Title:
COUNTERFLOW FIREPLACE
United States Patent 3601117
Abstract:
The double-walled fireplace is described which is adapted to be connected to a counterflow chimney arrangement designed to introduce cold air into the fireplace through an outer duct while the heated air is drawn out through an inner duct and discharged to the atmosphere simultaneously with flue gases from the firebox. At the point of attachment of the chimney to the firebox, a diaphragm or baffle assembly is provided which directs the cold air down the sides of the firebox. By providing suitable baffling on one side of the front and the opposite side at the rear, the air flowing down one side can be made to pass up the firebox, and the cold air from the other side can be made to pass up the rear wall of the firebox. In order to accommodate different fireplace configurations it is possible to modify the baffle structure so that different flow patterns will occur.
US Patent References:
Chimney construction with heat controlling minimizing means
Thulman - April 1953 - 2634720
Fireplace construction
Thulman - February 1958 - 2821975
Fireplace installation for mobile homes
Inabnit - June 1963 - 3094980
Fireplace flue construction
Northwood - June 1965 - 3190281
Chimney construction with heat controlling minimizing means
Thulman - April 1953 - 2634720
Fireplace construction
Thulman - February 1958 - 2821975
Fireplace installation for mobile homes
Inabnit - June 1963 - 3094980
Fireplace flue construction
Northwood - June 1965 - 3190281
Application Number:
04/846911
Publication Date:
08/24/1971
Filing Date:
08/01/1969
View Patent Images:
Export Citation:
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
126/531
International Classes:
F24B1/18; F24B1/00; F24B7/04
Field of Search:
126/120,121,307 237/51,55
Primary Examiner:
Myhre, Charles J.
Claims:
I claim
1. A fireplace assembly comprising a firebox, a chimney means including a first duct for conducting cold air into said fireplace assembly and a second duct for exhausting heated air from said fireplace assembly, means for placing said firebox in communication with said chimney means, a single-walled housing means completely surrounding said firebox and said means for placing said firebox into communication with said chimney and spaced therefrom defining passageways therebetween, first baffle means for directing cold air from said first duct down a first pair of opposed sides of said firebox, second baffle means for directing heated air from a second pair of opposed sides of said firebox upwardly through said second duct, and third baffle means directing said air from each of said first pair opposed sides to each of said second pair of opposed sides.
2. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said third baffle means directs air from one of said first pair of opposed sides to one of said second pair of opposed sides and from the other of said first pair of opposed sides to the other of said second pair of opposed sides.
3. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace and said second pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace.
4. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of the fireplace and said second pair of opposed side are the front and back sides of said fireplace.
5. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said said first pair of opposed sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace and said second pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace.
6. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace and said second pair of sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace.
7. A fireplace assembly adapted to cooperate with a chimney means having a flue, a first annular duct for conducting cold air into said fireplace assembly and a second annular duct coaxial with said first annular duct for exhausting heated air from said fireplace assembly, said fireplace assembly comprising
1. A fireplace assembly comprising a firebox, a chimney means including a first duct for conducting cold air into said fireplace assembly and a second duct for exhausting heated air from said fireplace assembly, means for placing said firebox in communication with said chimney means, a single-walled housing means completely surrounding said firebox and said means for placing said firebox into communication with said chimney and spaced therefrom defining passageways therebetween, first baffle means for directing cold air from said first duct down a first pair of opposed sides of said firebox, second baffle means for directing heated air from a second pair of opposed sides of said firebox upwardly through said second duct, and third baffle means directing said air from each of said first pair opposed sides to each of said second pair of opposed sides.
2. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said third baffle means directs air from one of said first pair of opposed sides to one of said second pair of opposed sides and from the other of said first pair of opposed sides to the other of said second pair of opposed sides.
3. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace and said second pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace.
4. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 1 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of the fireplace and said second pair of opposed side are the front and back sides of said fireplace.
5. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said said first pair of opposed sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace and said second pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace.
6. The fireplace assembly defined in claim 2 wherein said first pair of opposed sides are the right and left sides of said fireplace and said second pair of sides are the front and back sides of said fireplace.
7. A fireplace assembly adapted to cooperate with a chimney means having a flue, a first annular duct for conducting cold air into said fireplace assembly and a second annular duct coaxial with said first annular duct for exhausting heated air from said fireplace assembly, said fireplace assembly comprising
Description:
This invention relates to fireplace construction and in particular to a fireplace assembly which is prefabricated to be installed into the building of which it is to become a permanent part.
