Title:
KEYER CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT WHEREIN A SINGLE SWITCH MAY ACTUATE A SINGLE NOTE OR A CHORD
United States Patent 3665088
Abstract:
A chord circuit is provided in which, upon positioning of a tab switch, the actuation of a given key will cause the sounding of a predetermined chord. Such chord circuits may be provided for a number of different chords, so that depending upon the tab switch which is operated, the actuation of the C key, for example, may cause the sounding, selectively, of C major chord, C minor chord, C diminished chord, and so forth. In the present circuit this is done without requiring the ganging of switch poles, so that the same single-pole key switch which is conventionally used to sound a given tone, also sounds the various preselected chords.
US Patent References:
PLURAL MODE AUTOMATIC BASS NOTE SYSTEM FOR MUSICAL CHORDS WITH AUTOMATIC RHYTHM DEVICE
Freeman - December 1970 - 3548066
ELECTRONIC CHORD SELECTION DEVICE FOR A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Freeman - June 1971 - 3590129
Attachment for automatically playing root tones of chords in bass section of organ
Greif - September 1961 - 3001432
Organ chord switching mechanism
Young - February 1967 - 3305620
Electrical musical instrument
Dorf - June 1962 - 3040612
PLURAL MODE AUTOMATIC BASS NOTE SYSTEM FOR MUSICAL CHORDS WITH AUTOMATIC RHYTHM DEVICE
Freeman - December 1970 - 3548066
ELECTRONIC CHORD SELECTION DEVICE FOR A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Freeman - June 1971 - 3590129
Attachment for automatically playing root tones of chords in bass section of organ
Greif - September 1961 - 3001432
Organ chord switching mechanism
Young - February 1967 - 3305620
Electrical musical instrument
Dorf - June 1962 - 3040612
Inventors:
Brand, John R. (Northridge, CA)
Smith, Ernest A. (Santa Monica, CA)
Smith, Ernest A. (Santa Monica, CA)
Application Number:
05/093328
Publication Date:
05/23/1972
Filing Date:
11/27/1970
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Assignee:
Warwick Electronics Inc. (Chicago, IL)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
84/669, 984/350, 84/DIG.022
International Classes:
G10H1/38; G10H1/00
Field of Search:
84/1.17,DIG.22,DIG.23,1.01,1.03,1.24
US Patent References:
Primary Examiner:
Myers, Lewis H.
Assistant Examiner:
Witkowski, Stanley J.
Claims:
What is claimed is
1. Keying circuit for keyboard musical instrument having a plurality of tone signal generators for generating electrical signals respectively corresponding to different musical notes, electroacoustic transducing means for sounding said notes, a plurality of key switches coupled to said transducing means and to said tone signal generators for applying respective electrical signals to said transducing means, characterized by:
2. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, including:
3. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
4. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, including:
5. Circuit in accordance with claim 4, wherein said second circuit means includes:
1. Keying circuit for keyboard musical instrument having a plurality of tone signal generators for generating electrical signals respectively corresponding to different musical notes, electroacoustic transducing means for sounding said notes, a plurality of key switches coupled to said transducing means and to said tone signal generators for applying respective electrical signals to said transducing means, characterized by:
2. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, including:
3. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
4. Circuit in accordance with claim 1, including:
5. Circuit in accordance with claim 4, wherein said second circuit means includes:
Description:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the circuit of the present invention in its basic form, wherein actuation of a given single-pole key switch may cause the sounding of a given chord, shown in this example as the major chord.
FIG. 2 shows a modification in which the preselected note is sounded, even though the chord tab switch is not actuated.
FIG. 3 shows a refinement in which the pedal tone corresponding to the actuated key switch is also sounded.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary circuit diagram, showing the manner in which PNP transistors may be employed instead of diodes.
FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. 4 employing instead P channel J field effect transistors instead of diodes.
FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 4 employing P channel J field effect transistors with no loading on the tone generator.
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 4 employing N channel J field effect transistors instead of diodes.
FIG. 8 illustrates the employment of an MOS integrated circuit in place of both the diodes and the resistors.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modification in which integrated circuits are employed .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, 20 represents a tone signal generator at the output 22 of which appears a square wave, shown at 24. In this example it will be assumed that the negative excursion is at zero volts (ground) and the positive excursion at plus 8 volts.
The tone signal 24 is coupled via a diode gate 26 to point 28, which serves as the output terminal of the gate 26 and also its control terminal.
