Title:
ADJUSTABLE HESITATION BLOW-BACK OPERATED GUN TOGGLE MECHANISM
United States Patent 3748961
Abstract:
A toggle action piston in which an under-center toggle employing toggle links of two predetermined sizes providing a given hesitation is tripped to recede into its handle by the effects of gas pressure generated at the time of firing.
Application Number:
05/253053
Publication Date:
07/31/1973
Filing Date:
05/15/1972
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
124/56
International Classes:
F41A3/50; F41A5/02; F41A21/48; F41A3/00; F41A5/00; F41A21/00; F41C5/00
Field of Search:
89/168,175,189
Primary Examiner:
Bentley, Stephen C.
Parent Case Data:
This invention pertaining to toggle action weapons is a continuation in part of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 53,078 filed July 8, 1970 by Walter E. Perrine entitled ADJUSTABLE HESITATION BLOW BACK OPERATED GUN TOGGLE MECHANISM, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,091, and is particularly directed to means for causing a blow-back toggle having toggle links of given sizes to hesitate before being tripped to recede into the handle of the pistol by gas pressure generated at the time of firing.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A toggle action gun comprising:
2. The toggle action gun of claim 1 in further combination with:
3. The toggle action gun of claim 2 wherein:
4. The toggle action gun of claim 1 in further combination with:
5. The toggle action gun of claim 3 in further combination with:
6. The toggle action gun of claim 5 wherein:
1. A toggle action gun comprising:
2. The toggle action gun of claim 1 in further combination with:
3. The toggle action gun of claim 2 wherein:
4. The toggle action gun of claim 1 in further combination with:
5. The toggle action gun of claim 3 in further combination with:
6. The toggle action gun of claim 5 wherein:
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is particularly directed to toggle action weapons such as pistols wherein the toggle is tripped from an under-center locked position by gas pressure from the gun barrel when the gun is fired. The toggle, after a predetermined hesitation, is caused to recede into the handle of the pistol to offset the effects of firing recoil.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, the majority of all toggle actuated weapons of this class have been recoil operated, thus lending their complexity to a degree of inefficiency that was not acceptable to the public or to the military market. Further, all prior small hand-held weapons, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns have been limited to the use of small, low energy pistol ammunition, and were limited as to size, weight, chamber pressure and velocity of the projectile.
In accordance with the invention claimed, a new and improved toggle action weapon is provided which utilizes the gun barrel pressure directly to drive an under-center toggle having toggle links of given sizes interconnected with the bolt and frame of the gun in a predetermined manner from its locked position to a tripped position. At the time this happens, the bullet has left the barrel of the gun and the residual pressure in the gun after a predetermined hesitation actuates the toggle to its fully retracted position in the handle of the weapon. Recoil springs in the gun return the toggle to a predetermined under-center position which accomplishes the function of a locked over-center position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention claimed, an improved under-center toggle action gun is provided which employs toggle links of two different sizes connected in the gun in a predetermined manner.
