05/186360

10/10/1972

10/04/1971

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84/655

84/660, 84/669, 984/332, 984/338

G10H1/18; G10H1/20; G10H1/00

84/1.01,1.03,1.24,1.26

Myers, Lewis

Weldon U.

I claim

1. In an electronic musical instrument having keys selectively activable to cause the production of sounds corresponding to respective notes on the musical scale, the combination comprising:

2. The musical instrument according to claim 1 and further comprising:

3. The musical instrument according to claim 1 and further comprising:

4. The musical instrument according to claim 3 and further comprising:

5. The musical instrument according to claim 4 and further comprising:

6. The musical instrument according to claim 3 and further comprising:

7. The musical instrument according to claim 6 and further comprising a summing means for receiving as an input the signal from said second pitch keyboard means; and

8. The musical instrument according to claim 7 wherein each of said pitch keyboard means is comprised of an intramanual shift register having a plurality of stages for receiving the output signal from said keyboard means and having an intramanual keyboard comprised of a number of keys which keys are connected to desired stages of said shift register, whereby activation of said keys passes to said comparing means the pulses stored in the corresponding stage of said intramanual shift register.

9. The musical instrument according to claim 8 and further comprising:

10. The musical instrument according to claim 9 wherein said intermanual couplers are comprised of an intermanual shift register having a plurality of stages; and

11. The musical instrument according to claim 4 and further comprising:

12. The musical instrument according to claim 11 wherein each of said pitch keyboard means is comprised of an intramanual shift register having an intramanual keyboard comprised of a number of keys which keys are connected to desired stages of said shift register, whereby activation of said keys passes to said second comparing means the pulses stored in the corresponding stage of said intramanual shift register.

13. The musical instrument according to claim 11 and further comprising:

14. The musical instrument according to claim 8 and further comprising:

15. The musical instrument according to claim 8 and further comprising:

16. In an electronic musical instrument having a keyboard with a number of selectively actuable keys for causing the production of sounds corresponding to respective notes of the musical scale, the combination comprising:

17. The musical instrument according to claim 16 wherein there is provided a plurality of keyboard means and a corresponding plurality of comparing means with the output of each keyboard means being coupled to the other keyboard means such that a key activated on one keyboard will sound a selective note in said tone generating means as if the note were played on said other keyboard means.

18. The musical instrument according to claim 17 and further comprising:

19. The musical instrument according to claim 18 wherein said intramanual coupler means is comprised of:

20. The musical instrument according to claim 17 and further comprising:

21. The musical instrument according to claim 17 and further comprising:

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

The invention is directed to a system for unifying and coupling the keyboards of a musical instrument, which system eliminates the large amount of conventional cabling and multicontact keys. The invention is further directed toward an economical and reliable solution to a construction problem in the design of electronic and pipe organs. With prior solutions, the general directives were to obtain increased capability. Except for very early instruments, the subsystems that have been in use are substantially identical in operation and require no special training on the part of the organist. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with pitch generation and the couplers which accomplish this generation. In the musical world, a set of couplers is a subsystem designed to obtain multiple usage from a rank of pipes. One of the simpler examples of a coupler is that of the unison pitch intermanual coupler. This is the organist's term denoting that the pitch of each note corresponds to the nominal pitch of the keys on the keyboard. For example, with the organist playing on the Great manual, to obtain the particular sound desired, the organist wishes to draw upon the pipes that are assigned to the Swell manual, which is done by causing the Swell pipes to sound from the Great manual by activating the Swell-to-Great intermanual coupler. With this coupler actuated, the action is equivalent to keying each Swell key as each of the corresponding Great keys are depressed. Older organs accomplished this type of coupling by using a subsystem of levers so that the Swell keys were mechanically depressed at the same time that a Great key was depressed. The present invention accomplishes this electronically.

Another frequent use of couplers is to get multiple use of a rank of pipes while playing on the same keyboard to which the rank of pipes is assigned. An example of this type of coupler is the intramanual coupler.

For an illustration, suppose that the organist is playing on the Swell manual and actuates the "Swell-to-Swell 4'" coupler. Now each note he plays will automatically sound at the 8' pitch (unison) and will also sound at the 4' pitch (an octave higher). It is also common to have intramanual couplers at other pitches. Thus, a "Swell-to-Swell 16'" will cause the unison note to be played as well as the note an octave lower in pitch.

