SURGE VOLTAGE PROTECTION FOR CATHODE RAY TUBE DRIVERS
United States Patent 3668465
Disclosed in a transient voltage protective network for protecting the transistor of a video amplifier coupled to one of the input terminals of a CRT electron gun from the arcing voltages appearing at this input terminal, the protective network including a pair of diodes respectively connected to the output of the transistor and the collector supply voltage and ground terminals thereof, as well as surge voltage protective device coupled through resistive means across one of the diodes.
US Patent References:
F.m. receiver noise suppression circuit
Garfield - March 1966 - 3241069
Deenergizing circuit
Sinclair - September 1967 - 3340407
SURGE SUPPRESSING MEANS FOR STATIC CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Pollard - June 1969 - 3450894
CHARGE AMPLIFIER WITH PROTECTIVE DISCHARGE DEVICE
Siegel - July 1969 - 3454891
F.m. receiver noise suppression circuit
Garfield - March 1966 - 3241069
Deenergizing circuit
Sinclair - September 1967 - 3340407
SURGE SUPPRESSING MEANS FOR STATIC CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Pollard - June 1969 - 3450894
CHARGE AMPLIFIER WITH PROTECTIVE DISCHARGE DEVICE
Siegel - July 1969 - 3454891
Inventors:
Evans, William E. (Garland, TX)
Harding, Robert C. (Dallas, TX)
Harding, Robert C. (Dallas, TX)
Application Number:
05/115535
Publication Date:
06/06/1972
Filing Date:
02/16/1971
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Seaco Computer-Display Incorporated (Garland, TX)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
361/111, 361/118, 361/91.500, 327/330, 307/327, 348/E03.039, 330/207P, 348/725
International Classes:
H04N3/20; H04N3/16
Field of Search:
178/DIG.12,7.5R,7.5DC 315/91,93,107 317/DIG.6,11R 330/27P 328/8,9,171 307/93,100,202
Primary Examiner:
Forrer, Donald D.
Assistant Examiner:
Woodbridge R. C.
Claims:
1. A cathode ray tube system, comprising:
2. The system as described in claim 1 wherein one of said diodes has its cathode connected to the transistor output and its anode connected to a source of ground potential, and the other of said diodes has its anode connected to the transistor output and its cathode connected to a supply voltage source, the voltage discharge device being coupled in series with
3. The system as described in claim 2 wherein said voltage discharge device
4. The system as described in claim 3 wherein said transistor has its emitter coupled through a bias resistor to ground potential, and said
5. A surge voltage protection network, comprising:
6. The network as defined by claim 5 wherein said voltage discharge device
7. The network as defined by claim 5 wherein said resistive means is of a value that the voltage at said output terminal is substantially identical to the voltage at the collector of said transistor during the conduction of said voltage discharge device.
2. The system as described in claim 1 wherein one of said diodes has its cathode connected to the transistor output and its anode connected to a source of ground potential, and the other of said diodes has its anode connected to the transistor output and its cathode connected to a supply voltage source, the voltage discharge device being coupled in series with
3. The system as described in claim 2 wherein said voltage discharge device
4. The system as described in claim 3 wherein said transistor has its emitter coupled through a bias resistor to ground potential, and said
5. A surge voltage protection network, comprising:
6. The network as defined by claim 5 wherein said voltage discharge device
7. The network as defined by claim 5 wherein said resistive means is of a value that the voltage at said output terminal is substantially identical to the voltage at the collector of said transistor during the conduction of said voltage discharge device.
Description:
This invention pertains to surge voltage protective networks, more particularly to surge voltage protective networks for solid state devices, and even more particularly to protective networks for transistorized video amplifiers driving cathode ray tube displays.
Cathode ray tubes have long been used to provide visual representation of electrical effects, these cathode ray tubes generally consisting of three fundamental sub-systems: (1) an electron gun for producing and focusing an electron beam; (2) a deflection system for diverting the electron beam in accordance with the information to be displayed; and (3) a fluorescent screen upon which the so-deflected electron beam is focused. The electron gun basically includes cathode, anode, and grid electrodes which, in combination, determine the production and focusing of the electron beam which is subsequently deflected upon the screen. In practice, the control effected by the electron gun is achieved by driving either the cathode or one of the grid electrodes from the output of a video amplifier, all as conventionally known in the art.