It is to be understood that the circuit includes tone generators for all desired tones. For example, tone generator 20 will be assumed to generate the C tone; tone generator 30 the D tone; tone generator 32 the E tone; tone generator 33 the F note; tone generator 35 (FIG. 3) the G note; and similar tone generators (not shown) generating the A, A-, B, C-, D-, F-, G, G- notes, and so on.
Each tone generator has a corresponding key switch actuated customarily by the finger keys of an organ keyboard. Moreover, each of the tone generators supplies its tone to other key switches, as will be described, when its tone is included in the chord represented by the particular key switches. Each key switch consists of a single-pole, double-throw switch represented by the switch 34 for the note C. In similar fashion, the D tone generator 30 has a key switch 36; the E tone generator 32 has a key switch 38 the F tone generator 33 has a key switch 87; the G tone generator 35 has a key switch 89 (FIG. 3), and so on.
The key switch 34 is coupled to a number of different tone generators. In the example shown, these are the tone generators for the C major chord, namely C, E and G. Thus the switch 34 is coupled via resistor 40 and conductor 41 to the output terminal 28 of the C gate 26. Switch 34, and more specifically the pole of switch 34, is also coupled via resistor 42 and conductor 44 to the gated output 46 of the E tone generator 32. The major chord is completed by coupling the switch 34 via resistor 48 to the output of the G gate (not shown).
The normally closed contact 50 of the key switch 34 is grounded at 52. The normally open contact 54 is connected via conductor 56 and coupling capacitor 58 to an output circuit terminal 60. The output circuit may be of any form, simple or complicated, and is here shown by way of example as consisting of a voicing circuit 62, an amplifier 64, and an electro-acoustic transducer in the form of a speaker 66. The conductor 56 is biased by a voltage source 68 through resistor 70.
As noted hereinbefore, terminal 28, in addition to constituting the output terminal of the diode gate 26, also constitutes the control terminal for the gate. This control is effected through the selective application or removal of bias from a source 72 applied through a double-throw switch 74 to a chord control line 76, and thence through an isolating resistor 78 to the terminal 28. When the switch 74 is in its upper position, or A position, it engages contact 80 and is grounded. When in its lower or B position, it engages contact 82 and places the line 76 at the bias of 72. In the example shown, this bias will be assumed to be plus 6.6 volts.
When the tab control switch 74, which controls the selection of the chord, is in the upper or A position, the voltage at 28 remains at zero volts, as shown at 84. When the chord tab switch 74 is in its lower or B position, the signal is as shown at 86, being a square wave going between 6.6 and 0.6 volts. That is, when the tone signal 24 is at plus 8 volts, the diode 26 can, of course, not conduct, since it is reverse biased. During this interval then, the full voltage from 72 is felt at 28 and accounts for the 6.6-volt level of the signal 86. When the tone signal 24 drops to zero volts, then current flows through the diode 26 and the resulting voltage drop across resistor 78 is felt at 28. The forward voltage drop across the diode 26 is approximately 0.6 volts, so that the minimum voltage excursion at 86 is thus 0.6 volts; thus, with the chord tab switch 74 in the B position, there resides on the terminal 28 a square wave tone signal having a peak-to-peak excursion of approximately 6 volts.
This tone signal is applied via the conductor 41 and resistor 40 to the pole of switch 34.
Thus, whenever the switch 74 is in its lower or B position, there resides on the pole of the C key switch 34 tone signals corresponding to the notes C,E and G, i.e., a C major chord. The actuation of the C key switch 34, i.e., the closing at contact 54, thus places a C major chord on the conductor 56 and thence via the capacitor 58 to the loudspeaker 66.
The C tone signal from 20 is also fed to the other key switches whose major chord incorporates the note C. Thus, the terminal 28 is coupled via the conductor 85 to the key switch 87 representing the note F on the keyboard. The C note from terminal 28 is coupled also via conductor 88 to the key switch for G sharp (not shown), since a G sharp major chord also contains the note C. In like manner, each of the tone generators, as exemplified by the C tone signal tone generator 20, is coupled through its associated diode gate, to respective key switches which represent chords in which the particular note from that tone generator appear.
In the fashion above described, each of the key switches exemplified by 34 is coupled to the gated output of the three tones making up the major chord for that key. Reciprocally, and as explained above, each of the tone generators has its output applied to each of the key switches which needs that tone in its major chord. When the chord tab switch 74 is moved to its lower or B position, the actuation of any key switch will thus cause the sounding of a major chord of that key. When the chord tab switch is in its upper or A position, no tones will sound upon the actuation of a key switch, because all of the gates exemplified by diode gate 26, are disabled by the removal of enabling bias from the source 72.