The use of couplers to add new pitches can also be extended to intermanual couplers. Thus, a "Swell-to-Great 4'" will cause the Great keys to actuate all the stops drawn on the Swell manual but will have these coupled stops sound an octave higher than the unison pitch. Similarly, a "Swell-to-Great 16'" will cause the Great keys to actuate the Swell stops at an octave below unison pitch.

Another use of couplers is to "unify" the various voices of an organ. Unified organs were first extensively used in theatre pipe organs as a method of getting a lot of mileage from each rank of pipes. Although the average theatre organ had only about 8 ranks of pipes, the consoles contained approximately 50 stops. There was a period of pipe organ construction in this country during which church organ builders also succumbed to unification; partly from mistaken ideas on tonal quality and partly because unification provides a very large number of stops which leads to an impressive console. Unification is used almost universally and extensively in the design of electronic organs. Unification is a form of manual coupler but is restricted to a single voice. For example, suppose that the organ has a rank of flute tones at the 8' or unison pitch. To obtain a 4' flute from this same rank, the organ keyboard is wired so that when the 4' stop is actuated, each key operates a pipe which is an octave higher than unison pitch. Similarly a 16' flute is obtained by unifying so that the keyboard operates a pipe which is an octave lower than the unison pitch that is keyed.

There have been many systems proposed and implemented for unification. Conventional unification schemes use a system of multiple contacts associated with each key on the keyboards. In some cases these multiple contacts have been removed from the immediate vicinity of the keyboard by employing such contact multiplying devices as multicontact electrical relays or, for example, keying diodes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the system is comprised of a means for stepping a pulse into a plurality of time slots in a cyclic manner. A plurality of keying means are provided with the number of keying means corresponding in number to the number of slots for gating a pulse into a time slot of a time division multiplex signal, with each time slot corresponding to one particular key, and each key corresponding to a particular note, such that the time slot position of the pulse corresponds to a particular note. Pitch means are provided for receiving the time division multiplex signal and for shifting the time slot position of selected pulses to a desired time slot location so as to simulate a note other than the one played. Comparing means are used to correlate the location of the pulse in the time division multiplex signal to a corresponding organ note.

In another embodiment of the invention, two or more identical systems are provided, one for each keyboard. The output from one pitch means is connectable to the output of a second pitch means to allow the organist to play a key on one keyboard and have it sound as if played on another keyboard.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved multiplexed pitch generator.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a pitch generator which is capable of intermanual and intramanual coupling.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a system for coupling keyboards of a musical instrument.

It is a further object of the present invention to allow the playing of a key on a musical instrument and having a note sound other than the one normally associated with the key.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a system for intercoupling of keyboards.

These and other objects of the present invention will be better understood when taken in conjunction with the following description and drawings in which like characters indicate like parts and which drawings form a part of this application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates, in electronic block diagram form, one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates, in electronic block diagram form, a second embodiment of the present invention for use in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates, in electronic block diagram form, an intramanual coupler which may be used with the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates, in electronic block diagram form, couplers which may be used with the embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 illustrates a one octave mixture generator for use with the system.

FIG. 6 illustrates a multi-octave mixture generator for use with the system.

FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of a multi-octave mixture generator.

