ANTI-DANDRUFF HAIR PREPARATION
United States Patent 3694547
This invention relates to hair preparations having activity against dandruff, containing as an anti-dandruff agent the proteolytic enzyme material rennet. One form of the hair preparations is a lotion, for example an aqueous or alcoholic solution or emulsion of rennet having a pH of from 2 to 9. Rennet may also be incorporated in shampoos, creams, sprays and gels.
Application Number:
05/196226
Publication Date:
09/26/1972
Filing Date:
11/05/1971
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Export Citation:
Assignee:
Lever Brothers Company (New York, NY)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
424/DIG.004
International Classes:
A61K8/66; A61Q5/00; A61Q5/02; A61K8/30; A61K7/06
Field of Search:
424/DIG.4,94,70
Other References:
cayle, Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, Vol. 14, No. 6, page 254, June 1963.
Primary Examiner:
Huff, Richard L.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. A hair preparation having activity against dandruff comprising, as an anti-dandruff agent from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight of rennet.
2. A hair preparation according to claim 1 wherein the rennet is in aqueous or alcoholic emulsion or solution.
3. A hair preparation according to claim 1 in the form of a lotion.
4. A hair preparation according to claim 1 in the form of a shampoo.
5. A hair preparation according to claim 1 having a pH of from about 2 to about 9.
6. A hair preparation according to claim 5 having a pH of from about 4.5 to about 7.
7. A hair preparation according to claim 6 having a pH buffered at from about 5 to about 6.
1. A hair preparation having activity against dandruff comprising, as an anti-dandruff agent from about 0.01 to about 1 percent by weight of rennet.
2. A hair preparation according to claim 1 wherein the rennet is in aqueous or alcoholic emulsion or solution.
3. A hair preparation according to claim 1 in the form of a lotion.
4. A hair preparation according to claim 1 in the form of a shampoo.
5. A hair preparation according to claim 1 having a pH of from about 2 to about 9.
6. A hair preparation according to claim 5 having a pH of from about 4.5 to about 7.
7. A hair preparation according to claim 6 having a pH buffered at from about 5 to about 6.
Description:
This invention relates to hair preparations containing rennet and particularly to lotions containing rennet for the control of dandruff.
The use of proteolytic enzymes in toilet preparations is known. For example, the addition of pancreatin to bath water has been suggested; this is said to have a beneficial effect on the skin. It has also been suggested trypsin should be added to dental preparations in order to dissolve protein-containing food residues. Proteolytic enzymes, such as keratinase have also been suggested for use as depilatories.
Tryptic enzymes, such as pancreatin, have not proved very suitable for hair preparations, (which are generally acidic), since they are most effective at about pH 8.5. A similar objection is open to the use of lipases (mixtures of proteolytic enzymes) which have also been suggested.
We have now discovered that desirable effects can be imparted to hair preparations by the incorporation therein of rennet, and that these effects can be obtained from both acidic and weakly alkaline preparations.
Accordingly the present invention provides a hair preparation having activity against dandruff comprising, as an antidandruff agent from about 0.02 to about 1 percent by weight of rennet.
More particularly we have discovered that hair lotions containing rennet are effective in controlling dandruff.
Rennet is a substance normally used in cheese-making (and which is therefore commercially available) which contains the enzyme chymosin. It is usually prepared microbiologically; or alternatively it can be isolated from natural sources such as calves stomachs.
In general the amount of rennet required to give an acceptable antidandruff effect in the composition of the invention is from 0.01 to 1 percent, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight.
The most suitable form of hair preparation according to the invention is a lotion, that is an aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous/alcoholic solution or emulsion containing rennet, although other forms, for example shampoos, gels and creams are not excluded. Preferably the pH of the preparation will be from 2 to 9, most preferably from 4.5 to 7. A particularly preferred mode of obtaining a composition within the pH range is to formulate it to include a buffer so that it is buffered at from about pH 5-6.
The invention will be further described in the following examples in which the rennet used was of the activity stated in brackets:
This is an example of an alcoholic hair lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Rennet (1:220,000) 0.05 Isopropanol 50.00 Perfume 0.30 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- EXAMPLE 2
This is an example of an aqueous hair lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Rennet (1:220,000) 0.05 Sodium benzoate 0.15 Perfume 0.2 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
EXAMPLE 3
This is an example of an aqueous/alcoholic hair setting preparation
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Luviskol VA64 2.0 Rennet (1:100,000) 0.1 Isopropanol 45.0 Perfume 0.4 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Luviskol VA64 (Trade Mark) is a commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.