It is usually desirable to always allow the actuation of a given key switch to sound that particular note. To that end the circuit of FIG. 2 is provided, in which the conductor 41' instead of being connected to the gated output 28 from the tone generator 20, is connected directly to the output terminal 22. Thus, in FIG. 2, actuation of the key switch 34 causes a sounding of the note C, irrespective of the position of the chord tab switch 74. In FIG. 2, with the switch 74 in the A position, the actuation of a given key switch, e.g., 34, will sound only that particular note. With switch 74 in the B position, the actuation of a given key switch will sound the major chord of that key.
It will be obvious that similar matrixes can be provided, each with its individual chord tab switch 74, to provide other chords of a given note, for example, the minor chord, the diminished 7th etc.
In FIG. 3 the circuit is shown expanded to include a pedal divider 90, whose output 92 is applied to the output conductor 56. The pedal divider 90 is known in the art and is simply a frequency divider which delivers to its output a signal of one-half of the input frequency. This frequency then becomes the pedal tone corresponding to the note of the actuated key switch 34.
The input to the divider 90 is taken from the diode output terminal 28 via another diode gate 94 and coupling capacitor 96. The terminal 98 constitutes both the output terminal for the second diode gate 94 and the control terminal which serves to selectively enable and disable the gate 94.
The diode gate 94 is enabled by the closing of key switch 34, which applies enabling bias from a 6-volt bias source 68' to the lower, normally open, contact 54 of the key switch 34.
When the chord tab switch 74 is in the B position, tone signal resides on the terminal 28. Since this signal, however, varies between plus 0.6 and plus 6.6 volts, it is not felt at the terminal 98, because of the polarization of the diode 94. With closing of the key switch 34, the 6-volt, bias from 68' appears on terminal 98 via resistor 100, so that a 4.8 volt, peak-to-peak square wave now resides on the output terminal 98, i.e., a square wave varying from 6 volts to 1.2 volts.
This square wave is differentiated in the capacitor 96 and the resulting negative spikes on the conductor 60 are used to drive the pedal divider 90 to produce a square wave output at 92 having one-half the frequency of the tone generator 20.
FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate respective modifications of the present invention, in which the diode 26 has been replaced by various three-terminal devices. In these figures the reference numeral for a given component has been given a distinctive number in the hundreds position. The last two digits indicate the correspondence between the modification and the component shown in FIG. 1. Thus, in FIG. 4 the numeral 126 denotes a transistor (three-terminal device) which replaces the diode 26 (two-terminal device) of FIG. 1. Essentially the difference is that in the FIG. 1 modification the control terminal for the gate represented by the diode 26 is the same as one of the two signal terminals. In the three terminal components of FIGS. 4-7, the gate terminal is separate from the two signal terminals.
In FIG. 4, the diode 26 has been replaced by a PNP transistor 126. In FIG. 5, the diode has been replaced by a P channel J-FET. In FIG. 6 the diode has been replaced by a P channel J - FET with no loading on the tone generator 320. In FIG. 7 the diode has been replaced by an N channel J - FET.
FIG. 8 illustrates the integration of diode and resistors into an MOS integrated circuit. Keeping in mind the numerical format explained above, it is believed that the substitution of components from FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 will be obvious.
The tone generators 20 et al may also be included within a single IC chip. In this case the production of the monophonic bass note is done in a slightly different way when IC chips are used. This is shown in FIG. 9, where an extra divider per note is included within the IC and a second equivalent of diode 26 is used to produce a polyphonic bass system that does not produce burble. These two diodes are shown at 626 and 626' in FIG. 9. While FIG. 9 illustrates the tone generator 620' as being one octave lower than 620, it will be readily understood that it could just as well be more than one octave lower by the incorporation or multiple dividers.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the oblique line exemplified at 700 in FIG. 4 represents the common bussing of all notes of the circuit. That is to say, referring to FIG. 4 by way of example, the conductors 176 leading from their respective tone circuits are all connected to a common buss at 700 and thus employ a common switch 174.
FIG. 1 shows the circuit of the present invention in its basic form, wherein actuation of a given single-pole key switch may cause the sounding of a given chord, shown in this example as the major chord.
FIG. 2 shows a modification in which the preselected note is sounded, even though the chord tab switch is not actuated.
FIG. 3 shows a refinement in which the pedal tone corresponding to the actuated key switch is also sounded.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary circuit diagram, showing the manner in which PNP transistors may be employed instead of diodes.
FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. 4 employing instead P channel J field effect transistors instead of diodes.
FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 4 employing P channel J field effect transistors with no loading on the tone generator.
FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 4 employing N channel J field effect transistors instead of diodes.