It is, therefore, one object of this invention to provide an improved weapon in which gas pressure generated in a gun barrel is utilized directly to trip an under-center toggle, causing it to recede to a retracted position.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved weapon having a predetermined hesitation before being tripped to cause it to recede to a retracted position.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved toggle actuated weapon employing a toggle linkage having links of predetermined lengths connected in a predetermined manner in the weapon to assume various under-center locked positions of the toggle, thereby enabling the weapon to fire rifle cartridges with safety.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a weapon with a toggle design such that there is only one point of contact in the moving parts going rearward and one point of contact in the moving parts returning to their original position, so as to make the operation of the gun completely silent.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a weapon having an under-center toggle tripped by pressure generated in the gun barrel which controls the breech pressure at the time of opening so as to eliminate or greatly reduce residual pressure at the time the breech opens.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an adjustably positioned under-center toggle for a weapon that employs a predetermined hesitation before being tripped and is dynamically balanced so as to accomplish a smooth, consistent, and continuous pressure throughout the movement of the bolt after tripping in which the line of force from the moving parts is directed to the palm of the hand, thereby virtually eliminating all noticeable recoil.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of novelty which characterize this invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention may be more readily described by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a right hand side elevation of a gas operated toggle action weapon incorporating the features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing a gas operated toggle action weapon incorporating the features of this invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the weapon shown in FIG. 2 taken along the line 4--4;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1-6 illustrate an example of one embodiment of this invention. For more details of the gun illustrated, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,630,119 issued Dec. 28, 1971, entitled GAS OPERATED TOGGLE FOR GUN, by the same inventor of this application. More particularly, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a pistol having a frame 10, handle 11, trigger 12 with trigger guard 13, and a bullet magazine 14. A demountable, adjustably positioned barrel 15 has a rear end diameter portion 16 which is received in the semi-circular bore 18 and groove 19 in the front end of frame 10. An elongated clamp 20 is pivotally mounted on a suitable hinge screw 21 secured in frame 10 so that clamp 20 can swing outwardly as shown in FIG. 3 to the broken line position 20a. The outer end of clamp 20 is provided with a mating semi-circular bore and groove to match bore 18 and groove 19 to grip the diameter portion 16 to secure the gun barrel 15 in firing position on frame 10. In order to adjustably position gun barrel 16 longitudinally of its longitudinal axis, the rear end portion 16 of the gun barrel 15 is provided with a radially disposed flange or dogs 17 which are threaded around the gun barrel. The outer end of clamp 20 is also provided with a mating groove 21 for receiving flange 17. The surface of barrel 15 adjacent the outer end of clamp 20 is provided with a plurality of serrations 22 extending longitudinally of the barrel to form a ratchet-type wheel arrangement around the barrel. A pawl 23 is mounted in clamp 20 adjacent the serrations 22 so as to engage the serrations to control the longitudinal movement of the gun barrel in either direction. The clamp is secured in closed position by suitable screws 25 in frame 10.
The bullet magazine 14 is demountably secured by the usual releasable latch in a guide sleeve 27 of frame 10 to feed bullets 28 into insertion and firing position by the usual bolt 29 which moves on guide keys 30 in appropriate guide slots 31 and 32 in frame 10 and clamp 20 longitudinally of breech opening 33 of the rear end of barrel 15. The rear end of bolt 29 is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 34 carried in the front end of a front link 35, the rear end of which is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 36 to the front end of a rear link 37, in turn pivotally connected by a pivot pin 38 carried in the rear portion of frame 10 to thus provide a toggle 35-37 for controlling the movement of bolt 29.
Normally, when bullet 28 has been loaded in the barrel in firing position, the toggle 35-37 is aligned, as shown in full line in FIG. 1, with the top surface 37a up against an adjustable locating abutment means 39 threadedly mounted in frame 10, at which time the axis 40 of pin 36 is slightly below a line between axes 41 and 42 of pins 34 and 38 so that toggle 35-37 is in an under-center locked position as shown in full line in FIG. 1. A compression spring 44 is carried on a push rod 45 slidingly supported in a clearance hole 46 in a baffle 47 in handle 11 and pivotally connected by a pin 48 to the link 37, the compression spring 44 operating between a baffle 47 and a flange 49 of the push rod 45 to normally yieldingly hold the toggle 35-37 against adjustment means 39 in under-center locked firing position of the gun.
The toggle 35-37 is tripped from under-center locked position by gas pressure from the gun barrel when the gun is fired. It should be noted that rear link 37 is larger than front link 35 and that pin 48 pivotally connects push rod 45 to link 37. This linkage configuration makes it possible for the under-center toggle mechanism to readily collapse into the interior of handle 11 of the gun, thereby aiding in transferring the residual force of the explosion of the shell to the palm of the hand, virtually eliminating all noticeable recoil.