EXAMPLE 4
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a gel
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Carbopol 940 1.0 Ethanol 25.0 Rennet (1:220,000) 0.2 Isopropyl myristate 2.0 Glycerine 2.0 Diisopropanolamine 0.7 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Carbopol 940 (Trade Mark) is a carboxyvinyl polymer which functions as a thickening agent.
EXAMPLE 5
This is an example of a hair cream preparation
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Paraffin Oil 15.0 Lanolin 3.0 Glycerine 2.0 Cityl alcohol 1.0 Lanette N 8.0 Rennet (1:100,00) 0.3 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid-ethyl ester 0.2 Perfume 0.3 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Lanette N (Trade Mark) is a 9:1 mixture of cetyl stearyl alcohol/sodium cetyl stearyl sulphate.
EXAMPLE 6
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a conditioner
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Cetyl stearyl alcohol 3.0 Cetyl alcohol 1.0 Lanolin 2.0 Katioran 1.0 Rennet (1:220,000) 0.2 Citric acid 0.3 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 0.2 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Katioran (Trade Mark) is a hydrophilic fatty acid condensation product.
EXAMPLE 7
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a shampoo
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Sodium alkyl polyglycol ether sulphate 15.2 Ethylene glycol distearate 1.0 Sodium chloride 2.0 Technical grade rennet powder 0.5 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
The composition was adjusted to pH 5.5 with citric acid.
EXAMPLE 8
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a cream lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Stearyl alcohol 3.5 Stearyl alcohol polyglycol ether 3.5 Spermaceti 5.0 Isopropyl myristate 3.0 Glycerine 5.0 Technical grade rennet powder 0.1 Perfume 0.4 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
This composition was emulsified and found to have a pH of 6.4.
EXAMPLE 9
The following experiment was performed to ascertain the effectiveness of a lotion of the formulation shown in Example 1 in combatting dandruff.
A group of 100 people with bad or moderate dandruff were asked to apply the lotion twice a day and to wash their hair at the beginning of the trial period but not during it. A second group of 100 were asked to apply a lotion of the following formula in the same way:
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Salicyclic acid 2 Isopropanol 48 Water 50 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
A third group of 100 were asked to apply a 50 percent aqueous solution of isopropanol as a blank. The results of these tests are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Number of persons showing a marked reduction of dandruff after use of lotion
No. of days Lotion with elapsed Lotion of Ex. 1 salicyclic acid Blank lotion ____________________________________________________________ ______________ 3 18 29 12 6 26 38 18 10 31 54 22 14 52 63 28 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
After 14 days the treatment was discontinued and the number of persons whose hair condition relapsed was noted. The results of this part of the experiment are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Number of persons whose hair condition relapsed
No. of days Lotion with elapsed Lotion of Ex. 1 salicylic acid Blank lotion ____________________________________________________________ ______________ 3 12 0 13 6 28 4 18 10 52 25 28 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
The above experiments show that a lotion in accordance with the invention is considerably more effective than one containing salicylic acid and salicylic acid lotions have been suggested as antidandruff agents in the past.
The use of proteolytic enzymes in toilet preparations is known. For example, the addition of pancreatin to bath water has been suggested; this is said to have a beneficial effect on the skin. It has also been suggested trypsin should be added to dental preparations in order to dissolve protein-containing food residues. Proteolytic enzymes, such as keratinase have also been suggested for use as depilatories.
Tryptic enzymes, such as pancreatin, have not proved very suitable for hair preparations, (which are generally acidic), since they are most effective at about pH 8.5. A similar objection is open to the use of lipases (mixtures of proteolytic enzymes) which have also been suggested.
We have now discovered that desirable effects can be imparted to hair preparations by the incorporation therein of rennet, and that these effects can be obtained from both acidic and weakly alkaline preparations.
Accordingly the present invention provides a hair preparation having activity against dandruff comprising, as an antidandruff agent from about 0.02 to about 1 percent by weight of rennet.
More particularly we have discovered that hair lotions containing rennet are effective in controlling dandruff.
Rennet is a substance normally used in cheese-making (and which is therefore commercially available) which contains the enzyme chymosin. It is usually prepared microbiologically; or alternatively it can be isolated from natural sources such as calves stomachs.
