This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-252627, filed on Sep. 19, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrically rewritable (programmable), non-volatile semiconductor memory device, and more particularly to a method of writing (programming) data in NAND-type flash memories.
2. Description of the Related Art
A NAND-type flash memory comprises a plurality of memory cells serially connected to configure a NAND cell unit such that adjacent cells share a source/drain diffused layer. Therefore, it has a smaller unit cell area and can be provided with mass storage easier than a NOR-type. In addition, it utilizes FN tunneling current for write, which reduces current consumption. Therefore, it is possible to increase the number of memory cells for simultaneous write to achieve substantially high-speed write as an advantage.
In the NAND-type flash memory, a self-boosting scheme is used to boost a NAND cell channel efficiently on writing logical data “1” without varying the threshold. With this scheme, the “1”-write cell (write-inhibited cell) and non-selected cells simultaneously supplied with the write voltage are controlled to cause no electron injection therein. For example, a channel separation voltage 0V is applied to a word line associated with non-selected memory cells located closer to a source line than a selected memory cell supplied with a write voltage Vpgm. In addition, a write non-selection voltage (middle voltage) Vm (Vm<Vpgm) is applied to the remaining non-selected memory cells. As a result, at the time of “1”-data write (that is, non-write), channels in the selected cell and non-selected cells located closer to a bit line than the selected cell, and channels in non-selected cells located closer to the source line than the selected cell are separately boosted.
If the channel separation voltage 0V is applied to a non-selected memory cell right next to the selected cell supplied with the write voltage Vpgm, a band-to-band tunneling current causes a leakage through the drain end of the non-selected cell supplied with 0V, which may cause failed write possibly. Therefore, a non-selected cell supplied with Va (0V<Va<Vm) may be sandwiched between the selected cell supplied with Vpgm and the non-selected cell supplied with the channel separation voltage 0V.
The self-boosting write scheme proposed in the art, however, still leaves the risk of write disturbance (failed write) in non-selected cells. For example, the selection gate transistor on the source line side is turned off with the gate voltage set at 0V for write. In this case, GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current flows in the edge of this selection gate transistor, thereby causing failed write in adjacent non-selected cells possibly (see, Lae-DukLee et al., “ANEW PROGRAMMING DISTURBANCE IN NAND FLASH MEMORY BY SOURCE/DRAIN HOT-ELECTRONS GENERATED BY GIDL CURRENT”, NVSMW 2006, pp. 31-33). The smaller the interval between the selection gate transistor and the memory cell, and the higher the middle voltage Vm applied to non-selected memory cells, the easier this phenomenon arises.
In a first aspect the present invention provides a non-volatile semiconductor memory device, comprising a NAND cell unit including a plurality of electrically rewritable non-volatile memory cells serially connected, the NAND cell unit having one end connected to a bit line via a first selection gate transistor and the other end connected to a source line via a second selection gate transistor, wherein the device has a data write mode to boost a first boost channel region that contains anon-write selected memory cell and non-selected memory cells located closer to the first selection gate transistor than the selected memory cell, and a second boost channel region that contains non-selected memory cells located closer to the second selection gate transistor than the selected memory cell, both electrically separated from each other in the NAND cell unit, wherein in the data write mode a write non-selection voltage applied to a non-selected memory cell next to the second selection gate transistor is switched in accordance with the position of the selected memory cell in the NAND cell unit, at least in two stages, between a lower voltage V 1 than a write non-selection voltage Vm applied to other non-selected memory cells in the NAND cell unit and a higher voltage V 2 than the lower voltage (V 1 <V 2 ≦Vm).
In a second aspect the present invention provides a non-volatile semiconductor memory device, comprising: a NAND cell unit including a plurality of electrically rewritable non-volatile memory cells serially connected, the NAND cell unit having one end connected to a bit line via a first selection gate transistor and the other end connected to a source line via a second selection gate transistor; and a dummy cell interposed next to the second selection gate transistor in the NAND cell unit, wherein the device has a data write mode to boost a first boost channel region that contains a non-write selected memory cell and non-selected memory cells located closer to the first selection gate transistor than the selected memory cell, and a second boost channel region that contains non-selected memory cells located closer to the second selection gate transistor than the selected memory cell, both electrically separated from each other in the NAND cell unit, wherein in the data write mode a write non-selection voltage applied to the dummy cell is switched and set in accordance with the position of the selected memory cell in the NAND cell unit.