The adjustment locating means 39 comprises an adjustment screw which makes it possible to hold toggle 35-37 in one of a number of under-center toggle positions and to hold that position until gas pressure from the firing of the gun causes the toggle to recede into the handle. In order to provide a desired hesitation in the receding of the toggle into the handle of the gun, a pair of spring-biased fingers 50 and 51, shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, are provided. These fingers are resilient in nature so that upon the application of a given force the toggle link 37 will overcome the bias of the fingers and force them back against their spring-biasing means 52 and 53 (as shown) and recede into handle 11. When the toggle is returning to its full position shown in FIG. 2 from its broken position in handle 11, the bias of spring 44 will be enough to overcome the bias of spring 52 and 53 of fingers 50 and 51, respectively. Thus, the spring-biased fingers 50 and 51 together with the under-center toggle provide the desired hesitation before collapse of the toggle to provide a smooth, shock-absorbing action of the force of the exploding bullet.
Although the figures of the drawing illustrate the under-center toggle operating together with the adjustable locating abutment means 39 and the spring-biased fingers 50 and 51, it should be noted that the under-center toggle may be made to assume a given under-center position each time without the need of the abutment means 39 and the fingers 50 and 51.
As shown in the drawings, a compression spring 61 is arranged between a shoulder 62, formed around a bore 63 defined in a protruding lug 64 of bolt 29, and a ridge 62a formed in a bore 65 defined by frame 10 and clamp 20. Lug 64 is shown as being integral with bolt 29.
At the time bullet 28 is fired and leaves the barrel 15 and is on its way to its target residual pressure existing in a chamber 58 will drive bolt 29 backwards with sufficient force to complete the travel of the toggle mechanism 35-37 sufficiently to move the center pin 36 and force it to complete its downward travel along the arcuate path 59 to its lowest point 60 down inside the handle 11 of the gun against the bias of compressing spring 44.
The inertia of the bolt 29 continues rearwardly, compressing the recoil compression spring 61 until the end of the lug 64 engages a stop surface 67 of the frame 10. The bolt 29 and toggle 35-37 are returned to their original positions by the stored-up energy in the two springs 44 and 61. This completes the firing cycle and prepares the gun for the second firing, having picked up an additional bullet 28 from the clip magazine and placed it in the chamber when the bolt returned to its original position by well known conventional mechanism.
In order to trip the toggle 35-37 to load the first bullet into the gun, a manual lever 70 is provided on the gun which, when rotated by the operated clockwise against the action of spring 71, contacts the under-center toggle 35-37, causing it to trip far enough to allow the operator to move the bolt 29 back sufficiently to allow a bullet 28 from the clip magazine 14 to enter the chamber of the gun for the first firing action. Upon collapse of the toggle, bolt 29 is moved rearwardly by the operator pulling on rod 72.
Although but one embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is particularly directed to toggle action weapons such as pistols wherein the toggle is tripped from an under-center locked position by gas pressure from the gun barrel when the gun is fired. The toggle, after a predetermined hesitation, is caused to recede into the handle of the pistol to offset the effects of firing recoil.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, the majority of all toggle actuated weapons of this class have been recoil operated, thus lending their complexity to a degree of inefficiency that was not acceptable to the public or to the military market. Further, all prior small hand-held weapons, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns have been limited to the use of small, low energy pistol ammunition, and were limited as to size, weight, chamber pressure and velocity of the projectile.
In accordance with the invention claimed, a new and improved toggle action weapon is provided which utilizes the gun barrel pressure directly to drive an under-center toggle having toggle links of given sizes interconnected with the bolt and frame of the gun in a predetermined manner from its locked position to a tripped position. At the time this happens, the bullet has left the barrel of the gun and the residual pressure in the gun after a predetermined hesitation actuates the toggle to its fully retracted position in the handle of the weapon. Recoil springs in the gun return the toggle to a predetermined under-center position which accomplishes the function of a locked over-center position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention claimed, an improved under-center toggle action gun is provided which employs toggle links of two different sizes connected in the gun in a predetermined manner.