A major problem facing those designing fireplace assemblies of the above-mentioned type is to provide a fireplace in which the exterior surfaces are sufficiently cooled so that the temperature of the fireplace will not endanger the surrounding structure. Furthermore, the fireplace must be designed so that it will not direct a significant amount of heat into the room in which it has been placed so as not to be uncomfortable when used with a central heating system.
In U.S Pat. No. 2,821,975to Robert K. Thulman, a fireplace construction is described which circulates cool air around the firebox and draws off the heated air. This latter construction provides a plurality of thermosyphonic paths to maintain safe temperatures on the surface of the outer casing of the fireplace unit. This patented construction is, however, unduly complex in that at least two concentric casings must be provided around the firebox in order to provide the necessary paths for airflow. This results not only in a complex assembly, but one of extreme weight and bulk.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a fireplace assembly which is of simple construction and uses only a single housing around the firebox while providing the needed paths for cooling airflow.
It is another object of this invention to provide a baffle system for a fireplace construction having only a single housing around the firebox in which said baffles properly direct cool airflow from a cold air duct and in which others of said baffles direct the heated air into a hot air duct to be expelled.
The aforementioned and other objects may be obtained in a fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention in which a single housing surrounds the firebox and the dome structure extending from the firebox to the chimney. The double-walled fireplace assembly connects to a counterflow chimney having an annular cold air duct and an annular hot air duct coaxial therewith. The cold air is drawn down into the fireplace assembly, and the heated air is drawn up through an inner casing and discharged to the atmosphere simultaneously with flue gasses from the firebox. At the point of attachment of the chimney to the dome structure of the firebox, the cold air is directed by means of suitably constructed and placed baffles down the side walls of the firebox and up the rear wall of the firebox. A baffle is provided to direct the heated air from the rear wall into the heated air duct. Baffles are provided to direct a portion of the cool air to a front wall of the dome structure of the fireplace, and a baffle is provided for directing the heat from the front portion of the fireplace up into the heated air duct. This airflow pattern can be modified by altering the baffle structure around the dome of the firebox so that, for example, the airflow can be diverted making it flow down the front and back up the side. Therefore, the exterior temperature of the fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention is maintained at an acceptable level while obviating the need for a complex and bulky structure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may be best understood by reference to the specification hereinbelow and the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a preferred embodiment of the fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 with the sidewalls and the rear wall of the housing removed;
FIG. 4 is a top elevational view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary front perspective view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the front wall and a sidewall of the housing have been removed;
FIG. 6-9 are sectional plan views of an open front fireplace constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized in a fireplace construction utilizing this invention;
FIGS. 10-13 are sectional plan views of an open end fireplace, which is a fireplace open on two adjacent sides, constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized using this invention; and
FIGS. 14-17 are sectional plan views of a fireplace open on two opposite sides constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized utilizing this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1-5 in which like numerals refer to like elements illustrate the structural details and the airflow patterns of a fireplace constructed according to the principles of this invention of the type which has a single horizontal opening for receiving combustibles. The fireplace assembly is generally indicated by the numeral 10. A firebox generally indicated as 16 is made up of a base member 20, sidewalls 18 and 19 and a rear wall 22 which extends vertically upward from the base member 20 until a shoulder 21 is reached from whence the rear wall 22 tapers upwardly and inwardly. The firebox opening is surrounded by flat elongated frame members 14.
The upper portion of the firebox 16 communicates with a dome structure generally indicated as 30 which in turn communicates with a chimney flue 32. The dome structure 30 is formed from a rear wall 31, a front wall 33, and baffles 35 and 36. The rear wall 31 of the dome structure 30, as best shown in FIG. 3, extends upwardly from the upper end of rear wall 22 of the firebox 16 to a cover member 29 through which the chimney flue 32 is connected to the dome structure and thereby to the firebox by means of a circular opening centrally disposed therein. The front wall 33 of the dome structure 30 extends upwardly from the horizontal opening of the firebox to the cover member 29. As will be described in greater detail hereinbelow, the walls 33 and 31 form baffles conducting the heated air upwardly and away from the fireplace assembly. Baffles 35 and 36 form the sidewalls of the dome structure 30, but these walls or baffles extend upwardly beyond the cover member 29, while tapering inwardly, to a cover member 37. A circular opening is centrally disposed in cover member 37 to allow a cylindrical casing 34 which is concentric with but of a greater diameter than chimney flue 32, to pass therethrough. The casing 34 extends downwardly only so far as to pass through cover 37. The annular space between chimney flues 32 and cylindrical casing 34 forms an inner annular duct 40 through which the heated air is expelled to the atmosphere.
