Title:
MAGNETIC MEMBRANE SWITCH
United States Patent 3681723
Abstract:
A magnetic membrane switch includes two opposed sheets of material which are magnetized in such a way that they repel each other. At least one of these sheets is flexible. The sheets are supported so that there is a predetermined spacing between them. The opposed faces of the sheets are provided with a thin metallic pattern. Portions of the metallic pattern can be made to contact one another by pressing on localized sections of the flexible sheet. The resulting contact achieves a switching operation. By placing an alpha-numeric code on one of the sheets, the switch can be utilized as a keyboard.
US Patent References:
Thin flexible magnetic switch
Wiener - May 1968 - 3383487
KEYBOARD ACTUATING MECHANISM FOR DIAPHRAGM ELECTRIC SWITCH CONTACT ARRAY
Virakinowski - November 1971 - 3617660
Thin flexible magnetic switch
Wiener - May 1968 - 3383487
KEYBOARD ACTUATING MECHANISM FOR DIAPHRAGM ELECTRIC SWITCH CONTACT ARRAY
Virakinowski - November 1971 - 3617660
Application Number:
05/206464
Publication Date:
08/01/1972
Filing Date:
12/09/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Western Electric Company, Incorporated (New York, NY)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
200/86R, 341/34, 200/517
International Classes:
H01H13/702; H01H36/00; H01H13/703; H01H13/70; H01H1/54; H01H3/12
Field of Search:
200/86R,159B 335/205,206,207
Other References:
"Pin Board," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 1965, page 23..
Primary Examiner:
Envall Jr., Roy N.
Claims:
1. A switch which comprises:
2. The switch of claim 1 wherein the sheets are formed of a polymeric
3. The switch of claim 2 wherein the magnetic sheets are provided with integral projections extending from their facing surfaces and underlying the metallic pattern, the ridges being positioned to provide for positive
4. The sWitch of claim 1 wherein one of the sheets is labeled with an alpha-numeric code on the side opposite that bearing the metallic pattern,
5. The switch of claim 4 wherein the portions of the sheet bearing the
6. The switch of claim 1 wherein the thin metallic pattern is formed of
7. The switch of claim 6 wherein the metallic pattern includes layers of
8. The switch of claim 1 wherein the flexible sheet has a maximum thickness of 0.100 inch and the spacing between the opposed surfaces of the metallic
9. The switch of claim 1 wherein an insulating sheet is interposed between the magnetized dielectric sheets, the insulating sheet having openings therein at positions which correspond to desired contact points of the
10. A switch which comprises:
11. A method of connecting conductors, which comprises:
2. The switch of claim 1 wherein the sheets are formed of a polymeric
3. The switch of claim 2 wherein the magnetic sheets are provided with integral projections extending from their facing surfaces and underlying the metallic pattern, the ridges being positioned to provide for positive
4. The sWitch of claim 1 wherein one of the sheets is labeled with an alpha-numeric code on the side opposite that bearing the metallic pattern,
5. The switch of claim 4 wherein the portions of the sheet bearing the
6. The switch of claim 1 wherein the thin metallic pattern is formed of
7. The switch of claim 6 wherein the metallic pattern includes layers of
8. The switch of claim 1 wherein the flexible sheet has a maximum thickness of 0.100 inch and the spacing between the opposed surfaces of the metallic
9. The switch of claim 1 wherein an insulating sheet is interposed between the magnetized dielectric sheets, the insulating sheet having openings therein at positions which correspond to desired contact points of the
10. A switch which comprises:
11. A method of connecting conductors, which comprises:
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to membrane switches and their use as alpha-numeric keyboards.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There is an increasing need in the telecommunications industry for keyboard instruments of a simple and inexpensive design. A greater and greater amount of information is being transmitted by keyboard-type inputs. Presently utilized keyboards typically involve individual mechanical elements for producing an electric contact associated with each alpha-numeric symbol.
Various attempts have been made to produce a so called membrane-type of keyboard in which two flexible members are held in spaced relation. Electrical contact associated with a particular alpha-numeric symbol is produced when a localized region of one of the separated membranes is made to contact the opposed membrane. In a membrane-type keyboard, it is of course, necessary to provide some resiliency in the structure so that the depressed localized regions will return to a non-contact position when the associated alpha-numeric symbol is released. Previous attempts at providing the desired resiliency within membrane-type keyboards have not been entirely successful.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a novel and practical switch which will function in a membrane-type keyboard.
Another object of this invention is the provision of new and useful methods of interconnecting conductors.