It is, therefore, one object of this invention to provide an improved weapon in which gas pressure generated in a gun barrel is utilized directly to trip an under-center toggle, causing it to recede to a retracted position.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved weapon having a predetermined hesitation before being tripped to cause it to recede to a retracted position.
A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved toggle actuated weapon employing a toggle linkage having links of predetermined lengths connected in a predetermined manner in the weapon to assume various under-center locked positions of the toggle, thereby enabling the weapon to fire rifle cartridges with safety.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a weapon with a toggle design such that there is only one point of contact in the moving parts going rearward and one point of contact in the moving parts returning to their original position, so as to make the operation of the gun completely silent.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a weapon having an under-center toggle tripped by pressure generated in the gun barrel which controls the breech pressure at the time of opening so as to eliminate or greatly reduce residual pressure at the time the breech opens.
A still further object of this invention is to provide an adjustably positioned under-center toggle for a weapon that employs a predetermined hesitation before being tripped and is dynamically balanced so as to accomplish a smooth, consistent, and continuous pressure throughout the movement of the bolt after tripping in which the line of force from the moving parts is directed to the palm of the hand, thereby virtually eliminating all noticeable recoil.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of novelty which characterize this invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention may be more readily described by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a right hand side elevation of a gas operated toggle action weapon incorporating the features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing a gas operated toggle action weapon incorporating the features of this invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the weapon shown in FIG. 2 taken along the line 4--4;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 5--5 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1-6 illustrate an example of one embodiment of this invention. For more details of the gun illustrated, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,630,119 issued Dec. 28, 1971, entitled GAS OPERATED TOGGLE FOR GUN, by the same inventor of this application. More particularly, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a pistol having a frame 10, handle 11, trigger 12 with trigger guard 13, and a bullet magazine 14. A demountable, adjustably positioned barrel 15 has a rear end diameter portion 16 which is received in the semi-circular bore 18 and groove 19 in the front end of frame 10. An elongated clamp 20 is pivotally mounted on a suitable hinge screw 21 secured in frame 10 so that clamp 20 can swing outwardly as shown in FIG. 3 to the broken line position 20a. The outer end of clamp 20 is provided with a mating semi-circular bore and groove to match bore 18 and groove 19 to grip the diameter portion 16 to secure the gun barrel 15 in firing position on frame 10. In order to adjustably position gun barrel 16 longitudinally of its longitudinal axis, the rear end portion 16 of the gun barrel 15 is provided with a radially disposed flange or dogs 17 which are threaded around the gun barrel. The outer end of clamp 20 is also provided with a mating groove 21 for receiving flange 17. The surface of barrel 15 adjacent the outer end of clamp 20 is provided with a plurality of serrations 22 extending longitudinally of the barrel to form a ratchet-type wheel arrangement around the barrel. A pawl 23 is mounted in clamp 20 adjacent the serrations 22 so as to engage the serrations to control the longitudinal movement of the gun barrel in either direction. The clamp is secured in closed position by suitable screws 25 in frame 10.
The bullet magazine 14 is demountably secured by the usual releasable latch in a guide sleeve 27 of frame 10 to feed bullets 28 into insertion and firing position by the usual bolt 29 which moves on guide keys 30 in appropriate guide slots 31 and 32 in frame 10 and clamp 20 longitudinally of breech opening 33 of the rear end of barrel 15. The rear end of bolt 29 is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 34 carried in the front end of a front link 35, the rear end of which is pivotally connected by a pivot pin 36 to the front end of a rear link 37, in turn pivotally connected by a pivot pin 38 carried in the rear portion of frame 10 to thus provide a toggle 35-37 for controlling the movement of bolt 29.