A housing 12 entirely surrounds the firebox 16 and the dome structure 30. It will be noted that the portion of the housing 12 which surrounds firebox 16 is substantially rectangular while the walls of the housing 12 surrounding the dome structure 30 taper inwardly forming a wedge-shaped configuration. The housing 12 is spaced from the walls of the dome structure 30 and the firebox 16 forming therewith the passageways through which the cold air and the heated air circulate around the firebox and dome assembly. A cover member 13 forms the top of the housing 12. Centrally disposed in cover member 13 is a circular opening of a diameter which will allow it to receive a cylindrical casing 38 which extends only so far as to go through cover 138 and which is concentric with flue 32, but of a greater diameter than cylindrical casing 34. Thus, an annular outer duct 42 is formed between the casing 34 and 38. It is through this outer duct 42 that the cold air for cooling the fireplace assembly 10 is introduced therein.
The housing walls 52 and 54 which are adjacent the dome structure walls 31 and 33, respectively, are inclined at an angle which allow them to be joined with cover members 13 and 37 but not with cover member 29, because walls 31 and 33 are inclined inwardly at a greater angle than the angle of incline of walls 52 and 54 and cover member 29 is narrower. Thus, passages extending from the sides of annular ducts 42 passing down baffles 35 and 36 to the sides of firebox 16 are formed. The rear wall 52 of housing 12 and baffle 31, which is a rear wall of the dome structure 30, form a passage extending downwardly from the annular ducts 40 to the area adjacent the rear wall 22. Likewise, front baffle 33, which forms the front wall of the dome structure 30 and which extends downwardly from the front portion of annular ducts 40 forms along with front wall 54 of the housing 12 a passageway from the upper front portion of the firebox 15 and the surfaces formed by the rear surfaces of vertical frame members 14 to the annular duct 40. The base of member 20 of firebox 16 is mounted on legs 15 which extend from the base member 20 to the bottom of housing 12 forming therebetween a gap 17 which provides a passageway for air flow beneath the firebox. as shown in FIG. 5, an upright baffle 138 is provided which extends downwardly from front to rear within the duct defined by the baffle 35 and the wall of housing 12 adjacent the baffle. Baffle 138 directs a portion of the cool air proceeding down baffle 35 to the front wall 33 of the fireplace dome structure 30. A baffle similar to baffle 138 may be provided on the opposite side of the duct at baffle 36. A baffle 39 extending beneath base member 20 directs a portion of the airflow thereunder to rear wall 22.
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
After a fire has been built in firebox 16, as is generally the case with fireplaces having a single horizontal opening, the sidewalls 18 and 19 of the firebox will be at a lower temperature than rear wall 22, base plate 20 and the front wall 33 of the dome structure. With this temperature relationship of the firebox walls it is desirable to direct the incoming cold air downward along the lower temperature walls allowing the heated air to be drawn upwardly along the walls which are at a higher temperature. This is accomplished by utilizing the principles of this invention to construct a fireplace assembly of only double-walled construction and providing the appropriate baffles to properly direct the air to and from a counter flow chimney, thus, utilizing the counterflow principle for cooling the exterior surfaces of the fireplace. This should be contrasted with the prior art devices in which triple-walled construction was used to employ thermosyphonic movement of air around the exterior surfaces of the fireplace resulting in a complex, bulky structure.
In operation the cold air is drawn downwardly through outer annular duct 42 and directed by the side baffles 35 and 36 downwardly along the sidewalls 18 and 19 of the firebox. As mentioned above, baffle 138 shown mounted adjacent side baffle 35 directs a portion of the incoming cold air along the forward wall 33. A portion of the airstream descending adjacent to baffle 36 is directed back up the front wall 33 in a similar manner, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 5. The air directed down the sidewalls of the firebox will proceed underneath base plate 20 and will be drawn upwardly across rear wall 22 and the rear surfaces of vertical frame members 14. The air directed to the front portion of the fireplace assembly will proceed upwardly along inclined forward wall 33 of the dome structure and enter inner annular duct 40. The heated air from rear wall 22 is directed upwardly along the rear wall 31 of the dome structure into the inner annular duct 40. Therefore, the flow pattern in this embodiment is basically one of having cold air directed down the sides of the fireplace and heated air up the front and back walls.
