Title:
LOW PROFILE ANTENNA MOUNTED ON A WATERCRAFT
United States Patent 3680131
Abstract:
An omnidirectional, ultra high frequency transmitting antenna is disclosed having an unusually low profile and being of unusually rugged physical construction. A cylindrical monopole is attached to the outside conductor of a coaxial cable, and the center conductor is fastened to the apex of a conical dipole, with mechanical spacing and support between the dipoles being supplied by means of a ring of low loss dielectric material which provides dielectric loading for the antenna. With the dielectric loading, the height of the antenna can be made appreciably less than in the case of a conventional dipole antenna. A light flasher is incorporated into the cylindrical monopole as an aid in visually locating the antenna and associated equipment.
US Patent References:
Antenna structure
Taylor - September 1957 - 2805414
/3588903.html
Hampton - June 1971 - 3588903
Automatically operated radio buoy
Freas - April 1952 - 2593432
Broad band antenna
Kandoian - February 1945 - 2368663
Antenna feed point crossover
Holloway - July 1966 - 3262121
Antenna structure
Taylor - September 1957 - 2805414
/3588903.html
Hampton - June 1971 - 3588903
Automatically operated radio buoy
Freas - April 1952 - 2593432
Broad band antenna
Kandoian - February 1945 - 2368663
Antenna feed point crossover
Holloway - July 1966 - 3262121
Inventors:
Hall, Roger D. (Encino, CA)
Clasby, David N. (Newhall, CA)
Clasby, David N. (Newhall, CA)
Application Number:
05/089913
Publication Date:
07/25/1972
Filing Date:
11/16/1970
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
343/792, 343/846, 343/721, 343/822
International Classes:
H01Q9/28; H01Q9/40; H01Q9/04; H01Q1/34
Field of Search:
343/709,710,792,830,846,873,721,822
Primary Examiner:
Lieberman, Eli
Claims:
We claim
1. An antenna structure for connection to a coaxial signal carrying conductor comprising
2. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distance along said center conductor between said plate and said apex is selected to provide an impedance match between said coaxial line and said antenna.
3. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said antenna is deployed on a water-borne device, a water-filled gap is located between said cylindrical monopole section and said ground plane means, and said ground plane means includes a substantial portion of the surface of said device.
4. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 3 wherein O-ring sealing means are carried on the side walls of said cylindrical monopole section.
5. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thickness of said loading ring is a substantial proportion of its height.
6. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said circular plate has a plating layer on its side nearest said apex and conductors are soldered between said plating layer and the side walls of said cylindrical monopole section.
7. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein illumination means is incorporated into the side wall of said cylindrical monopole section.
8. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 7 wherein said illuminated means includes a light-transmitting housing positioned adjacent said plate and an annular bulb in said housing.
9. For use with a water-borne vehicle, an antenna structure adapted to be carried within said vehicle and connected to a coaxial feed cable, said antenna having a surface flush with the surface of said vehicle when not deployed and which is urged out of the said surface when deployed, said antenna when deployed comprising:
10. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 9 wherein said antenna, when deployed, extends out of the surface of said vehicle a distance approximately equal to its diameter.
11. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 10 wherein said circular plate has a plating layer on its side nearest said apex and conductors are soldered between said plating layer and the side walls of said cylindrical monopole.
12. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 10 wherein illumination means is incorporated into the side wall of said cylindrical monopole section.
1. An antenna structure for connection to a coaxial signal carrying conductor comprising
2. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distance along said center conductor between said plate and said apex is selected to provide an impedance match between said coaxial line and said antenna.
3. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said antenna is deployed on a water-borne device, a water-filled gap is located between said cylindrical monopole section and said ground plane means, and said ground plane means includes a substantial portion of the surface of said device.
4. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 3 wherein O-ring sealing means are carried on the side walls of said cylindrical monopole section.
5. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thickness of said loading ring is a substantial proportion of its height.
6. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said circular plate has a plating layer on its side nearest said apex and conductors are soldered between said plating layer and the side walls of said cylindrical monopole section.
7. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 6 wherein illumination means is incorporated into the side wall of said cylindrical monopole section.
8. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 7 wherein said illuminated means includes a light-transmitting housing positioned adjacent said plate and an annular bulb in said housing.
9. For use with a water-borne vehicle, an antenna structure adapted to be carried within said vehicle and connected to a coaxial feed cable, said antenna having a surface flush with the surface of said vehicle when not deployed and which is urged out of the said surface when deployed, said antenna when deployed comprising:
10. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 9 wherein said antenna, when deployed, extends out of the surface of said vehicle a distance approximately equal to its diameter.
11. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 10 wherein said circular plate has a plating layer on its side nearest said apex and conductors are soldered between said plating layer and the side walls of said cylindrical monopole.
12. An antenna structure as set forth in claim 10 wherein illumination means is incorporated into the side wall of said cylindrical monopole section.
