METHOD OF CONNECTING ALUMINUM WIRE TO ELECTRICAL TERMINALS
United States Patent 3717842
A method of connecting conventional electrical terminals having at least non-aluminum portions, such as nickel-plated steel, to solid or stranded aluminum wire so that aluminum oxide on the surfaces of the strands does not prevent a satisfactory electrical contact. Such conventional terminals have a channel portion with extending tabs so that the wire can be placed in the open channel and the tabs crimped to close the channel and hold the wire in electrical connection with the terminal. According to this invention, after the aluminum wire is held by crimping, the solid or stranded wire is then ultrasonically welded to the channel portion to remove the oxide already on the aluminum wire and preclude any further build-up of aluminum oxide.
US Patent References:
Apparatus for forming terminals and attaching same to wires
Hipple - July 1954 - 2684423
Method of attaching conductors to terminals
Pennings - July 1967 - 3328875
Aluminum ferrule-copper tongue terminal and method of making
Redslob - September 1957 - 2806215
Electric terminal
Martines - September 1958 - 2852755
ULTRASONIC WELDER FOR THIN WIRES
Metzger, Jr. - August 1969 - 3459355
Apparatus for forming terminals and attaching same to wires
Hipple - July 1954 - 2684423
Method of attaching conductors to terminals
Pennings - July 1967 - 3328875
Aluminum ferrule-copper tongue terminal and method of making
Redslob - September 1957 - 2806215
Electric terminal
Martines - September 1958 - 2852755
ULTRASONIC WELDER FOR THIN WIRES
Metzger, Jr. - August 1969 - 3459355
Application Number:
05/119309
Publication Date:
02/20/1973
Filing Date:
02/26/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Perfection Electrical Products, Inc. (Nashville, TN)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
156/73.100, 174/90, 174/84R, 228/1.100
International Classes:
H01R4/18; H01R4/62; H01R43/02; H01R4/10; H01R4/58; H01R5/04; H01R5/08
Field of Search:
339/275,276,278 174/84R,90 228/1
Primary Examiner:
Mcglynn, Joseph H.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A method of connecting aluminum wire to a non-aluminum unitary electrical terminal of the type having a channel portion with a relatively unbroken internal surface for receiving one or more conductor wires without portions of the terminal extending into said wire and tabs forming part of said channel portion comprising the steps of:
1. A method of connecting aluminum wire to a non-aluminum unitary electrical terminal of the type having a channel portion with a relatively unbroken internal surface for receiving one or more conductor wires without portions of the terminal extending into said wire and tabs forming part of said channel portion comprising the steps of:
Description:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of connecting conventional electrical terminals having at least non-aluminum portions to solid or stranded aluminum wire.
Aluminum wire has been used for many years in certain limited applications. Recently new alloys such as triple E aluminum made by the Southwire Corporation have been developed which retain many of the desirable characteristics of aluminum wire and at the same time have other physical qualities which are much superior to conventional EC grade aluminum and which make such wire acceptable for general use in housing, vehicles, appliances, etc.
One terminal which has been used widely for many years for copper wires has a channel portion into which the copper wire can be placed and tabs which can be crimped to close the channel portion and hold the wire firmly in electrical connection with the channel portion. These terminals have conventionally been made of such materials, brass, tin-plated or silver-plated brass, cadmium-plated or nickel-plated steel, bronze and phosphorus bronze. Because of their widespread use, manufacturers of these types of terminals have very large investments in equipment to apply these terminals to wire and for producing these terminals cheaply and on a large scale.
Unfortunately, this conventional method of connecting strands of wire or solid wire to these types of terminals is not satisfactory for aluminum or aluminum alloy wires because aluminum oxide tends to build up on the surface of the aluminum before and after crimping and acts as an insulator rather than a conductor. In order to overcome this problem, special terminals have been developed. In one terminal a plurality of sharp prongs or pyramids are formed on the interior of the channel so that, when the tabs are crimped to hold the strands in place, these prongs or pyramids penetrate through the oxide on the wire and into the aluminum below to provide a good electrical connection. While satisfactory as terminals, new and expensive machines must be developed to produce the special terminals required for aluminum wire and to apply them to the aluminum wire.