The fireplace assembly constructed as described hereinabove may be placed in a building wall which provides the necessary clearances. The firebox may be held in place by blocking with stud wallplates or moulding, or it can be nailed or screwed in place through the holes punched in either side of the fireplace frame. Any conventional wall-covering material may be applied to the studs providing it does not extend within approximately 2 inches of the sides of the fireplace opening, or within about 4inches from the top thereof. The chimney may be installed in the conventional manner making sure that the necessary clearances are provided between the chimney structure and the surrounding wall and floor material.
FIGS. 6-17 are sectional plan views of various fireplace configurations describing the various airflow patterns which may be caused to take place by constructing the particular fireplace according to the principles of this invention. That is, by providing the particular fireplace configuration with the proper baffles, and by properly placing and directing those baffles, the illustrated flow pattern will be the result. The choice of which baffle configuration to use will depend upon which walls are desired to be kept at a lower temperature with respect to the other walls.
FIGS. 6-9 illustrate the flow patterns which may be caused to occur in an open front fireplace like the one described hereinabove as a preferred embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram of the flow pattern taking place in the fireplace assembly described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5. The baffles direct the cold air down the side of the fireplace and up both the front and the back. FIG. 7 demonstrates a variation of the flow pattern in the same type of fireplace wherein air is caused to move down the sides of the fireplace, but the air from one side moves only up the backwall while the air from the other side moves only up the front. FIG. 8 illustrates an open front fireplace in which the airflow pattern of FIG. 6 is just reversed. In this case the air is caused to move down the front and back and up the sidewalls. FIG. 9 is a flow pattern which is just the reverse of the flow pattern of FIG. 7, and in this case the air moves down the front and back, but the air from the back moves only up one side and the air from the front moves up only the other side.
FIGS. 10-13 illustrates the flow patterns which may be caused to occur in the fireplace having two adjacent sides open, and indicated by the legend "openings " and the arrows. In these figures the same sequence of flow patterns as was illustrated in FIGS. 6-9 may be caused to take place.
FIGS. 14-17 illustrate the use of this invention in conjunction with a "see through " fireplace or one in which two opposite sides are open. The sequence of the flow pattern in these FIGS. is the same as the sequence illustrated in FIGS. 6-9.
The embodiments described hereinabove are only exemplary, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the invention may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.
A major problem facing those designing fireplace assemblies of the above-mentioned type is to provide a fireplace in which the exterior surfaces are sufficiently cooled so that the temperature of the fireplace will not endanger the surrounding structure. Furthermore, the fireplace must be designed so that it will not direct a significant amount of heat into the room in which it has been placed so as not to be uncomfortable when used with a central heating system.
In U.S Pat. No. 2,821,975to Robert K. Thulman, a fireplace construction is described which circulates cool air around the firebox and draws off the heated air. This latter construction provides a plurality of thermosyphonic paths to maintain safe temperatures on the surface of the outer casing of the fireplace unit. This patented construction is, however, unduly complex in that at least two concentric casings must be provided around the firebox in order to provide the necessary paths for airflow. This results not only in a complex assembly, but one of extreme weight and bulk.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a fireplace assembly which is of simple construction and uses only a single housing around the firebox while providing the needed paths for cooling airflow.
It is another object of this invention to provide a baffle system for a fireplace construction having only a single housing around the firebox in which said baffles properly direct cool airflow from a cold air duct and in which others of said baffles direct the heated air into a hot air duct to be expelled.