FIG. 1 shows an example of waveforms on write pulse application in a NAND-type flash memory.
FIG. 2 shows bias relationships in a cross-sectional view of a NAND cell unit on the above write pulse application.
FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a NAND-type flash memory of an embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows a data threshold distribution for four-level data storing.
FIG. 5 illustrates lower page write operation.
FIG. 6 illustrates upper page write operation.
FIG. 7 shows waveforms on write pulse application in the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 shows a voltage application state in a cross-section of the NAND cell unit in comparison with FIG. 2 on “1” write to a memory cell MC 6 selected.
FIG. 9 shows the risk of failed write under the bias condition of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 shows a bias condition to avoid the above risk.
FIG. 11 shows a case where a voltage V 2 is applied to a word line WL 0 next to a selection gate line SGS.
FIG. 12 shows a case where a voltage V 1 is applied to the word line WL 0 next to the selection gate line SGS.
FIG. 13 shows how the voltages V 1 , V 2 are selected in accordance with the position of the selected word line.
FIG. 14 similarly shows how the voltages V 1 , V 2 are selected in accordance with the position of the selected word line in relation to other word lines in summary.
FIG. 15 shows bias relationships of the prior art in comparison with FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 shows a modification of the embodiment of the voltage application method of FIG. 14.
FIG. 17 shows a voltage application state in a cross-section of the NAND cell unit in an embodiment having a dummy word line next to the selection gate line on the source line side.
FIG. 18 shows how the voltages V 1 , V 2 are selected in accordance with the position of the selected word line in the same embodiment in relation to other word lines in summary.
FIG. 19 shows how the voltages V 1 , V 2 are selected in accordance with the position of the selected word line in the same embodiment in comparison with FIG. 13.
FIG. 20 shows a modification of the embodiment of the voltage application method of FIG. 18.
FIG. 21 shows a voltage application state in an embodiment designed to prevent failed write associated with a word line next to the selection gate line on the bit line side in addition to the embodiment of FIG. 18.
FIG. 22 shows a voltage application state in an embodiment having a dummy word line next to the selection gate line on the bit line side in addition to the embodiment of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 shows a voltage application state in a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 22.
FIG. 24 shows a voltage application state in a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 23.
Prior to the description of the embodiments, a problem to be solved in the invention is described specifically. FIG. 1 shows an example of waveforms on write pulse application in a NAND-type flash memory. A selected word line WLn is supplied with a write voltage Vpgm (around 20 V) at a certain timing. Other non-selected word lines in the NAND cell unit (NAND string) that contains the selected word line are supplied with a voltage determined relative to the selected word line in accordance with a certain rule. Namely, with reference to the selected word line WLn, a non-selected word line WLn- 1 located next to a source contact line (hereinafter simply referred to as “source line”) is supplied with a voltage Va (=about 3 V). A non-selected word line WLn- 2 located next but one to the source line is supplied with a channel separation voltage Vb (=0 V). Other non-selected word lines except these non-selected word lines WLn- 1 , WLn- 2 are supplied with a write non-selection voltage (middle voltage) Vm (=about 8 V). FIG. 2 shows how such the write pulses are applied in a cross-sectional view of the NAND cell unit. For simplification of the description herein, the shown NAND cell unit includes eight memory cells M 0 -M 7 serially connected and selection gate transistors SG 1 , SG 2 arranged at both ends.
FIG. 2 shows a state of voltage application for “1”-write (non-write) where a memory cell MC 6 (therefore, the word line WL 6 ) is selected and the bit line BL is supplied with Vdd. As a result of applying the channel separation voltage 0V to a non-selected word line WL 4 , the channel regions and source/drain regions in the NAND cell unit are electrically separated in two and boosted. At a non-selected memory cell MC 4 supplied with the channel separation voltage, a boost channel region A closer to a bit line contact line (hereinafter simply referred to as “bit line BL”) is separated from a boost channel region B closer to the source line CELSRC as shown with dotted lines. The voltage applied to a selection gate line SGD on the bit line BL side is determined Vsgd=Vdd, for example.