In general the amount of rennet required to give an acceptable antidandruff effect in the composition of the invention is from 0.01 to 1 percent, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight.
The most suitable form of hair preparation according to the invention is a lotion, that is an aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous/alcoholic solution or emulsion containing rennet, although other forms, for example shampoos, gels and creams are not excluded. Preferably the pH of the preparation will be from 2 to 9, most preferably from 4.5 to 7. A particularly preferred mode of obtaining a composition within the pH range is to formulate it to include a buffer so that it is buffered at from about pH 5-6.
The invention will be further described in the following examples in which the rennet used was of the activity stated in brackets:
This is an example of an alcoholic hair lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Rennet (1:220,000) 0.05 Isopropanol 50.00 Perfume 0.30 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- EXAMPLE 2
This is an example of an aqueous hair lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Rennet (1:220,000) 0.05 Sodium benzoate 0.15 Perfume 0.2 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
EXAMPLE 3
This is an example of an aqueous/alcoholic hair setting preparation
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Luviskol VA64 2.0 Rennet (1:100,000) 0.1 Isopropanol 45.0 Perfume 0.4 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Luviskol VA64 (Trade Mark) is a commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.
EXAMPLE 4
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a gel
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Carbopol 940 1.0 Ethanol 25.0 Rennet (1:220,000) 0.2 Isopropyl myristate 2.0 Glycerine 2.0 Diisopropanolamine 0.7 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Carbopol 940 (Trade Mark) is a carboxyvinyl polymer which functions as a thickening agent.
EXAMPLE 5
This is an example of a hair cream preparation
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Paraffin Oil 15.0 Lanolin 3.0 Glycerine 2.0 Cityl alcohol 1.0 Lanette N 8.0 Rennet (1:100,00) 0.3 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid-ethyl ester 0.2 Perfume 0.3 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Lanette N (Trade Mark) is a 9:1 mixture of cetyl stearyl alcohol/sodium cetyl stearyl sulphate.
EXAMPLE 6
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a conditioner
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Cetyl stearyl alcohol 3.0 Cetyl alcohol 1.0 Lanolin 2.0 Katioran 1.0 Rennet (1:220,000) 0.2 Citric acid 0.3 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 0.2 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
Katioran (Trade Mark) is a hydrophilic fatty acid condensation product.
EXAMPLE 7
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a shampoo
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Sodium alkyl polyglycol ether sulphate 15.2 Ethylene glycol distearate 1.0 Sodium chloride 2.0 Technical grade rennet powder 0.5 Perfume 0.5 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
The composition was adjusted to pH 5.5 with citric acid.
EXAMPLE 8
This is an example of a hair preparation in the form of a cream lotion
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Stearyl alcohol 3.5 Stearyl alcohol polyglycol ether 3.5 Spermaceti 5.0 Isopropyl myristate 3.0 Glycerine 5.0 Technical grade rennet powder 0.1 Perfume 0.4 Water balance ____________________________________________________________ ______________
This composition was emulsified and found to have a pH of 6.4.
EXAMPLE 9
The following experiment was performed to ascertain the effectiveness of a lotion of the formulation shown in Example 1 in combatting dandruff.
A group of 100 people with bad or moderate dandruff were asked to apply the lotion twice a day and to wash their hair at the beginning of the trial period but not during it. A second group of 100 were asked to apply a lotion of the following formula in the same way:
% by weight ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Salicyclic acid 2 Isopropanol 48 Water 50 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
A third group of 100 were asked to apply a 50 percent aqueous solution of isopropanol as a blank. The results of these tests are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Number of persons showing a marked reduction of dandruff after use of lotion
No. of days Lotion with elapsed Lotion of Ex. 1 salicyclic acid Blank lotion ____________________________________________________________ ______________ 3 18 29 12 6 26 38 18 10 31 54 22 14 52 63 28 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
After 14 days the treatment was discontinued and the number of persons whose hair condition relapsed was noted. The results of this part of the experiment are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Number of persons whose hair condition relapsed
No. of days Lotion with elapsed Lotion of Ex. 1 salicylic acid Blank lotion ____________________________________________________________ ______________ 3 12 0 13 6 28 4 18 10 52 25 28 ____________________________________________________________ ______________
The above experiments show that a lotion in accordance with the invention is considerably more effective than one containing salicylic acid and salicylic acid lotions have been suggested as antidandruff agents in the past.