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various types of manned and unmanned vehicles, buoys, transponders, etc., have been used, and others are currently in use or being planned for ocean research work. Except for devices considered expendable, it is necessary to provide some means for locating and recovering the devices when they have completed their mission. Aircraft and other devices are frequently lost and searched for over both land and water. Various types of radio transmitters have been used to aid in searching, all of which require some form of antenna. One type which has been used is a simple vertical whip antenna which may be carried in a folded or collapsed condition until the device or vehicle surfaces and which is then extended for transmitting. For some applications this type of antenna has been found to be unsatisfactory because it takes up too much space, even as folded or collapsed, or because when extended it raises the center of gravity such that the device or vehicle may roll or capsize, resulting in failure to transmit by dipping the antenna in the water. Other types of antennas have often been found to be larger than desired, either occupying space desired for other functions or imposing a penalty in the form of additional frontal area, or drag in the water. Often the performance of the antenna has been severely limited because its design preferably requires a ground plane of substantial size, and the required area is not available on the device or vehicle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The antenna design which is disclosed herein provides omnidirectional performance equal to much larger antennas of conventional design and yet avoids the problems enumerated above. Since it is of limited size, it requires only a small amount of space in the vehicle or device in which it is installed and yet is designed to remain flush with the vehicle's surface until deployed. When the antenna is deployed it extends only a limited distance out of the surface of the vehicle and thus does not produce or contribute substantially to a moment tending to roll or capsize the vehicle. This result is accomplished through the use of a cylindrical monopole combined with a contiguous top-loaded conical monopole and a low-loss type of dielectric loading arrangement. The surface of the vehicle adjacent the cylindrical monopole becomes an effective ground plane. The entire assembly is very rugged physically and may be combined with a light flasher to assist in locating the vehicle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The single FIGURE shows an antenna embodying our invention in its deployed state.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawing, the surface of the waterborne vehicle or device is shown at numeral 10. Formed in the surface of the vehicle is a bore 12 which would normally be cylindrical for receiving the transmitting beacon package 14. The beacon unit 14 includes transmitting equipment (not shown in detail) terminating in a coaxial cable 16 which is connected through a conventional electrical connector to a circular plate member 20 forming part of a cylindrical dipole structure. The center conductor of coaxial lead 16 is soldered to the apex of a conical member 22 forming part of a conical dipole. An annular member 24 of a low-loss dielectric material (such as polytetrafluorethylene)is positioned between members 20 and 22 to provide dielectric loading as well as mechanical support for the member 22. An O-ring seal 26 is shown located in the outside edge of member 20 which may be used to prevent sea water, rain or moisture from other sources from entering the bore 12 when the beacon assembly is in its retracted position. As retracted, the surface of member 22 is flush with surface 10. The beacon assembly 14 may be held in its retracted position against the force of a spring 28 through any suitable means, such as a detent with a solenoid-operated plunger or other suitable mechanism. When the plunger, etc. is removed, as by energizing of the aforementioned solenoid, the spring 28 will force the assembly 14 into the position shown. Electrical power is supplied from the vehicle 10 through a connector 30 and a wire 32 to the transmitter within assembly 14. This power is also supplied to an annular flasher bulb 34 which is positioned between plate 20 and a collar member 36 which cooperate with a series of conductor wires 38 to complete the cylindrical dipole structure. The light 34 then flashes through windows formed between the conducting members 38. It will be observed that plate 20 is drilled to permit conductor 38 to be extended to the upper surface of member 20 where it is soldered or otherwise fastened to a nickel-plated layer in order to provide assurance that there is no significant voltage drop between the upper surface of member 20 and the surface of member 36. All of the members 38 are connected to the plated surface of plate 20 as shown.
With the beacon assembly 14 in its deployed state, as shown, sea water will enter the bore 12 and surround member 36 and will extend into bore 12 at least to the level of an O-ring seal 40. The sea water provides a conducting path between the member 36 and the surface 10 of the vehicle, thus providing an arrangement whereby a substantial part of the surface of the vehicle acts as a ground plane for the antenna structure. Other conductors such as resilient fingers may extend between members 36 and 10 where the transmitter is operated in air.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that certain dimensions and proportions of the parts above affect both the center frequency and the band width of the transmitted signal. With a diameter and deployed height of about 2 inches, the center frequency will be in the region of 1 GHz. The height may be further reduced where the flasher bulb 34 is not included. The antenna is a fairly narrow band device, as shown, with band widths in the range of 10 to 20 percent of the center frequency. The diameter of the base of the conical portion of member 22, as well as the angle of its sides, will affect band width. The thickness of the dielectric material in the walls of member 24 will also affect band width. Impedance matching between the coaxial line and the antenna may be effected by controlling the distance the center conductor extends between the plated surface of the cylindrical monopole member 20 and the apex of the conical portion of member 22. Of course, minor variations from a circular cross-section would be expected to produce similar electrical results but with some irregularities in the pattern, depending on the magnitude of such variations, and where reference is made to "cylindrical" or "circular" members, it is intended that such minor variations be included.