FIG. 8 illustrates the employment of an MOS integrated circuit in place of both the diodes and the resistors.
FIG. 9 illustrates a modification in which integrated circuits are employed .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, 20 represents a tone signal generator at the output 22 of which appears a square wave, shown at 24. In this example it will be assumed that the negative excursion is at zero volts (ground) and the positive excursion at plus 8 volts.
The tone signal 24 is coupled via a diode gate 26 to point 28, which serves as the output terminal of the gate 26 and also its control terminal.
It is to be understood that the circuit includes tone generators for all desired tones. For example, tone generator 20 will be assumed to generate the C tone; tone generator 30 the D tone; tone generator 32 the E tone; tone generator 33 the F note; tone generator 35 (FIG. 3) the G note; and similar tone generators (not shown) generating the A, A-, B, C-, D-, F-, G, G- notes, and so on.
Each tone generator has a corresponding key switch actuated customarily by the finger keys of an organ keyboard. Moreover, each of the tone generators supplies its tone to other key switches, as will be described, when its tone is included in the chord represented by the particular key switches. Each key switch consists of a single-pole, double-throw switch represented by the switch 34 for the note C. In similar fashion, the D tone generator 30 has a key switch 36; the E tone generator 32 has a key switch 38 the F tone generator 33 has a key switch 87; the G tone generator 35 has a key switch 89 (FIG. 3), and so on.
The key switch 34 is coupled to a number of different tone generators. In the example shown, these are the tone generators for the C major chord, namely C, E and G. Thus the switch 34 is coupled via resistor 40 and conductor 41 to the output terminal 28 of the C gate 26. Switch 34, and more specifically the pole of switch 34, is also coupled via resistor 42 and conductor 44 to the gated output 46 of the E tone generator 32. The major chord is completed by coupling the switch 34 via resistor 48 to the output of the G gate (not shown).
The normally closed contact 50 of the key switch 34 is grounded at 52. The normally open contact 54 is connected via conductor 56 and coupling capacitor 58 to an output circuit terminal 60. The output circuit may be of any form, simple or complicated, and is here shown by way of example as consisting of a voicing circuit 62, an amplifier 64, and an electro-acoustic transducer in the form of a speaker 66. The conductor 56 is biased by a voltage source 68 through resistor 70.
As noted hereinbefore, terminal 28, in addition to constituting the output terminal of the diode gate 26, also constitutes the control terminal for the gate. This control is effected through the selective application or removal of bias from a source 72 applied through a double-throw switch 74 to a chord control line 76, and thence through an isolating resistor 78 to the terminal 28. When the switch 74 is in its upper position, or A position, it engages contact 80 and is grounded. When in its lower or B position, it engages contact 82 and places the line 76 at the bias of 72. In the example shown, this bias will be assumed to be plus 6.6 volts.
When the tab control switch 74, which controls the selection of the chord, is in the upper or A position, the voltage at 28 remains at zero volts, as shown at 84. When the chord tab switch 74 is in its lower or B position, the signal is as shown at 86, being a square wave going between 6.6 and 0.6 volts. That is, when the tone signal 24 is at plus 8 volts, the diode 26 can, of course, not conduct, since it is reverse biased. During this interval then, the full voltage from 72 is felt at 28 and accounts for the 6.6-volt level of the signal 86. When the tone signal 24 drops to zero volts, then current flows through the diode 26 and the resulting voltage drop across resistor 78 is felt at 28. The forward voltage drop across the diode 26 is approximately 0.6 volts, so that the minimum voltage excursion at 86 is thus 0.6 volts; thus, with the chord tab switch 74 in the B position, there resides on the terminal 28 a square wave tone signal having a peak-to-peak excursion of approximately 6 volts.
This tone signal is applied via the conductor 41 and resistor 40 to the pole of switch 34.
Thus, whenever the switch 74 is in its lower or B position, there resides on the pole of the C key switch 34 tone signals corresponding to the notes C,E and G, i.e., a C major chord. The actuation of the C key switch 34, i.e., the closing at contact 54, thus places a C major chord on the conductor 56 and thence via the capacitor 58 to the loudspeaker 66.
The C tone signal from 20 is also fed to the other key switches whose major chord incorporates the note C. Thus, the terminal 28 is coupled via the conductor 85 to the key switch 87 representing the note F on the keyboard. The C note from terminal 28 is coupled also via conductor 88 to the key switch for G sharp (not shown), since a G sharp major chord also contains the note C. In like manner, each of the tone generators, as exemplified by the C tone signal tone generator 20, is coupled through its associated diode gate, to respective key switches which represent chords in which the particular note from that tone generator appear.