The present invention relates to a method whereby coventional terminals can be used for aluminum wire, thus obviating the necessity for new and expensive tooling and other equipment to both produce and apply the terminals to the wire. This is accomplished as discussed below by ultrasonically welding the solid aluminum or strands to the closed channel portion after the wire has been placed in the channel and conventionally crimped. Ultrasonic welding has been employed in the past for welding aluminum wire as discussed, for example, in Haigler U.S. Pat. No. 3,314,582.
Such terminals may be nickel-plated steel or other conventional material. Alternatively, an aluminum alloy terminal having a non-aluminum coating, such as nickel, may be employed. An aluminum terminal with a non-aluminum coating may be particularly satisfactory because no galvanic action can occur between the aluminum portion of the terminal which contacts the aluminum wire and the wire. Further, welding between the aluminum portion of the terminal and the wire may be more satisfactory than welding the aluminum wire to a non-aluminum terminal portion.
Many other objects and purposes of the invention will be clear from the following detailed description of the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional terminal with an open channel and an aluminum wire to be placed in the channel portion.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the terminal of FIG. 1 with the aluminum wire crimped in and ultrasonically welded to the channel portion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a non-aluminum terminal 20, for example, nickel-plated steel, and an aluminum or aluminum alloy wire 22 which may comprise a plurality of strands as shown which are about to be placed in the open channel portion 24 of terminal 20 or alternately a solid wire. While nickel-plated steel may be unsatisfactory for other reasons, it can be successfully welded to the aluminum wire. Galvanic reaction may be a problem for many terminal materials. As mentioned above, an aluminum terminal with a non-aluminum coating may also be employed. As shown, the interior of channel portion 24 is substantially smooth. Terminal 20 also includes portions 26 which attach terminal 20 to a further electrical contact or wire and portions 26 may be of any desired configuration. Any number of wires can be connected to a single terminal and two wires are frequently so connected.
Channel portion 24 includes two tabs 30 and 32 which extend along the open side of portion 24 which receives a wire. To attach an aluminum wire to terminal 20, the wire is first placed in channel 24 and then the tabs 30 and 32 are conventionally bent or crimped down on the wire 34 to the position shown in FIG. 2 to hold the wire in channel portion 24. If nothing further is done, the aluminum oxide already on the surfaces of the strands of aluminum or solid wire 34 and that which accumulates thereafter will electrically insulate the terminal from the wire and provide an unsatisfactory connection.
However, after wire 34 is crimped in the channel portion 24, according to this invention the aluminum wire 34 is ultrasonically welded to the non-aluminum channel portion 24, and this connection, it has been found, provides a continuing electrical connection which is satisfactory. This welding tends to break down the oxide on the wire and prevent formation of further oxide between the terminal and wire. Any conventional ultrasonic welding apparatus and/or method can be employed.
Many changes and modifications in the above embodiment of this invention can, of course, be made without departing from the scope of the invention and accordingly that scope is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
The invention relates to a method of connecting conventional electrical terminals having at least non-aluminum portions to solid or stranded aluminum wire.
Aluminum wire has been used for many years in certain limited applications. Recently new alloys such as triple E aluminum made by the Southwire Corporation have been developed which retain many of the desirable characteristics of aluminum wire and at the same time have other physical qualities which are much superior to conventional EC grade aluminum and which make such wire acceptable for general use in housing, vehicles, appliances, etc.