Various types of manned and unmanned vehicles, buoys, transponders, etc., have been used, and others are currently in use or being planned for ocean research work. Except for devices considered expendable, it is necessary to provide some means for locating and recovering the devices when they have completed their mission. Aircraft and other devices are frequently lost and searched for over both land and water. Various types of radio transmitters have been used to aid in searching, all of which require some form of antenna. One type which has been used is a simple vertical whip antenna which may be carried in a folded or collapsed condition until the device or vehicle surfaces and which is then extended for transmitting. For some applications this type of antenna has been found to be unsatisfactory because it takes up too much space, even as folded or collapsed, or because when extended it raises the center of gravity such that the device or vehicle may roll or capsize, resulting in failure to transmit by dipping the antenna in the water. Other types of antennas have often been found to be larger than desired, either occupying space desired for other functions or imposing a penalty in the form of additional frontal area, or drag in the water. Often the performance of the antenna has been severely limited because its design preferably requires a ground plane of substantial size, and the required area is not available on the device or vehicle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The antenna design which is disclosed herein provides omnidirectional performance equal to much larger antennas of conventional design and yet avoids the problems enumerated above. Since it is of limited size, it requires only a small amount of space in the vehicle or device in which it is installed and yet is designed to remain flush with the vehicle's surface until deployed. When the antenna is deployed it extends only a limited distance out of the surface of the vehicle and thus does not produce or contribute substantially to a moment tending to roll or capsize the vehicle. This result is accomplished through the use of a cylindrical monopole combined with a contiguous top-loaded conical monopole and a low-loss type of dielectric loading arrangement. The surface of the vehicle adjacent the cylindrical monopole becomes an effective ground plane. The entire assembly is very rugged physically and may be combined with a light flasher to assist in locating the vehicle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The single FIGURE shows an antenna embodying our invention in its deployed state.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawing, the surface of the waterborne vehicle or device is shown at numeral 10. Formed in the surface of the vehicle is a bore 12 which would normally be cylindrical for receiving the transmitting beacon package 14. The beacon unit 14 includes transmitting equipment (not shown in detail) terminating in a coaxial cable 16 which is connected through a conventional electrical connector to a circular plate member 20 forming part of a cylindrical dipole structure. The center conductor of coaxial lead 16 is soldered to the apex of a conical member 22 forming part of a conical dipole. An annular member 24 of a low-loss dielectric material (such as polytetrafluorethylene)is positioned between members 20 and 22 to provide dielectric loading as well as mechanical support for the member 22. An O-ring seal 26 is shown located in the outside edge of member 20 which may be used to prevent sea water, rain or moisture from other sources from entering the bore 12 when the beacon assembly is in its retracted position. As retracted, the surface of member 22 is flush with surface 10. The beacon assembly 14 may be held in its retracted position against the force of a spring 28 through any suitable means, such as a detent with a solenoid-operated plunger or other suitable mechanism. When the plunger, etc. is removed, as by energizing of the aforementioned solenoid, the spring 28 will force the assembly 14 into the position shown. Electrical power is supplied from the vehicle 10 through a connector 30 and a wire 32 to the transmitter within assembly 14. This power is also supplied to an annular flasher bulb 34 which is positioned between plate 20 and a collar member 36 which cooperate with a series of conductor wires 38 to complete the cylindrical dipole structure. The light 34 then flashes through windows formed between the conducting members 38. It will be observed that plate 20 is drilled to permit conductor 38 to be extended to the upper surface of member 20 where it is soldered or otherwise fastened to a nickel-plated layer in order to provide assurance that there is no significant voltage drop between the upper surface of member 20 and the surface of member 36. All of the members 38 are connected to the plated surface of plate 20 as shown.
With the beacon assembly 14 in its deployed state, as shown, sea water will enter the bore 12 and surround member 36 and will extend into bore 12 at least to the level of an O-ring seal 40. The sea water provides a conducting path between the member 36 and the surface 10 of the vehicle, thus providing an arrangement whereby a substantial part of the surface of the vehicle acts as a ground plane for the antenna structure. Other conductors such as resilient fingers may extend between members 36 and 10 where the transmitter is operated in air.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that certain dimensions and proportions of the parts above affect both the center frequency and the band width of the transmitted signal. With a diameter and deployed height of about 2 inches, the center frequency will be in the region of 1 GHz. The height may be further reduced where the flasher bulb 34 is not included. The antenna is a fairly narrow band device, as shown, with band widths in the range of 10 to 20 percent of the center frequency. The diameter of the base of the conical portion of member 22, as well as the angle of its sides, will affect band width. The thickness of the dielectric material in the walls of member 24 will also affect band width. Impedance matching between the coaxial line and the antenna may be effected by controlling the distance the center conductor extends between the plated surface of the cylindrical monopole member 20 and the apex of the conical portion of member 22. Of course, minor variations from a circular cross-section would be expected to produce similar electrical results but with some irregularities in the pattern, depending on the magnitude of such variations, and where reference is made to "cylindrical" or "circular" members, it is intended that such minor variations be included.