Modern day requirements have resulted in cathode ray tube systems being developed which have increased structural complexity as well as excessively high voltages associated therewith. As a result of these developments, the present day high performance cathode ray tube is increasingly prone to high voltage transients or arcing during its operation. With the corresponding development of solid state (semiconductor) networks as the video amplifier driving stage, this arcing within the cathode ray tube has presented severe problems to the effective operation of the overall system in view of the resultant damage to these solid state devices. In particular, since the output of video amplifier is normally coupled directly to the cathode or grid electrode of the electron gun portion of the CRT, any arcing that occurs within the CRT severely damages the transistor forming the output stage of the amplifier, thus causing a failure in the whole system.
In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, various techniques have been thought of to protect the video amplifier from the deleterious effects of these arcing voltage transients, all of these techniques in themselves having substantial disadvantages. For example, the placing of a protective diode across the output of the transistor amplifier where the diode has a sufficiently high current carrying capacity to handle the excessively large arcing currents consequently result in impeding the performance of the video amplifier due to the correspondingly high capacitance associated therewith. Alternatively, the placement of a high value impedance device, such as a resistor, between the output of the video amplifier and the input to the CRT electron gun substantially impedes the overall performance of the CRT due to the substantial reduction in the output signal from the amplifier.
It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a new and improved protective network for devices subjected to excessively high surge or transient voltages.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved surge voltage protective network for solid state devices.
It is an even further object of the invention to provide protection for a transistorized video amplifier driving the cathode or grid electrode of a CRT electron gun without substantially impairing the performance of the video amplifier.
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention is directed to a protective network comprising a pair of diodes respectively connected to the output of a transistor amplifier and the collector supply voltage and ground terminals thereof, and a surge voltage protective device coupled through resistive means across one of the diodes. As a specific feature of the invention, the protective network is coupled at the intersection of the diodes from the output from a transistorized video amplifier to the input to the cathode or grid electrode of the electron gun portion of a CRT. As subsequently described, the diodes provide protection for the amplifier against excessive voltage transients appearing at the cathode or grid electrode, as the case may be, prior to the ignition of the surge voltage protective device, the protective device thereafter effecting isolation of the amplifier from the arcing voltages.
For a more complete understanding of the invention, and for further objects, advantages and features thereof, reference may now be had to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the sole FIGURE of the accompanying drawing illustrating a circuit schematic of a preferred embodiment of the protective network of the invention.
Referring now to the sole FIGURE of the drawing, there is depicted the protective network 10 of the present invention. Accordingly, the network 10 includes a pair of diodes 11 and 12, and a voltage discharge device 13 connected across the diode 12 by way of resistive means 14 comprising resistors 14a and 14b. The device 13 is of the type which will conduct when a D.C. ignition voltage of predetermined value appears across its terminals, thus providing discharge path to ground upon this ignition. These devices are generally referred to in the art as "spark gap" devices, Siemens Corporation being one manufacturer and distributor of same.
As a specific feature of the present invention, the protective network 10 is coupled between the output stage of a video amplifier and the input terminal 20 to the cathode or grid electrode of a CRT electron gun. Specifically, the video amplifier output stage includes the common emitter transistor amplifier 15 having collector load resistor 16 connected to the positive collector supply voltage V cc and an emitter bias resistor 17 connected to ground, all as conventionally known in the art. Diode 11 is connected as illustrated from the output of the transistor 15 to the supply voltage V cc , and the diode 12 is connected as illustrated from the output of the transistor 15 to ground. The output of the transistor 15 is also coupled through the resistors 14a and 14b to the input terminal 20. During normal operation, the diodes 11 and 12 (being reverse-biased), and the "spark gap" device 13 are not conducting, the cathode or grid of the electron gun being driven in a normal manner by the video amplifier. If, however, an excessive voltage transient occurs at the terminal 20 as a result of arcing within the CRT electron gun, and this voltage transient exceeds the ignition or striking voltage of the device 13, the device 13 will conduct and, in combination with the resistive means 14, will provide an essentially short circuit discharge path to ground, thus protecting the transistor 15 from these damaging surge voltages. Once the excessive surge current has thus been bypassed, the device 13 will resume its normal non-conducting mode.