One terminal which has been used widely for many years for copper wires has a channel portion into which the copper wire can be placed and tabs which can be crimped to close the channel portion and hold the wire firmly in electrical connection with the channel portion. These terminals have conventionally been made of such materials, brass, tin-plated or silver-plated brass, cadmium-plated or nickel-plated steel, bronze and phosphorus bronze. Because of their widespread use, manufacturers of these types of terminals have very large investments in equipment to apply these terminals to wire and for producing these terminals cheaply and on a large scale.
Unfortunately, this conventional method of connecting strands of wire or solid wire to these types of terminals is not satisfactory for aluminum or aluminum alloy wires because aluminum oxide tends to build up on the surface of the aluminum before and after crimping and acts as an insulator rather than a conductor. In order to overcome this problem, special terminals have been developed. In one terminal a plurality of sharp prongs or pyramids are formed on the interior of the channel so that, when the tabs are crimped to hold the strands in place, these prongs or pyramids penetrate through the oxide on the wire and into the aluminum below to provide a good electrical connection. While satisfactory as terminals, new and expensive machines must be developed to produce the special terminals required for aluminum wire and to apply them to the aluminum wire.
The present invention relates to a method whereby coventional terminals can be used for aluminum wire, thus obviating the necessity for new and expensive tooling and other equipment to both produce and apply the terminals to the wire. This is accomplished as discussed below by ultrasonically welding the solid aluminum or strands to the closed channel portion after the wire has been placed in the channel and conventionally crimped. Ultrasonic welding has been employed in the past for welding aluminum wire as discussed, for example, in Haigler U.S. Pat. No. 3,314,582.
Such terminals may be nickel-plated steel or other conventional material. Alternatively, an aluminum alloy terminal having a non-aluminum coating, such as nickel, may be employed. An aluminum terminal with a non-aluminum coating may be particularly satisfactory because no galvanic action can occur between the aluminum portion of the terminal which contacts the aluminum wire and the wire. Further, welding between the aluminum portion of the terminal and the wire may be more satisfactory than welding the aluminum wire to a non-aluminum terminal portion.
Many other objects and purposes of the invention will be clear from the following detailed description of the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional terminal with an open channel and an aluminum wire to be placed in the channel portion.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the terminal of FIG. 1 with the aluminum wire crimped in and ultrasonically welded to the channel portion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a non-aluminum terminal 20, for example, nickel-plated steel, and an aluminum or aluminum alloy wire 22 which may comprise a plurality of strands as shown which are about to be placed in the open channel portion 24 of terminal 20 or alternately a solid wire. While nickel-plated steel may be unsatisfactory for other reasons, it can be successfully welded to the aluminum wire. Galvanic reaction may be a problem for many terminal materials. As mentioned above, an aluminum terminal with a non-aluminum coating may also be employed. As shown, the interior of channel portion 24 is substantially smooth. Terminal 20 also includes portions 26 which attach terminal 20 to a further electrical contact or wire and portions 26 may be of any desired configuration. Any number of wires can be connected to a single terminal and two wires are frequently so connected.
Channel portion 24 includes two tabs 30 and 32 which extend along the open side of portion 24 which receives a wire. To attach an aluminum wire to terminal 20, the wire is first placed in channel 24 and then the tabs 30 and 32 are conventionally bent or crimped down on the wire 34 to the position shown in FIG. 2 to hold the wire in channel portion 24. If nothing further is done, the aluminum oxide already on the surfaces of the strands of aluminum or solid wire 34 and that which accumulates thereafter will electrically insulate the terminal from the wire and provide an unsatisfactory connection.
However, after wire 34 is crimped in the channel portion 24, according to this invention the aluminum wire 34 is ultrasonically welded to the non-aluminum channel portion 24, and this connection, it has been found, provides a continuing electrical connection which is satisfactory. This welding tends to break down the oxide on the wire and prevent formation of further oxide between the terminal and wire. Any conventional ultrasonic welding apparatus and/or method can be employed.
Many changes and modifications in the above embodiment of this invention can, of course, be made without departing from the scope of the invention and accordingly that scope is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.