In FIG. 2, when the channel and diffused layer regions are boosted through coupling with the word line, GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current occurs in the edge of a selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side. This current may cause failed write in an adjacent non-selected cell MC 0 possibly as shown.
The shorter the distance between the selection gate transistor SG 2 and the neighbor memory cell MC 0 , and the higher the middle voltage Vm applied to the word line WL 0 associated with the non-selected memory cell M 0 , the easier this phenomenon arises. Failed write due to the above-described GIDL current arises in proportion to the increase in the number of word lines in the NAND cell unit.
The present invention has been proposed to prevent failed write due to GIDL current from arising in a non-selected memory cell next to the selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side. At the same time, the possibility is taken into account about occurrences of other failed write due to the position of the selected cell.
The embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 3 is a brief diagram showing a general configuration of a NAND-type flash memory according to an embodiment. A NAND cell unit (NAND string) 100 is a basic unit in the NAND-type flash memory and includes a plurality of memory cells MC 0 -MC 31 serially connected and two selection gate transistors SG 1 and SG 2 arranged at both ends. Namely, the NAND cell unit 100 has one end connected via the selection gate transistor SG 1 to a bit line BL and the other end connected via the selection gate transistor SG 2 to a common source line CELSRC in a memory array 102 .
A memory cell includes an N-type source/drain diffused layer formed in a P-type well in a silicon substrate and has a stacked gate structure with a floating gate serving as a charge accumulating layer and a control gate as well known. The amount of charge retained in the floating gate can be varied through write or erase operation to change the threshold of the memory cell, thereby storing one-bit or multi-level-bit data.
In the NAND cell unit 100 the control gates of the memory cells are connected to the respective word lines WL 0 -WL 31 and the gates of the selection gate transistors SG 1 , SG 2 are connected to the respective selection gate lines SGD, SGS.
The word lines WL 0 -WL 31 and the selection gate lines SGD, SGS are shared among a set of NAND cell units, which form a block 101 that serves as a unit for data batch erase. Usually, plural blocks 101 are arranged in the bit line direction as shown.
The NAND-type flash memory realizes various operations in accordance with command inputs. For example, in write operation, a data load command is latched from an I/O circuit 1 to a command register 2 , and a write address is latched via the I/O circuit 1 to an address register 3 . Subsequently, write data is loaded via the I/O circuit 1 into a sense amp circuit (and write circuit) 30 . Thereafter, a write execution command is latched via the I/O circuit 1 to the command register 2 to start write operation automatically inside the device.
Namely, on receipt of the write execution command, a sequence controller 4 starts operation. In write operation, the sequence controller 4 controls voltages required for write operation, controls timings of write pulse application and verify-read operation, and controls repetition of write pulse application until completion of desired write operation and verify-read operation.
A high-voltage generator 5 is controlled by the sequence controller 4 to generate the write voltage Vpgm, the write middle voltage Vm, and other high voltages (boosted voltages) required in a row-related signal driver 20 and a page buffer controller 6 .
The row-related signal driver 20 includes CG decoders/drivers 24 to control the voltages on the word lines, a SGD driver 22 provided to control the selection gate line SGD on the drain side, a SGS driver 22 provided to control the selection gate line SGS on the source side, and a VRDEC driver 21 provided to supply a boosted power voltage VRDEC for the block decoder. The number of the CG decoders/drivers 24 is equal to that of word lines in the NAND cell unit. These drivers 21 - 24 are shared among plural blocks.
The NAND-type flash memory is required to apply plural voltages on plural word lines in the selected NAND cell unit. Accordingly, among row addresses, a page address is given to the CG decoders 24 to select the word lines in the NAND cell unit.
Each block 101 in the memory cell array 102 has a word line end with a row decoder 10 in a narrow sense having a block selecting function arranged thereon. The row decoder 10 includes a block decoder 11 operative to receive a block address from the address register 3 and decode it, and transfer transistors 12 controlled under the output from the block decoder 11 . The transfer transistors are used to transfer the voltages required for write, erase and read to the word lines and selection gate lines in the selected block. The block decoder 11 includes a level shifter for supplying a desired voltage to the common gate TG of the transfer transistors 12 .