In the fashion above described, each of the key switches exemplified by 34 is coupled to the gated output of the three tones making up the major chord for that key. Reciprocally, and as explained above, each of the tone generators has its output applied to each of the key switches which needs that tone in its major chord. When the chord tab switch 74 is moved to its lower or B position, the actuation of any key switch will thus cause the sounding of a major chord of that key. When the chord tab switch is in its upper or A position, no tones will sound upon the actuation of a key switch, because all of the gates exemplified by diode gate 26, are disabled by the removal of enabling bias from the source 72.
It is usually desirable to always allow the actuation of a given key switch to sound that particular note. To that end the circuit of FIG. 2 is provided, in which the conductor 41' instead of being connected to the gated output 28 from the tone generator 20, is connected directly to the output terminal 22. Thus, in FIG. 2, actuation of the key switch 34 causes a sounding of the note C, irrespective of the position of the chord tab switch 74. In FIG. 2, with the switch 74 in the A position, the actuation of a given key switch, e.g., 34, will sound only that particular note. With switch 74 in the B position, the actuation of a given key switch will sound the major chord of that key.
It will be obvious that similar matrixes can be provided, each with its individual chord tab switch 74, to provide other chords of a given note, for example, the minor chord, the diminished 7th etc.
In FIG. 3 the circuit is shown expanded to include a pedal divider 90, whose output 92 is applied to the output conductor 56. The pedal divider 90 is known in the art and is simply a frequency divider which delivers to its output a signal of one-half of the input frequency. This frequency then becomes the pedal tone corresponding to the note of the actuated key switch 34.
The input to the divider 90 is taken from the diode output terminal 28 via another diode gate 94 and coupling capacitor 96. The terminal 98 constitutes both the output terminal for the second diode gate 94 and the control terminal which serves to selectively enable and disable the gate 94.
The diode gate 94 is enabled by the closing of key switch 34, which applies enabling bias from a 6-volt bias source 68' to the lower, normally open, contact 54 of the key switch 34.
When the chord tab switch 74 is in the B position, tone signal resides on the terminal 28. Since this signal, however, varies between plus 0.6 and plus 6.6 volts, it is not felt at the terminal 98, because of the polarization of the diode 94. With closing of the key switch 34, the 6-volt, bias from 68' appears on terminal 98 via resistor 100, so that a 4.8 volt, peak-to-peak square wave now resides on the output terminal 98, i.e., a square wave varying from 6 volts to 1.2 volts.
This square wave is differentiated in the capacitor 96 and the resulting negative spikes on the conductor 60 are used to drive the pedal divider 90 to produce a square wave output at 92 having one-half the frequency of the tone generator 20.
FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate respective modifications of the present invention, in which the diode 26 has been replaced by various three-terminal devices. In these figures the reference numeral for a given component has been given a distinctive number in the hundreds position. The last two digits indicate the correspondence between the modification and the component shown in FIG. 1. Thus, in FIG. 4 the numeral 126 denotes a transistor (three-terminal device) which replaces the diode 26 (two-terminal device) of FIG. 1. Essentially the difference is that in the FIG. 1 modification the control terminal for the gate represented by the diode 26 is the same as one of the two signal terminals. In the three terminal components of FIGS. 4-7, the gate terminal is separate from the two signal terminals.
In FIG. 4, the diode 26 has been replaced by a PNP transistor 126. In FIG. 5, the diode has been replaced by a P channel J-FET. In FIG. 6 the diode has been replaced by a P channel J - FET with no loading on the tone generator 320. In FIG. 7 the diode has been replaced by an N channel J - FET.
FIG. 8 illustrates the integration of diode and resistors into an MOS integrated circuit. Keeping in mind the numerical format explained above, it is believed that the substitution of components from FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 will be obvious.
The tone generators 20 et al may also be included within a single IC chip. In this case the production of the monophonic bass note is done in a slightly different way when IC chips are used. This is shown in FIG. 9, where an extra divider per note is included within the IC and a second equivalent of diode 26 is used to produce a polyphonic bass system that does not produce burble. These two diodes are shown at 626 and 626' in FIG. 9. While FIG. 9 illustrates the tone generator 620' as being one octave lower than 620, it will be readily understood that it could just as well be more than one octave lower by the incorporation or multiple dividers.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the oblique line exemplified at 700 in FIG. 4 represents the common bussing of all notes of the circuit. That is to say, referring to FIG. 4 by way of example, the conductors 176 leading from their respective tone circuits are all connected to a common buss at 700 and thus employ a common switch 174.