Normally, when bullet 28 has been loaded in the barrel in firing position, the toggle 35-37 is aligned, as shown in full line in FIG. 1, with the top surface 37a up against an adjustable locating abutment means 39 threadedly mounted in frame 10, at which time the axis 40 of pin 36 is slightly below a line between axes 41 and 42 of pins 34 and 38 so that toggle 35-37 is in an under-center locked position as shown in full line in FIG. 1. A compression spring 44 is carried on a push rod 45 slidingly supported in a clearance hole 46 in a baffle 47 in handle 11 and pivotally connected by a pin 48 to the link 37, the compression spring 44 operating between a baffle 47 and a flange 49 of the push rod 45 to normally yieldingly hold the toggle 35-37 against adjustment means 39 in under-center locked firing position of the gun.
The toggle 35-37 is tripped from under-center locked position by gas pressure from the gun barrel when the gun is fired. It should be noted that rear link 37 is larger than front link 35 and that pin 48 pivotally connects push rod 45 to link 37. This linkage configuration makes it possible for the under-center toggle mechanism to readily collapse into the interior of handle 11 of the gun, thereby aiding in transferring the residual force of the explosion of the shell to the palm of the hand, virtually eliminating all noticeable recoil.
The adjustment locating means 39 comprises an adjustment screw which makes it possible to hold toggle 35-37 in one of a number of under-center toggle positions and to hold that position until gas pressure from the firing of the gun causes the toggle to recede into the handle. In order to provide a desired hesitation in the receding of the toggle into the handle of the gun, a pair of spring-biased fingers 50 and 51, shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, are provided. These fingers are resilient in nature so that upon the application of a given force the toggle link 37 will overcome the bias of the fingers and force them back against their spring-biasing means 52 and 53 (as shown) and recede into handle 11. When the toggle is returning to its full position shown in FIG. 2 from its broken position in handle 11, the bias of spring 44 will be enough to overcome the bias of spring 52 and 53 of fingers 50 and 51, respectively. Thus, the spring-biased fingers 50 and 51 together with the under-center toggle provide the desired hesitation before collapse of the toggle to provide a smooth, shock-absorbing action of the force of the exploding bullet.
Although the figures of the drawing illustrate the under-center toggle operating together with the adjustable locating abutment means 39 and the spring-biased fingers 50 and 51, it should be noted that the under-center toggle may be made to assume a given under-center position each time without the need of the abutment means 39 and the fingers 50 and 51.
As shown in the drawings, a compression spring 61 is arranged between a shoulder 62, formed around a bore 63 defined in a protruding lug 64 of bolt 29, and a ridge 62a formed in a bore 65 defined by frame 10 and clamp 20. Lug 64 is shown as being integral with bolt 29.
At the time bullet 28 is fired and leaves the barrel 15 and is on its way to its target residual pressure existing in a chamber 58 will drive bolt 29 backwards with sufficient force to complete the travel of the toggle mechanism 35-37 sufficiently to move the center pin 36 and force it to complete its downward travel along the arcuate path 59 to its lowest point 60 down inside the handle 11 of the gun against the bias of compressing spring 44.
The inertia of the bolt 29 continues rearwardly, compressing the recoil compression spring 61 until the end of the lug 64 engages a stop surface 67 of the frame 10. The bolt 29 and toggle 35-37 are returned to their original positions by the stored-up energy in the two springs 44 and 61. This completes the firing cycle and prepares the gun for the second firing, having picked up an additional bullet 28 from the clip magazine and placed it in the chamber when the bolt returned to its original position by well known conventional mechanism.
In order to trip the toggle 35-37 to load the first bullet into the gun, a manual lever 70 is provided on the gun which, when rotated by the operated clockwise against the action of spring 71, contacts the under-center toggle 35-37, causing it to trip far enough to allow the operator to move the bolt 29 back sufficiently to allow a bullet 28 from the clip magazine 14 to enter the chamber of the gun for the first firing action. Upon collapse of the toggle, bolt 29 is moved rearwardly by the operator pulling on rod 72.
Although but one embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.