The transfer transistors 12 each have one end connected to respective one of the outputs of the drivers 21 - 24 and the other end connected to respective one of the word lines and selection gate lines in the cell array. For example, in write pulse application, it is required to apply the write voltage Vpgm (around 20 V) to the selected word line. At the same time, the transfer transistor 12 is supplied on the common gate TG with Vpgm+Vt (Vt is a voltage corresponding to the threshold of the transfer transistor 12 ), which is fed from the VRDEC driver 21 .
The NAND-type flash memory uses FN tunneling current in write and erase. In particular, in write operation, the current required for shifting the threshold of one memory cell is extremely small, different from the NOR-type. Accordingly, it is possible to execute simultaneous write to a number of memory cells. Therefore, the page length of a batch processing unit for write and read can be made as large as 2K bytes or 4K bytes. Sense units 31 in the sense amp circuit 30 that configure a page buffer are contained by the same number as the page length.
A column decoder 7 decodes a column address sent from the address register 3 , for example, on loading write data, to connect the I/O circuit 1 to the selected sense unit 31 and set write data on the column address in the sense amp circuit 30 . In contrast, in read operation, data batch-read into the page buffer 30 is fed from the sense unit 31 selected in accordance with the column address to the I/O circuit 1 .
Although not shown in FIG. 3, in practice, some circuits are inserted between the I/O circuit 1 and the page buffer 30 to realize the input/output of data at a certain cycle.
FIG. 4 shows relationships between the state of a memory cell threshold and the data when a four-level data-storing scheme is applied. In this example, two bits of data stored in one memory cell are allocated to two row addresses. Namely, a lower bit is data to be read out when a lower page is selected. An upper is data to be read out when an upper page is selected.
An erased state with a negative threshold corresponds to data “11”, and written states with positive thresholds corresponding to data “10”, “00”, “01” are defined in order of threshold.
An example of the writing method in such the data allocation is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows a method of writing lower page data. Selective “0”-write to the memory cell in the erased state of data “11” can provide a threshold distribution for data “10”. At this time, the “1”-written cell has the threshold not shifted and retains the state of data “11”.
FIG. 6 illustrates how upper page write is executed. If upper page data requires “0”-write to the cell with data “11”, the threshold is shifted from data “11” to data “01”. If upper page data requires “0”-write to the cell with data “10”, the threshold is shifted from data “10” to data “00”. If it is “1”-write data, respective threshold distributions of data “11” and “10” are retained.
The four-level data-storing scheme requires an execution of lower page write prior to upper page write.
The write for four-level storing needs the creation of three write threshold states as shown in FIG. 4, and requires write to a higher threshold state than the binary storing scheme. Therefore, it is required to sufficiently suppress failed write in the “1”-write state with the threshold not shifted.
FIG. 7 shows waveforms on write pulse application in the present embodiment in comparison with FIG. 1. A selected word line WLn is supplied with a write voltage Vpgm at a certain timing T 3 . A non-selected wordline WLn- 2 located adjacent to the source line with one word line therebetween is supplied with a channel separation voltage Vb=0 V. A non-selected word line WLn- 1 located next to the source line is supplied with a voltage Va (about 3 V) similar to FIG. 1.
The previous rule of voltage application relative to the selected word line is not limited to this form. For example, between the selected word line and a non-selected word line supplied with the channel separation voltage Vb, plural non-selected word lines supplied with Vm may be sandwiched or word lines supplied with a voltage other than Va, Vb, Vm may be sandwiched.
In FIG. 7, VRDEC denotes a boosting power source for the block decoder 11 as described in FIG. 3, and TG denotes a common gate of the transfer transistor array 12 . In the selected block, Vpgm+Vt is applied to the common gate TG such that the write voltage Vpgm can be transferred to the selected word line in the block.
It is the characteristic in FIG. 7 that the non-selected memory cell MC 0 next to the selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side is supplied with write non-selection voltages V 1 , V 2 . These voltages are equal to or lower than the write middle voltage Vm (V 1 <V 2 ≦Vm) and switched in accordance with the position of the selected memory cell. This point is described specifically below.
FIG. 8 shows a voltage application state in a cross-section of the NAND cell unit in comparison with FIG. 2 on “1” write (non-write with the threshold unchanged) to the memory cell MC 6 (therefore, the wordline WL 6 ) selected. In principle, similar to FIG. 2, the first boost channel region A on the bit line side is separated from the second boost channel region B on the source line side.
