansion of the energy carrier, in the known machines the effective travel of the tools is equal to the piston working stroke on account of a rigid linkage between the lower ram and the rods. Therefore upon changing the dimensions of the metal being processed or of the height of the tools, such as dies, account must be taken not only for the variation in the effective tool travel but of the actual degree of expansion of the energy carrier, otherwise it may lead to either inadequate usage of the energy stored or injure the tools. In addition, due to the rigid joint between the lower ram and the rods, in case of a concussion, for example, when both halves of the die are pressed together, the rods are under the action of their own inertia, which may amount to comparatively high values.
The object of the present invention is to develop a machine for working metals by sudden impulses which would provide a constant working stroke of the rods, i.e. a constant degree of expansion of the energy carrier when the effective tool travel is altered.
Still another object of this invention is the development of a machine which would enable a reduction in the loads acting on the rods as the metal being processed is subjected to a plastic flow.
These as well as other objects are achieved by the fact, that in the machine comprising two tools which advance towards a metal stock being processed, with one of the tools being fastened on the upper ram, having an impulse chamber filled with an energy carrier to store the energy and the guide chambers communicating with the impulse chamber at regular intervals and accommodating the travelling pistons with the rods coupled to the lower ram carrying the second tool and capable of colliding with the upper ram when the rods are displaced under the action of the energy stored, the spaces above the pistons in the guide chambers of the upper ram accommodate, conforming to the invention, the means for stopping the rods without shock, with the above rods carrying the movably mounted lower ram which is free to travel along these rods, when they stop moving.
The above construction principle enables a reduction in the loads existing on the rods at the moment the metal being worked is deformed, a constant working stroke of the rods, a decrease in the size of the upper ram, insuring the possibility of changing the effective tool travel over a wide range thus eliminating the need for taking into account the alterations in the rod working stroke when calculating the energy generated.
It would be expedient to make each means for shock-free stoppage of the rod in the form of a projection disposed coaxially with the rod on the internal surface of the space above the piston within the guide chamber of the upper ram and fitted with a clearance recess in the piston filled with a viscous fluid which may be throttled through the said clearance.
To make the present invention more clear considered below is an exemplary embodiment to be taken with due reference to the accompanying drawing which is a fragmentary cut-away view of the vertical machine, conforming to the invention.
The machine for working metals by impulses comprises upper ram I and lower ram 2 carrying tools 3 and 4, respectively, and colliding under the effect of the energy released by an energy carrier accumulated in impulse chamber 5. As for the energy carrier use may be made of a combustible mixture of gaseous or liquid fuel and an oxidizer or of a compressed gas.
Upper ram I has guide chambers 6 which encloses traveling pistons 7 with rods 8 connected thereto, and with space "A" extending beneath the piston communicating at regular intervals with impulse chamber 5 via hole 9. The hole is closed by means of the valve-type locking appliance IO. To keep the energy carrier from leaking from space "A" beneath the piston into space "B" above the piston within guide chambers 6 pistons 7 are fitted with packing means II.
Lower ram 2 is movably mounted on rods 8 to travel along them. In order to make fast ram 2 in its lower position, the ends of rods 8 have limit stops I2. To improve the sliding conditions for ram 2 travelling along rod 8, mounted in its openings I3 are blocks I4 made from antifriction material.
To ensure the shock-free stoppage of rods 8 guide chambers 6 are equipped with special means which represent projections I5 located on the internal surface of space "B" above the piston within the guide chamber 6 coaxially with rods 8. The projections fit with a clearance recesses I6 provided in pistons 7 said recesses being and filled with the viscous fluid which may be throttled through the said clearance. To erect the machine and to assure the working stroke of rod 7 there are pneumatic shock absorbers I7 fast on the machine foundation.
The effective travel of tools 3 and 4 and the working stroke of rods 8 are indicated in the drawing by arrows C and D respectively.
The machine functions as follows.
In the initial position the metal stock to be processed is placed between tools 3 and 4. Impulse chamber 5 is primed with the energy carrier, for example, with a combustible mixture, which upon burning causes locking appliance IO to open. As a result high-pressure gases are allowed to flow via hole 9 into space A beneath the pistons in guide chambers 6, exerting a pressure on pistons 7. The latter are raised with a high speed and impart the motion via rods 8 and limit stops I2 to lower ram 2 with tool 4. Meanwhile upper ram 1 with tool 3 under the influence of rebound is forced down toward the lower ram. As the working stroke of rods 8 is being completed, rams I and 2 accumulate an adequate kinetic energy to form the metal to be processed. In addition, when the working stroke of rods 8 is at the point of completion, hydrodynamic braking is initiated, brought about by the forces, originating when the braking fluid is forced out from recesses I6 by projections I5 and throttled. After the hydrodynamic braking has been started, lower ram 2 continues its lift with an acquired speed which is ensured by its articulation with rods 8.
The metal to be processed is formed by a synchronous blow of the rams moving towards each other. Forming completed, ram 2 moves down of its own weight until it rests against limit stops I2, while ram I is returned into its original position by pneumatic shock absorbers I7.
Following that the cycle is repeated.