This and other objectives are achieved by providing a switch which includes first and second sheets of dielectric material which are magnetized so that the opposed sheets repel one another. As least one of the sheets is flexible. The magnetized sheets are held in a desired spacing such that a portion of the first sheet can be made to contact an opposed portion of the second sheet by exerting a localized force on the flexible sheet. Each of the sheets are provided with a thin metallic switching pattern arranged so that when a particular portion of one of the sheets is contacted with the opposed portion, a desired switching arrangement is achieved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, when read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of various elements magnetic-membrane keyboard;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of various elements of the keyboard of FIG. 1 with the elements separated from one another for purposes of clarity;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view through the keyboard of FIG. 1 showing one alpha-numeric symbol depressed so that electrical contact associated with that symbol is produced and with various layers of the keyboard having an exaggerated thickness for purpose of clarity; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a useful magnetic profile for the magnetic elements of the keyboard of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A composite keyboard, designated generally by the numeral 20, which embodies the inventive switching arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows various elements of the keyboard 20 in an expanded arrangement and with a supporting frame 21 removed. It should be noted that the keyboard 20 is shown with only four alpha-numeric symbols for purposes of simplicity. The inventive principles embodied in the illustrative example can be applied to keyboards having in unlimited number of alpha-numeric symbols.
Referring now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that an upper sheet, designated generally by the numeral 22, of flexible magnetic material overlies a lower sheet 24 of magnetic of material. The lower sheet 24 may be either flexible or rigid. If application of the keyboard 20 to a curved surface is desired, flexibility within the sheet 24 may be useful. However, if the keyboard is to be used on a flat surface, the sheet 24 may be rigid.
One example of a material which is useful for making the sheets 22 and 24 is a polymeric sheet available from B. F. Goodrich Industrial Products Company, Akron, Ohio which is sold under the product designation "Koroseal."This material has ferrite particles embedded in a poly-vinyl chloride binder.
Each of the sheets 22 and 24 is provided with metallic elements 26 thereon. The metallic elements 26 must be thin and flexible when they are applied to flexible sheets, such as the sheet 22. One particularly advantageous way of applying the metallic elements to the sheets 22 and 24 is by a process of vapor deposition such as evaporation, sputtering or the like.
One suitable application of the metallic elements 26 to the sheets 22 and 24 was accomplished by evaporating 1,000 angstroms of titanium and 50,000 anstroms of gold through metallic stainless steel masks onto the sheets 22 and 24. The metallic elements 26 were deposited on the flexible sheet 22 having a thickness of 0.050 inch. The sheet 22 was supported 0.001 inch from the sheet 24 in an operable switching arrangement.
In cases where a mechanically stronger conductor system is desired, it may be advantageous to employ a metallic element formed of titanium-palladium-copper-gold.
It can be seen in FIG. 2 that the metallic elements 26 are formed with contact portions 28 and lead portions 30. The contact portions are arranged to provide perpendicular intersections of the metallic material when an alpha-numeric symbol is depressed. The lead portions 30 of each sheet are arranged to emerge from the sheet on a substantially parallel path so that connections to the sheets 22 and 24 can be readily provided.
An insulating sheet 34 is interposed between the magnetic sheets 22 and 24. The insulating sheet 34 is provided with openings 36 that correspond to the position of the contact portions 28.
Referring now to FIG. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of the keyboard 20, it can be seen that when a portion of the sheet 22 with one of the symbols is depressed, electrical contact occurs between the contact portions 28 which underlie that symbol. The lead portions 30 associated with the particular engaged contact portions 28 are connected to the apparatus which is to be controlled by the keyboard through conventional connection means, such as connection terminals 40 and other connecting elements (not shown).
As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the upper sheet 22 is not a simple flat sheet even though a simple flat member is a perfectly acceptable and workable configuration for the upper sheet. The upper sheet illustrated in the drawings is provided with raised portions 42 in the area of the alpha-numeric symbols. A raised portion on the outside of the keyboard, of course, facilitates ease of manual contact with the desired area of the keyboard. Raised portions 44 on the contact side of the sheet 22 provide for more positive electrical connection between the contact portions 28. Since the sheet 22 is a polymeric substance, the raised portions 42 and 44 can easily be molded into the sheet during the fabrication thereof.
An alternate to the extruded or molded projection might include separate buttons supported above the upper sheet in a loosely fitting frame (not shown).
FIG. 4 shows one workable scheme by which the sheets 22 and 24 can be magnetized so that they will continuously repel one another. Obviously many other patterns for magnetization can be utilized to accomplish the desired object of having the alpha-numeric symbols repulsively held above the lower sheet 24.
Although certain embodiments of the invention have been shown in the drawings and described in the specification, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, is capable of modification and can be arranged without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to membrane switches and their use as alpha-numeric keyboards.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There is an increasing need in the telecommunications industry for keyboard instruments of a simple and inexpensive design. A greater and greater amount of information is being transmitted by keyboard-type inputs. Presently utilized keyboards typically involve individual mechanical elements for producing an electric contact associated with each alpha-numeric symbol.
Various attempts have been made to produce a so called membrane-type of keyboard in which two flexible members are held in spaced relation. Electrical contact associated with a particular alpha-numeric symbol is produced when a localized region of one of the separated membranes is made to contact the opposed membrane. In a membrane-type keyboard, it is of course, necessary to provide some resiliency in the structure so that the depressed localized regions will return to a non-contact position when the associated alpha-numeric symbol is released. Previous attempts at providing the desired resiliency within membrane-type keyboards have not been entirely successful.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a novel and practical switch which will function in a membrane-type keyboard.