Different from FIG. 2, among non-selected memory cells, the non-selected memory cell MC 0 next to the selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side is supplied not with the write middle voltage Vm but with a lower voltage V 1 (V 1 <Vm).
The GIDL current caused in the drain edge of the selection gate transistor SG 2 influences on the memory cell MC 0 actually in two ways. One is related to a case where the memory cell MC 0 (the word line WL 0 ) is selected and the write voltage Vpgm is applied thereto. Another is related to a case where another word line is selected and the write middle voltage Vm is applied as shown in FIG. 2. In the former, the number of selections of the word line WL 0 for write out of all word lines is equal to one or two in multi-level write operation, while the latter is the case where another word line is selected and the number of write pulses which may cause GIDL is in proportion to the number of cells in the NAND string.
It is considered in this embodiment to reduce the influence in the latter. For that purpose, it is effective to apply the voltage V 1 lower than the write middle voltage Vm to the word line WL 0 when it is not selected as shown in FIG. 8. As a result, it is possible to restrict the voltage transferred to the drain of the selection gate transistor SG 2 , and thus suppress failed write to the non-selected memory cell MC 0 due to GIDL current in the selection gate transistor SG 2 .
If the word line WL 0 is not selected, however, the voltage V 1 is not always suitable. For example, if the word line WL 3 (therefore the memory cell MC 3 ) located closer to the source line than FIG. 8 is selected as shown in FIG. 9, a further fear of failed write arises.
In this case, as the word line WL 2 is supplied with Va and the word line WL 1 is supplied with the channel separation voltage 0V, there is only one word line WL 0 left closer to the source line than the word line WL 1 supplied with 0V. At this moment, the boost channel region B cannot be boosted sufficiently with the voltage V 1 and the potential on the source of the memory cell MC 1 (that is, the diffused layer closer to the memory cell MC 0 ) becomes insufficient to cut off the memory cell MC 1 . Thus, a leakage to the memory cell MC 0 occurs from the channel region closer to the bit line than the memory cell MC 2 boosted sufficiently. When the write voltage Vpgm is applied to the selected wordline, this leakage may serve as a trigger to generate a hot carrier in the drain end of the memory cell MC 2 . In this case, the hot carrier is injected into the floating gate in the memory cell MC 3 to cause failed write.
Thus, as the position of the non-selected word line supplied with the channel separation voltage 0V gets close to the selection gate transistor SGS on the source line side (that is, the number of cells in the second boost channel region B decreases), channel boost on the source line side becomes insufficient in the system that applies the lower voltage V 1 to the word line next to the selection gate transistor on the source line side, resulting in unexpected charge transfer. To prevent this charge transfer, the non-selected word line WL 0 is supplied with a higher voltage V 2 (≦Vm) instead of the voltage V 1 .
FIG. 10 shows a state where the voltage V 2 (>V 1 ) is applied to the non-selected word line WL 0 next to the selection gate transistor SGS in the state of word line selection of FIG. 9. FIG. 11 shows a case where the selected word line is shifted by one step (line) toward the selection gate line SGD relative to FIG. 10, that is, the word line WL 4 is selected. Also in this case, the word line WL 0 is supplied with the voltage V 2 .
FIG. 12 shows a case where the position of the selected word line is shifted additionally by one step (line) toward the selection gate line SGD on the bit line side. In this case, the word line WL 0 is supplied with the voltage V 1 . Namely, there are three non-selected word lines WL 0 -WL 2 closer to the source line than the word line WL 3 supplied with the channel separation voltage 0V. Accordingly, the two wordlines WL 1 -WL 2 are supplied with the write middle voltage Vm and the remaining one WL 0 with the voltage V 1 .
As described above, when the number of non-selected memory cells located closer to the source line than the non-selected memory cell supplied with the channel separation voltage Vb=0V reaches a certain number or more (three or more in this example), the voltage V 2 is switched to the voltage V 1 . In other words, the number of non-selected word lines located closer to the source line reaches five or more, the voltage V 2 is switched to the voltage V 1 .
As a result, it is made possible to prevent failed write due to the GIDL current in the selection gate transistor SG 2 as described in FIG. 2. It is also possible to sufficiently boost the channel on the source line side even if the selected word line is close to the source line to prevent failed write in the selected cell through the hot carrier injection as described in FIG. 9.