As an additional specific feature of the invention, the diodes 11 and 12 provide additional voltage protection for the transistor 15 until the "spark gap" device 13 is ignited. Since the device 13 must have a sufficiently high ignition voltage to avoid its triggering from the supply voltage V cc , and furthermore, since there is an inherent time lag from the time when the damaging voltage transient occurs at terminal 20 until the device 13 conducts, preliminary protection must be provided the transistor 15 against these excessive voltage transients until the device 13 conducts. This preliminary protection is provided by diodes 11 and 12 which serve to respectively clamp the output of the transistor 15 at essentially either the supply voltage value V cc or ground, depending upon the polarity of the arcing voltage at terminal 20. For example, assuming the presence of a negative voltage transient at the terminal 20 prior to ignition of the device 13, this negative voltage will cause diode 12 to become forward biased and conduct (diode 11 remaining reverse-biased) thus clamping the output of the transistor 15 (and the terminal 20 through the resistive means 14) to the ground. Alternatively, if the surge voltage transient at the terminal 20 is positive, the diode 11 will become forward biased and conduct, and the output of the transistor 15 will therefore essentially be clamped to the supply voltage V cc . Thus, it can be observed that the transistor amplifier 15 is always protected against the damaging voltage transients that may occur at the terminal 20 as a result of arcing within the electron gun.
Various types and values of circuit components may be utilized in the network 10 to effect the previously described operation. Generally, however, the ignition voltage of the "spark gap" device 13 should be as low as possible to protect against the voltage transients occurring at the terminal 20, but must be sufficiently high to avoid being triggered from the collector supply voltage V cc . Diodes 11 and 12 should have a short switching time while also having a minimum capacitance associated therewith. The resistors 14a and 14b must have resistance values large enough to limit the current through diodes 11 and 12, while at the same time not being excessively large so as to disadvantageously affect the bandwidth capability of the video amplifier. In accordance with one specific example, the following circuit components were advantageously utilized:
Transistor 15 2N3499 Resistor 16 500 ohms Resistor 17 100 ohm V cc +40 volts Diodes 11 and 12 1N4148 Resistors 14a and 14b 68 ohms, 1/2 watt Spark gap device 13 Siemens surge voltage protector B1-A230
various modifications to the disclosed preferred embodiment, as well as alternate embodiments, may become apparent to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Cathode ray tubes have long been used to provide visual representation of electrical effects, these cathode ray tubes generally consisting of three fundamental sub-systems: (1) an electron gun for producing and focusing an electron beam; (2) a deflection system for diverting the electron beam in accordance with the information to be displayed; and (3) a fluorescent screen upon which the so-deflected electron beam is focused. The electron gun basically includes cathode, anode, and grid electrodes which, in combination, determine the production and focusing of the electron beam which is subsequently deflected upon the screen. In practice, the control effected by the electron gun is achieved by driving either the cathode or one of the grid electrodes from the output of a video amplifier, all as conventionally known in the art.
Modern day requirements have resulted in cathode ray tube systems being developed which have increased structural complexity as well as excessively high voltages associated therewith. As a result of these developments, the present day high performance cathode ray tube is increasingly prone to high voltage transients or arcing during its operation. With the corresponding development of solid state (semiconductor) networks as the video amplifier driving stage, this arcing within the cathode ray tube has presented severe problems to the effective operation of the overall system in view of the resultant damage to these solid state devices. In particular, since the output of video amplifier is normally coupled directly to the cathode or grid electrode of the electron gun portion of the CRT, any arcing that occurs within the CRT severely damages the transistor forming the output stage of the amplifier, thus causing a failure in the whole system.
In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, various techniques have been thought of to protect the video amplifier from the deleterious effects of these arcing voltage transients, all of these techniques in themselves having substantial disadvantages. For example, the placing of a protective diode across the output of the transistor amplifier where the diode has a sufficiently high current carrying capacity to handle the excessively large arcing currents consequently result in impeding the performance of the video amplifier due to the correspondingly high capacitance associated therewith. Alternatively, the placement of a high value impedance device, such as a resistor, between the output of the video amplifier and the input to the CRT electron gun substantially impedes the overall performance of the CRT due to the substantial reduction in the output signal from the amplifier.
It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a new and improved protective network for devices subjected to excessively high surge or transient voltages.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved surge voltage protective network for solid state devices.
It is an even further object of the invention to provide protection for a transistorized video amplifier driving the cathode or grid electrode of a CRT electron gun without substantially impairing the performance of the video amplifier.
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention is directed to a protective network comprising a pair of diodes respectively connected to the output of a transistor amplifier and the collector supply voltage and ground terminals thereof, and a surge voltage protective device coupled through resistive means across one of the diodes. As a specific feature of the invention, the protective network is coupled at the intersection of the diodes from the output from a transistorized video amplifier to the input to the cathode or grid electrode of the electron gun portion of a CRT. As subsequently described, the diodes provide protection for the amplifier against excessive voltage transients appearing at the cathode or grid electrode, as the case may be, prior to the ignition of the surge voltage protective device, the protective device thereafter effecting isolation of the amplifier from the arcing voltages.