FIGS. 8a to 8f illustrate waveforms used in gating the multi-octave mixture generator of FIG. 7.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The circuits illustrated in FIG. 1 comprise the circuits necessary for one multiplexed keyboard. If two or more keyboards are used, the circuits of FIG. 1 will be duplicated for each keyboard. The multiplexed keyboard circuit is comprised of a basic clock generator 10 which feeds pulses at a fixed repetitious rate to a pulse frequency divider 11. The output of pulse frequency divider 11 is fed to a pulse locator means 13 which is comprised of shift register 14 and a corresponding number of keys 15. The output pulse from pulse frequency divider 11 controls the rate of shifting between stages of the shift register. These pulses are also fed to a frequency divider 12. Frequency divider 12 supplies a locator pulse once each multiplex period to the input shift register 14. The locator pulse is stepped through each of the shift register stages at a rate corresponding to the pulse rate of the pulses from frequency divider 11. The pulse frequency divider 11 operates to divide the basic clock frequency from clock 10 such that 97 times slots, corresponding to the 97 notes for a full keyboard (4' and 2' pitches added), can be scanned in T seconds, with T seconds corresponding to the multiplex period. Therefore, once every T seconds frequency divider 12 provides a locator pulse. The multiplex period, T, for good performance, should be in the range of 2 to 5 milliseconds. As previously stated, the second frequency divider 12 is set to establish a pulse for the input to the shift register 14 once each multiplex period which pulse travels from one stage of the shift register to another stage until it finally reaches the last stage at the end of one multiplex period (cycle). The normal open keys 15, which correspond to notes, connect one associated shift register stage to the output terminal 16 when depressed (closed). Therefore, the output signal appearing at terminal 16 can be viewed in terms of a repeating picture having 97 individual time slots, with the occurrence of a locator pulse in a particular time slot providing an indication that the key associated with that particular time slot is being depressed. The actual pulse location can be determined through coincidence, that is, the occurrence of a pulse in a particular time slot is compared against a pulse positioned in a known time slot and when the two coincide, the particular note associated with that pulse position is sounded by the keyboard instrument. The coincidence comparing circuit used with the present invention consists of a shift register 18 which is identical in construction to shift register 14. The shift register 18 steps the locator pulses from pulse frequency divider 12 through its stages at a rate controlled by the output pulses from pulse frequency divider 11 in phase with the operation of shift register 14. The shift register 18, in an identical manner as shift register 14, operates to provide locator pulses which are stepped sequentially through each of its stages, with each stage corresponding to one time slot in a total time frame of at least 97. In practice, about 128 time slots would be used with only 97 latching circuits so that a pulse delayed 48 positions from the top key on the manual (time slot 61) will fall in an empty latching slot and not fall into a slot assigned to the low end of the keyboard. For example, in 97 units of time, one locator pulse will appear sequentially at the output of each stage. The time slot position of the locator pulse in shift register 14 will therefore correspond exactly to the locator pulse time slot position in shift register 18 because the two registers are in phase. A plurality of latching means 20, at least one for each stage of shift register 18, senses the presence of a locator pulse when it appears at the output of its associated register stage. The existence or non-existence of a locator pulse at the particular shift register stage output is compared against the existence or non-existence of a locator pulse on a latching line 17. When coincidence of pulses occurs, the latching means 20 activates a corresponding voice in the keyboard instrument. When one of the two locator pulses do not appear simultaneously, the associated voice is not sounded.

To accomplish the above electronically, each latching means 20 is comprised of one AND gate "A", one NOT gate "N", and a flip-flop 19. Each output stage of shift register 18 is connected to one input of a respective AND gate "A" and the NOT impulse of a NOT gate "N". The AND gate output is connected to the set terminal of flip-flop 19 with the output of the NOT gate connected to the reset terminal of flip-flop 19. For each pitch to be keyed on the main keyboard, there is a corresponding flip-flop 19 along with one AND gate "A" and one NOT gate "N". The output from the flip-flop may be connected to a standard music voicer circuit 40 for converting the signal corresponding to a depressed key into an audible note by means of a speaker 50. Also connected as independent inputs to an input of the AND gate "A" and the NOT gate "N" is the signal from pulse frequency divider 11. In operation, the pulses received on line 17, which pulses will be called latching pulses, are fed as inputs to the AND gate and to the NOT gates. A coupler line 21 feeds locator pulses to inputs of the AND gates and the NOT gates.

In operation, if no key 15 is depressed, then there will be no locator pulses on the coupler line 21. With this condition, each of the AND gates contain in successive time slots an ON state from the latching pulse on line 17 and an OFF state from the coupler line. Because the coupler line is connected to a NOT input, each NOT gate will, in turn, provide a pulse to its associated reset terminal of its flip-flop. Thus, if no key is depressed, all the flip-flops 19 are, in turn, placed in their OFF states. When a key is depressed, a locator pulse will appear on coupler line 21. When the locator pulse on coupler line 21 occurs simultaneously with an output pulse from a stage of shift register 18 along with a latching pulse on line 17, the particular NOT gate will not provide a pulse to the reset terminal. But the AND gate will have pulses on all its inputs, therefore, a pulse will be passed on to the flip-flops set terminal to place the flip-flop in its ON state.