In this embodiment, the position of the selected word line (the word line number given from the source line side in order) is shown along the lateral axis and the voltage applied to the non-selected word line WL 0 is shown along the vertical axis as in FIG. 13. FIG. 14 shows voltages applied to word lines in relation to the position of the selected word line in summary.
WL 0 is supplied with V 2 even when the selected word line is WL 2 because of the fear of failed write as described with reference to FIG. 9. When the selected word line is WL 1 , V 2 may be applied to WL 0 though Va is still applied thereto. This is based on a consideration that the upper and lower non-selected word lines next to the selected word line exert the influence on the write characteristic of the selected cell, and accordingly the similar condition of voltage application is used preferably to retain the voltage on the floating gate in the selected cell almost constant.
In other words, in this embodiment, the write non-selection voltage applied to the non-selected memory cell next to the selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side is switched under the following rule. That is, it is switched to a first voltage V 1 (Vb<V 1 ≦Vm) when the selected memory cell locates within a certain first region set in the NAND cell unit closer to the selection gate transistor SG 1 on the bit line side. Moreover, it is switched to a second voltage V 2 (Vb<V 1 <V 2 ≦Vm) when the selected memory cell locates within a second region set closer to the selection gate transistor SG 2 than the first region. This rule is different from the voltage application rule in which voltages Vb and Va are applied to the non-selected memory cell on the source line side near the selected memory cell.
Further in other words, to prevent failed write to the cell next to the selection gate line SGS on the source line side, the voltage applied to the word line WL 0 when it is not selected uses V 2 when the selection gate line is contained within a range of WL 2 -WL 4 closer to the selection gate transistor SG 2 (that is, the number of non-selected cells in the second boost channel region B is equal to 0-2), and V 1 when the selected word line is contained within a range of WL 5 -WL 7 much closer to the selection gate transistor SGD (that is, the number of non-selected cells in the second boost channel region B is equal to 3 or more). When the selected word line is WL 1 , the adjacent non-selected word line WL 0 on the source line side is supplied with the voltage Va.
FIG. 15 shows a conventional method of applying the middle write voltage Vm to a non-selected word line located closer to the source line than the word line supplied with the channel separation voltage 0V in comparison with FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 shows another one that uses Va instead of V 2 as the voltage on the word line WL 0 when the word line WL 1 is selected in the example of FIG. 14. If the word line WL 0 or WL 31 next to the selected word line is actually selected, even the use of the same write voltage Vpgm results in a different write characteristic from that when other word lines are selected. It is herein important for the NAND-type flash memory to prevent the selected word line from extremely varying the write time.
The write operation includes the write pulse application and the following write-verify operation, which are repeated until write-targeted cells all exhibit a desired threshold voltage as described above. The repetition of write uses a step-up write method that increases the write voltage at certain increments. The repetition number of write is called the number of write loops.
On write to any word line with the use of the write voltage Vpgm, a write voltage is determined in accordance with a fast write word line to prevent excessive write. It means that the write voltage lowers for a cell with a slow-write word line. As for the slow-write word line, write operation starts with a condition where a data write is difficult. Accordingly, the number of write loops increases to elongate the write time.
In order to solve this problem, the following method is effective. Specifically, for example, a selected word line is given a write voltage adjusted in accordance with the write speed to the selected word line, thereby giving almost the same number of write loops to any word lines.
When such the write technology is employed, there is no difficulty if the voltages on the upper and lower word lines next to the selected word line supplied with the write voltage Vpgm differ from the states of other selected word lines. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, the voltage applied to the word line WL 0 may be switched to V 2 when WL 1 -WL 4 is selected.
As measures directed to the prevention of failed write due to the GIDL current in the selection gate transistor SG 2 on the source line side at the time of “1” write as described in FIG. 2, a dummy cell MCD (dummy word line WLD) interposed next to the selection gate transistor SG 2 is considered an effective means.
FIG. 17 shows a state of write voltage application when a memory cell MC 3 (word line WL 3 ) is selected with respect to an embodiment where such the dummy cell MCD is interposed. Also in this case, there are eight memory cells MC 0 -MC 7 except the dummy cell MCD similar to the preceding embodiments and respective control gates are connected to the word lines WL 0 -WL 7 as shown.