For a more complete understanding of the invention, and for further objects, advantages and features thereof, reference may now be had to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the sole FIGURE of the accompanying drawing illustrating a circuit schematic of a preferred embodiment of the protective network of the invention.
Referring now to the sole FIGURE of the drawing, there is depicted the protective network 10 of the present invention. Accordingly, the network 10 includes a pair of diodes 11 and 12, and a voltage discharge device 13 connected across the diode 12 by way of resistive means 14 comprising resistors 14a and 14b. The device 13 is of the type which will conduct when a D.C. ignition voltage of predetermined value appears across its terminals, thus providing discharge path to ground upon this ignition. These devices are generally referred to in the art as "spark gap" devices, Siemens Corporation being one manufacturer and distributor of same.
As a specific feature of the present invention, the protective network 10 is coupled between the output stage of a video amplifier and the input terminal 20 to the cathode or grid electrode of a CRT electron gun. Specifically, the video amplifier output stage includes the common emitter transistor amplifier 15 having collector load resistor 16 connected to the positive collector supply voltage V cc and an emitter bias resistor 17 connected to ground, all as conventionally known in the art. Diode 11 is connected as illustrated from the output of the transistor 15 to the supply voltage V cc , and the diode 12 is connected as illustrated from the output of the transistor 15 to ground. The output of the transistor 15 is also coupled through the resistors 14a and 14b to the input terminal 20. During normal operation, the diodes 11 and 12 (being reverse-biased), and the "spark gap" device 13 are not conducting, the cathode or grid of the electron gun being driven in a normal manner by the video amplifier. If, however, an excessive voltage transient occurs at the terminal 20 as a result of arcing within the CRT electron gun, and this voltage transient exceeds the ignition or striking voltage of the device 13, the device 13 will conduct and, in combination with the resistive means 14, will provide an essentially short circuit discharge path to ground, thus protecting the transistor 15 from these damaging surge voltages. Once the excessive surge current has thus been bypassed, the device 13 will resume its normal non-conducting mode.
As an additional specific feature of the invention, the diodes 11 and 12 provide additional voltage protection for the transistor 15 until the "spark gap" device 13 is ignited. Since the device 13 must have a sufficiently high ignition voltage to avoid its triggering from the supply voltage V cc , and furthermore, since there is an inherent time lag from the time when the damaging voltage transient occurs at terminal 20 until the device 13 conducts, preliminary protection must be provided the transistor 15 against these excessive voltage transients until the device 13 conducts. This preliminary protection is provided by diodes 11 and 12 which serve to respectively clamp the output of the transistor 15 at essentially either the supply voltage value V cc or ground, depending upon the polarity of the arcing voltage at terminal 20. For example, assuming the presence of a negative voltage transient at the terminal 20 prior to ignition of the device 13, this negative voltage will cause diode 12 to become forward biased and conduct (diode 11 remaining reverse-biased) thus clamping the output of the transistor 15 (and the terminal 20 through the resistive means 14) to the ground. Alternatively, if the surge voltage transient at the terminal 20 is positive, the diode 11 will become forward biased and conduct, and the output of the transistor 15 will therefore essentially be clamped to the supply voltage V cc . Thus, it can be observed that the transistor amplifier 15 is always protected against the damaging voltage transients that may occur at the terminal 20 as a result of arcing within the electron gun.
Various types and values of circuit components may be utilized in the network 10 to effect the previously described operation. Generally, however, the ignition voltage of the "spark gap" device 13 should be as low as possible to protect against the voltage transients occurring at the terminal 20, but must be sufficiently high to avoid being triggered from the collector supply voltage V cc . Diodes 11 and 12 should have a short switching time while also having a minimum capacitance associated therewith. The resistors 14a and 14b must have resistance values large enough to limit the current through diodes 11 and 12, while at the same time not being excessively large so as to disadvantageously affect the bandwidth capability of the video amplifier. In accordance with one specific example, the following circuit components were advantageously utilized:
Transistor 15 2N3499 Resistor 16 500 ohms Resistor 17 100 ohm V cc +40 volts Diodes 11 and 12 1N4148 Resistors 14a and 14b 68 ohms, 1/2 watt Spark gap device 13 Siemens surge voltage protector B1-A230
various modifications to the disclosed preferred embodiment, as well as alternate embodiments, may become apparent to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.