Inserted between terminals 16 and 22 is a multiplexed pitch generator 25 which functions to selectively reposition the locator pulses from terminal 16 into newly selected timing slots. The new slot positions correspond to the generation of a new coupled note. In this particular embodiment, it has been assumed that the first 12 pulse locations in the keyboard multiplexed sequence correspond to octave 1. This octave cannot actually be played from a standard keyboard because it is an octave below the bottom octave of the keyboard. The reason for allowing for these additional time slots is to allow for 16' pitch generation and a 16' coupler. The multiplexed pitch generator 25 is comprised of a shift register 31 having at least 48 stages. Outputs are not taken from every stage, but are taken from the stages corresponding to the numbers contained within the shift register 31, namely, 12, 16, 19, 24, 31, 36, 40, 43 and 48. Stops (keys) 32 connect the output of the selected stages to the input of a summing circuit 24 when actuated. For example, if the stop corresponding to 8' is closed, the output from the 12th delay stage of shift register 31 is fed to the input of summing means 24. An additional stop (key) 23, corresponding to the 16' pitch is fed to another input of summing means 24 such that when stop 23 is closed, the output locator pulses from terminal 16 are fed directly to terminal 22 at the output of the pitch generator, thereby bypassing entirely the multiplex pitch generator 25. Again, the numerals appearing for each stage of the shift register correspond to the time slot delays introduced by the shift register preceding the particular output point. All of these delays are measured from the input to the shift register. For example, if the 8' tap switch is closed, a pulse will appear on the output for each note keyed on the manual. If, for example, the 22/3 ' tap switch is also closed, then a pulse will appear for the 8' keyed note and a companion pulse will also appear for the 22/3 ' keyed note. In this fashion, the described subsystem which will be called a unification subsystem, can generate the 10 most used pitches for a unified organ. The system thus far shown is complete for one keyboard.

In FIG. 2, there is shown an intermanual unison coupler system for three keyboards which system is comprised of three identical systems as shown in FIG. 1 except that there is no need to duplicate the basic clock 10, pulse frequency divider 11, and frequency divider 12 because these units can service all three systems. The outputs at points D and E are, therefore, fed to the corresponding points in the other keyboard circuits to eliminate duplication of the clock and frequency dividers. Cross-coupling is accomplished as shown by the use of switches 37, 38 and 39. For the unison couplers there is utilized three identical multiplexed pitch generators 25, 41 and 42, with the output of pitch generator 25 being connectable by means of switches 37 or 38 to an input of summer 43 or 46, respectively. The other input of summer 44 is connected to the output of pitch generator 41. The output of pitch generator 42 is connected to one input of summer 44. The other input of summer 44 is connectable by switch 39 to the output of summer 43. In turn, the output of summer 44 is connected to the other input of summer 46. In operation, if, for example, switch 37 is closed, the output from keyboard 1 is fed to the comparing means 45 of keyboard 1, but, in addition, is also fed to and added to the output from keyboard 2, which output is used to activate the comparing means 47 associated with keyboard 2. The operation is the same for switch 38 in that it couples the output of keyboard 1 to the output of pitch generator 42 which, in turn, feeds the comparing means 48 of keyboard 3. Switch 39, in a similar manner, feeds the output of pitch generator 41 to the comparing means 48 associated with keyboard 3. The outputs of comparing means 47 and 48 are connected to the tone generating system 40. In some applications it may be desirable to have three separate tone generating systems, each activated by an individual keyboard.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an intramanual coupler 51 is shown connected between the output of multiplexed pitch generator 25 and terminal 22. The intramanual coupler 51 is comprised of a shift register 52 which is identical in construction to shift register 31, with switches 53 connectable to the outputs of the 12th, 24th and 36th time slots (output stages). These outputs correspond to the 16', 8' and 4' pitches, respectively. Each of the three switches are connected directly to the output terminal 22. With the multiplexed pitch generator 25 preceding the intramanual coupler, it is necessary, in order to permit a 16' intramanual coupler operation, that the keyboard be multiplexed at a 32' frequency, or two octaves below unison pitch. The reason for this is that the multiplexed pitch generator requires an octave leeway to generate a 16' unified pitch while the intramanual coupler requires an additional octave leeway to allow for a 16' intramanual coupler.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an intercoupler is shown which utilizes the system of FIG. 2. The system of FIG. 2 is modified by the insertion of intermanual nonunison couplers 60, 61 and 62 at the outputs of the multiplexed pitch generators 25, 41 and 42. The intermanual unison-nonunison coupler 60 is shown comprised of a shift register 61 which is identical to shift registers 31 and 52. The outputs of shift register 61 are taken from the 12th, 24th and 36th time slots to correspond to the 16', 8' and 4' pitches, respectively. Two separate output terminals are provided, labeled A and B, which output terminals are connectable by separate switches 63 and 64 to the 16' output. A similar switch configuration is provided for the 8' and 4' output. The arrangement is such that, for example, a 16' pitch output signal can appear on the A and B output terminals simultaneously if both switches 63 and 64 are in the closed position. The two sets of switches for each of the used register output stages is required so that the intermanual and intramanual couplers will be independent. That is, if, for example, a 4' coupler (output at A) is drawn on an intramanual coupler, this will in no way affect the intermanual coupling (output at B) from the same keyboard. To provide for complete keyboard coupling, switches 65 and 67, when closed, feed the signal from the A terminal of intermanual unison-nonunison coupler 60 to an input of summer 43 and summer 44, respectively, to be summed with the output of coupler 61 and/or 62. In addition, the B terminal output is connectable by means of switch 66 as an input to summer 43. In addition, switch 69 connects the output of summer 43 to the input of summer 44 when in a closed position. Switch 68 in its closed position is used to connect the B terminal output from unison coupler 61 to an input of summer 44.