When the memory cell MC 3 is selected, a non-selected memory cell MC 2 adjacent thereto on the source line side is given Va. A non-selected memory cell MC 1 next to MC 2 on the source line side is given the channel separation voltage Vb (=0 V). A non-selected memory cell MC 0 next to MC 1 on the source line side is given the write middle voltage Vm (<Vpgm).
In this embodiment, the dummy cell MCD is given the voltage V 1 or V 2 required for suppressing GIDL current in the selection gate transistor SG 2 . In the case of FIG. 17, there is only one non-selected memory cell supplied with the middle write voltage Vm located closer to the source line than the memory cell MC 1 for channel separation. Accordingly, the dummy cell MCD is given the relatively higher voltage V 2 (Vb<V 2 ≦Vm).
In this way, application of the voltage V 2 to the dummy cell MCD can elevate the boosted potential on the boost channel region B and improve the cut-off characteristic of the memory cell MC 1 . As a result, it is possible to suppress an occurrence of failed write triggered by the current leaking through the memory cell MC 1 . In the case of FIG. 17, it is possible to apply the write middle voltage Vm to the non-selected memory cell MC 0 next to the non-selected memory cell MC 1 given the channel separation voltage Vb. Therefore, the cut-off characteristic of the memory cell MC 1 is made desirable to a certain extent because the Vm-applied cell is contained.
FIG. 18 shows voltages applied to word lines in relation to the position of the selected word line in summary. FIG. 19 shows relationships between the position of the selected word line and the voltage on the dummy word line.
If the selected word line falls within a range of WL 1 -WL 3 (that is, the number of non-selected cells containing the dummy cell in the second boost channel region B is equal to 0-2), then the dummy word line WLD is given the voltage V 2 . This makes it possible to prevent failed write in the selected memory cell through the hot carrier injection from the source side as described in FIG. 9.
If the selected word line is WL 0 , then the dummy word line WLD is given the voltage Va. If the selected word line is WL 4 or much closer to the bit line side (that is, the number of non-selected cells containing the dummy cell in the second boost channel region B is equal to 3 or more), then the voltage applied to the dummy word line WLD is switched to V 1 that is lower than V 2 .
In other words, if the selected word line is WL 4 or much closer to the bit line, it is possible to ensure two or more non-selected word lines that locate closer to the source line side than the word line supplied with the channel separation voltage Vb=0V and that can be supplied with the middle voltage Vm. Therefore, the voltage applied to the dummy word line is lowered below V 2 and set at V 1 . This makes it possible to surely cut off the memory cell for channel separation and makes it more difficult to cause failed write due to GIDL in the dummy cell itself with the use of the lower voltage V 1 .
FIG. 20 uses V 2 in place of Va for the voltage on the dummy word line DWL when the word line WL 0 is selected in the example of FIG. 18. As described in FIG. 16, even though the voltages applied to the upper and lower word lines next to the selected word line differ from each other, the write voltage Vpgm can be adjusted to control the write speed. In such the case, the application range of the voltage V 2 can be set to the range of the selected word line WL 0 -WL 3 in this way (that is, the number of non-selected cells in the second boost channel region B is equal to 2 or less). In this case, it is not required to apply the voltage Va to the dummy word line and the dummy word line voltage controller can be simplified.
There is a fear of failed write due to GIDL even in a memory cell along the word line next to the selection gate line SGD on the bit line side other than the word line WL 0 next to the selection gate line SGS on the source line side.
FIG. 21 shows a modification of FIG. 20 with respect to an embodiment taking this point into account. The word line next to the selection gate line SGD in this example is WL 7 . If a word line within a range of WL 0 -WL 5 is selected, the word line WL 7 next to the selection gate line SGD is given not the write middle voltage Vm but a lower voltage V 3 (V 1 ≦V 3 <Vm). The condition V 1 ≦V 3 is given for the following reason. The selection gate transistor SG 1 is given 0V on the gate while the selection gate transistor SG 2 is given Vsgd (such as a voltage of around Vdd) on the gate. Accordingly, the tendency to cause GIDL is considered smaller in SG 1 .
If the selected word line is WL 6 , the voltages on the upper and lower non-selected word lines next to the selected word line are controlled as same as possible when other word lines are selected. Therefore, the word line WL 7 next to the selection gate line SGD is given the write middle voltage Vm.