The aforementioned and other objects may be obtained in a fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention in which a single housing surrounds the firebox and the dome structure extending from the firebox to the chimney. The double-walled fireplace assembly connects to a counterflow chimney having an annular cold air duct and an annular hot air duct coaxial therewith. The cold air is drawn down into the fireplace assembly, and the heated air is drawn up through an inner casing and discharged to the atmosphere simultaneously with flue gasses from the firebox. At the point of attachment of the chimney to the dome structure of the firebox, the cold air is directed by means of suitably constructed and placed baffles down the side walls of the firebox and up the rear wall of the firebox. A baffle is provided to direct the heated air from the rear wall into the heated air duct. Baffles are provided to direct a portion of the cool air to a front wall of the dome structure of the fireplace, and a baffle is provided for directing the heat from the front portion of the fireplace up into the heated air duct. This airflow pattern can be modified by altering the baffle structure around the dome of the firebox so that, for example, the airflow can be diverted making it flow down the front and back up the side. Therefore, the exterior temperature of the fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention is maintained at an acceptable level while obviating the need for a complex and bulky structure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may be best understood by reference to the specification hereinbelow and the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation of a preferred embodiment of the fireplace assembly constructed according to the principles of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 with the sidewalls and the rear wall of the housing removed;
FIG. 4 is a top elevational view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary front perspective view of the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the front wall and a sidewall of the housing have been removed;
FIG. 6-9 are sectional plan views of an open front fireplace constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized in a fireplace construction utilizing this invention;
FIGS. 10-13 are sectional plan views of an open end fireplace, which is a fireplace open on two adjacent sides, constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized using this invention; and
FIGS. 14-17 are sectional plan views of a fireplace open on two opposite sides constructed according to the principles of this invention illustrating the various airflow patterns which may be realized utilizing this invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1-5 in which like numerals refer to like elements illustrate the structural details and the airflow patterns of a fireplace constructed according to the principles of this invention of the type which has a single horizontal opening for receiving combustibles. The fireplace assembly is generally indicated by the numeral 10. A firebox generally indicated as 16 is made up of a base member 20, sidewalls 18 and 19 and a rear wall 22 which extends vertically upward from the base member 20 until a shoulder 21 is reached from whence the rear wall 22 tapers upwardly and inwardly. The firebox opening is surrounded by flat elongated frame members 14.
The upper portion of the firebox 16 communicates with a dome structure generally indicated as 30 which in turn communicates with a chimney flue 32. The dome structure 30 is formed from a rear wall 31, a front wall 33, and baffles 35 and 36. The rear wall 31 of the dome structure 30, as best shown in FIG. 3, extends upwardly from the upper end of rear wall 22 of the firebox 16 to a cover member 29 through which the chimney flue 32 is connected to the dome structure and thereby to the firebox by means of a circular opening centrally disposed therein. The front wall 33 of the dome structure 30 extends upwardly from the horizontal opening of the firebox to the cover member 29. As will be described in greater detail hereinbelow, the walls 33 and 31 form baffles conducting the heated air upwardly and away from the fireplace assembly. Baffles 35 and 36 form the sidewalls of the dome structure 30, but these walls or baffles extend upwardly beyond the cover member 29, while tapering inwardly, to a cover member 37. A circular opening is centrally disposed in cover member 37 to allow a cylindrical casing 34 which is concentric with but of a greater diameter than chimney flue 32, to pass therethrough. The casing 34 extends downwardly only so far as to pass through cover 37. The annular space between chimney flues 32 and cylindrical casing 34 forms an inner annular duct 40 through which the heated air is expelled to the atmosphere.
A housing 12 entirely surrounds the firebox 16 and the dome structure 30. It will be noted that the portion of the housing 12 which surrounds firebox 16 is substantially rectangular while the walls of the housing 12 surrounding the dome structure 30 taper inwardly forming a wedge-shaped configuration. The housing 12 is spaced from the walls of the dome structure 30 and the firebox 16 forming therewith the passageways through which the cold air and the heated air circulate around the firebox and dome assembly. A cover member 13 forms the top of the housing 12. Centrally disposed in cover member 13 is a circular opening of a diameter which will allow it to receive a cylindrical casing 38 which extends only so far as to go through cover 138 and which is concentric with flue 32, but of a greater diameter than cylindrical casing 34. Thus, an annular outer duct 42 is formed between the casing 34 and 38. It is through this outer duct 42 that the cold air for cooling the fireplace assembly 10 is introduced therein.
The housing walls 52 and 54 which are adjacent the dome structure walls 31 and 33, respectively, are inclined at an angle which allow them to be joined with cover members 13 and 37 but not with cover member 29, because walls 31 and 33 are inclined inwardly at a greater angle than the angle of incline of walls 52 and 54 and cover member 29 is narrower. Thus, passages extending from the sides of annular ducts 42 passing down baffles 35 and 36 to the sides of firebox 16 are formed. The rear wall 52 of housing 12 and baffle 31, which is a rear wall of the dome structure 30, form a passage extending downwardly from the annular ducts 40 to the area adjacent the rear wall 22. Likewise, front baffle 33, which forms the front wall of the dome structure 30 and which extends downwardly from the front portion of annular ducts 40 forms along with front wall 54 of the housing 12 a passageway from the upper front portion of the firebox 15 and the surfaces formed by the rear surfaces of vertical frame members 14 to the annular duct 40. The base of member 20 of firebox 16 is mounted on legs 15 which extend from the base member 20 to the bottom of housing 12 forming therebetween a gap 17 which provides a passageway for air flow beneath the firebox. as shown in FIG. 5, an upright baffle 138 is provided which extends downwardly from front to rear within the duct defined by the baffle 35 and the wall of housing 12 adjacent the baffle. Baffle 138 directs a portion of the cool air proceeding down baffle 35 to the front wall 33 of the fireplace dome structure 30. A baffle similar to baffle 138 may be provided on the opposite side of the duct at baffle 36. A baffle 39 extending beneath base member 20 directs a portion of the airflow thereunder to rear wall 22.