Referring now to FIG. 5, in conjunction with FIG. 1. FIG. 5 illustrates a unified mixture generator 70 comprised of a shift register 71 having switches 72 connectable between an output terminal and the output stages corresponding to 12th, 19th, 24th, 31st, 36th, 43rd, 48th and 55th time slots, respectively. The switches 72, when actuated, correspond to the 4', 22/3 ', 2', 1 ^- ', 1', 2/3', 1/2', and 1/3', respectively. When one or more switches are closed, the information stored in the associated shift register stage is passed to the output of generator 70. The input of generator 70 is taken from the 8' pulse stage of shift register 31 (FIG. 1) via switch 73. The output signal of mixture generator 70 is fed to point F and the organ voicer 40.

In FIG. 6, five mixture shift registers 70, one for each octave of the instrument, are connected to receive independent outputs from the octave time gate means 74. The output of each of the registers 70 is summed together in summing circuit 75 and fed to point F in the system. The input to the octave gate means is received from the 8' stage of shift register 31 via switch 73, when it is closed. The octave times gates 74 also receive the basic clock pulses from the basis clock 10. In operation, the 8' pulses received at the input of the octave time gate means 74 are fed to each of the five octave outputs sequentially in turn. The basic clock pulses are counted and for each octave quantity of pulses the input to the octave time gate means is connected to the input of a mixture shift register 70. The process continues cycling through each shift register in turn for so long as there are 8' pulses present on the input of gate means 74.

Referring to FIG. 7 wherein is shown an alternate embodiment of a mixture generator 76, which could be substituted for the mixture generator of FIG. 6. The mixture generator 76 is comprised of a multistage shift register 77 having outputs at the numerically designated staged. For example, at stages 12, 19, 24, 31, 36, 43, 48 and 55. Five logic gates 78 are used, with each gate corresponding to a desired octave. For the embodiment shown, these are octaves 2 through 6.

The following chart lists the input connections to the logic gates 78 from the shift register 77 and the octave timing means 79.

Octave Delay Logic Gate Footages Outputs of Shift Register 77 ____________________________________________________________ ______________ 2 1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3 36, 43, 48, 55 3 11/3, 1, 2/3, 1/2 31, 36, 43, 48 4 2, 11/3, 1, 2/3 24, 31, 36, 43 5 22/3, 2, 11/3, 1 19, 24, 31, 36 6 4, 22/3, 2, 11/3 12, 19, 24, 31 ____________________________________________________________ ______________

The outputs of logic gates 78 are summed together in summer 80. The summed output is then fed to terminal F in FIG. 2.

The octave timing generator 79 receives multiplex period pulses from the output of frequency divider 12 and timing pulses from pulse frequency divider 11.

The octave timing generator 79 has five outputs corresponding to the octaves 2 through 6 which are connected to the inputs of corresponding logic gates 78.

In FIG. 8, the octave timing pulses a through f are shown for the five octaves. When an octave pulse is in its true state, the gate corresponding to that octave pulse passes the pulses collected from the shift register. When an octave pulse is in its false state, the corresponding gate blocks the pulses from the shift register.

While there has been disclosed what is considered to be the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be manifest that many changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the essential spirit of the invention.