As for a dummy word line WLDS interposed next to the selection gate line SGS on the source line side, the voltage V 1 , V 2 or Va is applied in accordance with the similar rule to that in the embodiment of FIG. 20.
This makes it possible to prevent failed write in a non-selected cell next to the selection gate line SGD on the bit line side in addition to the effect of the embodiment 2.
In addition to the embodiment 2, it is further effective if a dummy cell is arranged next to the selection gate line SGD on the bit line side, and a dummy word line WLDD is arranged to drive the dummy cell.
FIG. 22 shows a write-voltage application method in comparison with the embodiment 3 of FIG. 21 in such the configuration. Namely, a dummy word line WLDS is interposed next to the selection gate line SGS on the source line side and a dummy word line WLDD is interposed next to the selection gate line SGD on the bit line side.
If a word line within a range of WL 0 -WL 6 is selected, the dummy word line WLDD on the bit line side is supplied with the voltage V 3 lower than the write middle voltage Vm. As for the dummy word line WLDS on the source line side, the voltage V 1 , V 2 or Va is applied in accordance with the similar rule to that in the embodiment 3 of FIG. 21.
This means that the voltages on the two dummy word lines are controlled to minimize failed write at the time of write in a memory cell subjected to data rewrite and equalize the write characteristics of the memory cells regardless of the position of the selected word line. Namely, a dummy cell and a dummy word line to drive the same are interposed both on the bit line side and the source line side and the voltage application method as shown in FIG. 22 is applied. In this case, the voltages on the upper and lower non-selected word lines next to the selected word line supplied with the write voltage Vpgm can be controlled to almost the same voltage state even if any word line is selected.
In practice, word lines and memory cells can not be processed always in uniform shapes and accordingly the above-described adjustment of the write voltage on each selected word line is not always unnecessary. Regardless of the position of the selected word line, however, the relationship with the voltage applied to the periphery thereof becomes almost constant, and thus the write characteristic can be evened easily.
FIG. 23 shows a voltage application method of a modification of FIG. 22 in the case where the write voltage can be adjusted for each selected word line. In this case, the dummy word line WLDS on the source line side is supplied with V 2 or V 1 in accordance with the position of the selected cell, and the dummy word line WLDD on the bit line side is supplied with V 3 (V 1 ≦V 3 <Vm).
In this case, the potentials on the upper and lower word lines when the word line WL 7 is selected differ from those when other word lines are selected. This can be corrected, however, through the adjustment of the write voltage applied to the selected word line as described above. This is also similar to the case when the word line WL 0 is selected.
As described above, V 1 and V 2 are switched in accordance with the position of the selected word line and applied to the dummy word line WLDS on the source line side to suppress failed write caused in a non-selected cell on the source line side. In addition, V 3 is applied to the dummy word line WLDD on the bit line side to suppress failed write caused in a non-selected cell on the bit line side.
FIG. 24 shows an example in which the voltage applied to the dummy word line WLDD on the bit line side in FIG. 23 is switched and set in accordance with the position of the selected word line. For example, the voltage applied to the dummy word line WLDD is switched to V 3 when WL 0 -WL 5 is selected, and to a higher voltage V 4 (V 3 <V 4 ≦Vm) when WL 6 -WL 7 is selected. As a result, when the number of non-selected word lines on the bit line side reduces, channels beneath such the regions can be boosted sufficiently.
Even in the example of FIG. 21 where there is no dummy word line on the bit line side, the voltage on the non-selected word line next to the bit line may be switched in accordance with the position of the selected word line.
In the above embodiments, the voltage applied to the word line or the dummy word line WLDS next to the selection gate on the source line side at the time of “1”-write is switched in two stages, between V 2 and V 1 . Alternatively, the voltage may be switched in more than two stages in accordance with the number of cells in the NAND cell unit. The voltages V 3 , V 4 on the dummy word line WLDD on the bit line side in FIG. 24 may be switched in three of more stages similarly.
Further, for simplification of the description in the embodiments, the number of cells contained in the NAND cell unit and the write-voltage application method are limited and the setting ranges of the voltages V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 to be applied to the word lines WL 0 , WL 7 and the dummy word lines WLD(S), WLDD are exemplified. This is an example, though, and various modifications can be devised.