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
After a fire has been built in firebox 16, as is generally the case with fireplaces having a single horizontal opening, the sidewalls 18 and 19 of the firebox will be at a lower temperature than rear wall 22, base plate 20 and the front wall 33 of the dome structure. With this temperature relationship of the firebox walls it is desirable to direct the incoming cold air downward along the lower temperature walls allowing the heated air to be drawn upwardly along the walls which are at a higher temperature. This is accomplished by utilizing the principles of this invention to construct a fireplace assembly of only double-walled construction and providing the appropriate baffles to properly direct the air to and from a counter flow chimney, thus, utilizing the counterflow principle for cooling the exterior surfaces of the fireplace. This should be contrasted with the prior art devices in which triple-walled construction was used to employ thermosyphonic movement of air around the exterior surfaces of the fireplace resulting in a complex, bulky structure.
In operation the cold air is drawn downwardly through outer annular duct 42 and directed by the side baffles 35 and 36 downwardly along the sidewalls 18 and 19 of the firebox. As mentioned above, baffle 138 shown mounted adjacent side baffle 35 directs a portion of the incoming cold air along the forward wall 33. A portion of the airstream descending adjacent to baffle 36 is directed back up the front wall 33 in a similar manner, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 5. The air directed down the sidewalls of the firebox will proceed underneath base plate 20 and will be drawn upwardly across rear wall 22 and the rear surfaces of vertical frame members 14. The air directed to the front portion of the fireplace assembly will proceed upwardly along inclined forward wall 33 of the dome structure and enter inner annular duct 40. The heated air from rear wall 22 is directed upwardly along the rear wall 31 of the dome structure into the inner annular duct 40. Therefore, the flow pattern in this embodiment is basically one of having cold air directed down the sides of the fireplace and heated air up the front and back walls.
The fireplace assembly constructed as described hereinabove may be placed in a building wall which provides the necessary clearances. The firebox may be held in place by blocking with stud wallplates or moulding, or it can be nailed or screwed in place through the holes punched in either side of the fireplace frame. Any conventional wall-covering material may be applied to the studs providing it does not extend within approximately 2 inches of the sides of the fireplace opening, or within about 4inches from the top thereof. The chimney may be installed in the conventional manner making sure that the necessary clearances are provided between the chimney structure and the surrounding wall and floor material.
FIGS. 6-17 are sectional plan views of various fireplace configurations describing the various airflow patterns which may be caused to take place by constructing the particular fireplace according to the principles of this invention. That is, by providing the particular fireplace configuration with the proper baffles, and by properly placing and directing those baffles, the illustrated flow pattern will be the result. The choice of which baffle configuration to use will depend upon which walls are desired to be kept at a lower temperature with respect to the other walls.
FIGS. 6-9 illustrate the flow patterns which may be caused to occur in an open front fireplace like the one described hereinabove as a preferred embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram of the flow pattern taking place in the fireplace assembly described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5. The baffles direct the cold air down the side of the fireplace and up both the front and the back. FIG. 7 demonstrates a variation of the flow pattern in the same type of fireplace wherein air is caused to move down the sides of the fireplace, but the air from one side moves only up the backwall while the air from the other side moves only up the front. FIG. 8 illustrates an open front fireplace in which the airflow pattern of FIG. 6 is just reversed. In this case the air is caused to move down the front and back and up the sidewalls. FIG. 9 is a flow pattern which is just the reverse of the flow pattern of FIG. 7, and in this case the air moves down the front and back, but the air from the back moves only up one side and the air from the front moves up only the other side.
FIGS. 10-13 illustrates the flow patterns which may be caused to occur in the fireplace having two adjacent sides open, and indicated by the legend "openings " and the arrows. In these figures the same sequence of flow patterns as was illustrated in FIGS. 6-9 may be caused to take place.
FIGS. 14-17 illustrate the use of this invention in conjunction with a "see through " fireplace or one in which two opposite sides are open. The sequence of the flow pattern in these FIGS. is the same as the sequence illustrated in FIGS. 6-9.
The embodiments described hereinabove are only exemplary, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the invention may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.