Another object of this invention is the provision of new and useful methods of interconnecting conductors.
This and other objectives are achieved by providing a switch which includes first and second sheets of dielectric material which are magnetized so that the opposed sheets repel one another. As least one of the sheets is flexible. The magnetized sheets are held in a desired spacing such that a portion of the first sheet can be made to contact an opposed portion of the second sheet by exerting a localized force on the flexible sheet. Each of the sheets are provided with a thin metallic switching pattern arranged so that when a particular portion of one of the sheets is contacted with the opposed portion, a desired switching arrangement is achieved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and features of the present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, when read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of various elements magnetic-membrane keyboard;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of various elements of the keyboard of FIG. 1 with the elements separated from one another for purposes of clarity;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view through the keyboard of FIG. 1 showing one alpha-numeric symbol depressed so that electrical contact associated with that symbol is produced and with various layers of the keyboard having an exaggerated thickness for purpose of clarity; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a useful magnetic profile for the magnetic elements of the keyboard of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A composite keyboard, designated generally by the numeral 20, which embodies the inventive switching arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows various elements of the keyboard 20 in an expanded arrangement and with a supporting frame 21 removed. It should be noted that the keyboard 20 is shown with only four alpha-numeric symbols for purposes of simplicity. The inventive principles embodied in the illustrative example can be applied to keyboards having in unlimited number of alpha-numeric symbols.
Referring now to FIG. 2, it can be seen that an upper sheet, designated generally by the numeral 22, of flexible magnetic material overlies a lower sheet 24 of magnetic of material. The lower sheet 24 may be either flexible or rigid. If application of the keyboard 20 to a curved surface is desired, flexibility within the sheet 24 may be useful. However, if the keyboard is to be used on a flat surface, the sheet 24 may be rigid.
One example of a material which is useful for making the sheets 22 and 24 is a polymeric sheet available from B. F. Goodrich Industrial Products Company, Akron, Ohio which is sold under the product designation "Koroseal."This material has ferrite particles embedded in a poly-vinyl chloride binder.
Each of the sheets 22 and 24 is provided with metallic elements 26 thereon. The metallic elements 26 must be thin and flexible when they are applied to flexible sheets, such as the sheet 22. One particularly advantageous way of applying the metallic elements to the sheets 22 and 24 is by a process of vapor deposition such as evaporation, sputtering or the like.
One suitable application of the metallic elements 26 to the sheets 22 and 24 was accomplished by evaporating 1,000 angstroms of titanium and 50,000 anstroms of gold through metallic stainless steel masks onto the sheets 22 and 24. The metallic elements 26 were deposited on the flexible sheet 22 having a thickness of 0.050 inch. The sheet 22 was supported 0.001 inch from the sheet 24 in an operable switching arrangement.
In cases where a mechanically stronger conductor system is desired, it may be advantageous to employ a metallic element formed of titanium-palladium-copper-gold.
It can be seen in FIG. 2 that the metallic elements 26 are formed with contact portions 28 and lead portions 30. The contact portions are arranged to provide perpendicular intersections of the metallic material when an alpha-numeric symbol is depressed. The lead portions 30 of each sheet are arranged to emerge from the sheet on a substantially parallel path so that connections to the sheets 22 and 24 can be readily provided.
An insulating sheet 34 is interposed between the magnetic sheets 22 and 24. The insulating sheet 34 is provided with openings 36 that correspond to the position of the contact portions 28.
Referring now to FIG. 3, which is a cross-sectional view of the keyboard 20, it can be seen that when a portion of the sheet 22 with one of the symbols is depressed, electrical contact occurs between the contact portions 28 which underlie that symbol. The lead portions 30 associated with the particular engaged contact portions 28 are connected to the apparatus which is to be controlled by the keyboard through conventional connection means, such as connection terminals 40 and other connecting elements (not shown).
As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the upper sheet 22 is not a simple flat sheet even though a simple flat member is a perfectly acceptable and workable configuration for the upper sheet. The upper sheet illustrated in the drawings is provided with raised portions 42 in the area of the alpha-numeric symbols. A raised portion on the outside of the keyboard, of course, facilitates ease of manual contact with the desired area of the keyboard. Raised portions 44 on the contact side of the sheet 22 provide for more positive electrical connection between the contact portions 28. Since the sheet 22 is a polymeric substance, the raised portions 42 and 44 can easily be molded into the sheet during the fabrication thereof.
An alternate to the extruded or molded projection might include separate buttons supported above the upper sheet in a loosely fitting frame (not shown).
FIG. 4 shows one workable scheme by which the sheets 22 and 24 can be magnetized so that they will continuously repel one another. Obviously many other patterns for magnetization can be utilized to accomplish the desired object of having the alpha-numeric symbols repulsively held above the lower sheet 24.
Although certain embodiments of the invention have been shown in the drawings and described in the specification, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, is capable of modification and can be arranged without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.